RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: stunted growth is the most common manifestation of malnutrition in México. Breastfeeding, adequate introduction of complementary feeding and dietary diversity can avoid this. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the feeding practices in children 1-24 months of age in rural communities of Hidalgo and define their relationship with stunting. METHODS: a 24-hour recall was used to obtain information. Z-scores for length-for-age (ZLA), complementary feeding (CF) and minimal dietary diversity (MDD) were determined. The sample was divided into breastfed and not breastfed children. RESULTS: one hundred eighty nine mother-child dyads were evaluated; 59.3% were breastfed and 40.7% were not. Stunting was found in 10.1% and was identified starting at the fourth month of life. This was accompanied by early CF close to the third month (57.0%) and by a reduction in exclusive breastfeeding during the second month of life to only 30%. The proportion of not breastfed children with stunting (27.5%) was almost twice that of breastfed children (12.0%) (p < 0.03). By age, mean ZLA was different with a trend towards stunting increasing with age (p < 0.05): 1-6 months -0.463 ± 1.445; 7-12 months -0.669 ± 1.225; and 13-24 months -0.985 ± 0.917. MDD was greater in not breastfed children (69.7%) (p < 0.04) and by age greater in children 13-24 months (69.7%) (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: the feeding practices of most mothers did not meet WHO recommendations. It is necessary to carry out nutrition education interventions aimed at mothers in rural population.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Población Rural , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Humanos , Lactante , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Lactante/epidemiología , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/epidemiología , México/epidemiología , MadresRESUMEN
Diseases caused by viruses such as dengue, chikungunya and zika are mosquito-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti. We performed a cross-sectional study of healthcare personnel and the general population using questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices, and risk perception for dengue, chikungunya and zika. A total of 248 questionnaires were applied, 63.3% to healthcare personnel and 36.7% to the general population. Of the healthcare personnel, 53% were men, and in the general population 74% were women. Nahuatl and Spanish were spoken by both, healthcare personnel (28%) and the general population (23%). The level of knowledge, attitudes and practices and risk perception of the population and personnel showed significant differences (p<0.05). Among healthcare personnel, nurses and vector operating staff had the lowest level of knowledge. On the other hand, the questions with the lowest scores were 1) symptoms of Zika in both groups, 2) circulating dengue serotypes in healthcare personnel and 3) symptoms of chikungunya in the general population. The results of this work allow us to identify information gaps in which knowledge, attitudes and practices, and risk perception need to be increased.
Asunto(s)
Aedes/virología , Fiebre Chikungunya/transmisión , Dengue/transmisión , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Insectos Vectores/virología , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisión , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Virus Chikungunya , Estudios Transversales , Virus del Dengue , Femenino , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven , Virus ZikaRESUMEN
Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de colonización por Streptococcus del grupo B (SGB) en mujeres embarazadas de Los Altos, Chiapas, y analizar factores asociados a la misma. Material y métodos. Es un estudio transversal realizado de febrero a septiembre de 1999 en tres hospitales públicos de segundo nivel en San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. A 910 mujeres que acudieron para atención de parto a dichos hospitales, se les tomaron muestras (vaginal y perianal) para detección de SGB por cultivo e identificación de grupo y serotipo mediante aglutinación en látex. El análisis de factores asociados a la colonización se realizó mediante c2 y modelos loglineales. Resultados. La colonización por SGB fue de 8.6 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento 6.8 - 10.5). Las mujeres con mayor pro-babilidad de colonización fueron las de =5 embarazos, residentes de municipios marginados, de ocupación diferente al hogar y con jefe/jefa de familia agrícola (26.8 por ciento, RM= 7.25, IC 95 por ciento 1.83 - 28.67). Conclusiones. Es necesario que las acciones para la prevención y control de infección por SGB se dirijan principalmente a la población de mayor riesgo de colonización en el área de estudio, con el fin de disminuir la transmisión perinatal de SGB.