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The constant change of information and technology advancement as well as the impact of social media has radically changed the world and education and, in particular, the needs of students, organisations and disadvantaged communities who share the aim of training and providing quality healthcare services. Dental organisations and education centres around the world have recognised the importance of networking in delivering effective education to students, healthcare professionals and communities. Networking is one way to meet the challenges of delivering healthcare education and services. This can be achieved by sharing of resources, expertise, knowledge and experience to benefit all the stakeholders in healthcare delivery. The joint ADEE/ADEA Meeting in London on 8-9 May 2017 has facilitated discussions amongst dental educators from all over the world during a workshop on "Global Networking: the how and why for dental educators." The aim of this workshop was to determine how can dental educators worldwide network to share ideas, experience, expertise and resources to improve both the curricula and the teaching and learning environment. A pre-conference survey was designed and implemented to identify the domains of interest and needs of participants. A structured questionnaire was administered, and this information was used to guide discussions on three main themes: curricula, faculty development and mobility of faculty and students. Four questions were then defined to help group leaders to frame discussions in the four working groups. The four groups engaged in parallel discussions, with the ideas recorded and collated by group leaders, which later served for the thematic analysis across the groups to draw the key points discussed. Overall, a great desire and potential to create a global networking to share and gain support and expertise at individual and organisational level was apparent and the working group has proposed an action plan, acknowledging that it requires great planning, effort and commitment.

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Romania is one of the newest member states of the European Union (EU). It has 13 dental schools, 14,841 dentists and 2,935 dental technicians providing oral health care for a population, at 31 December 2014, of 21.3 million. The shift from a communist system to a democratic or capitalist society has contributed to an enormous change in the proportion of public and private sector oral health services. The lack of public funds during the post-communist years has contributed to a dependency on private oral healthcare rather than the government financed public provision. Affordability and social awareness have together established a mixed economy for oral health care costs and oral healthcare is growing slowly compared with other developed EU member states. At the same time, there has been overproduction of new dentists (currently 1500 graduate annually). This has led to un and under-employment and emigration of dentists to other EU member states. This paper explains the current oral healthcare system in Romania and changes in recent years.

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The work deals with a group of 212 patients suffering from various forms of precirrhotic alcoholic liver disease and includes a period of 8.5 years (January 1981-June 1989). At least two liver biopsies were performed in all patients. according to the histological diagnosis, the patients were distributed into 6 subgroups: simple hepatic steatosis--24 cases (11.3%), hepatic fibrosis--40 cases (18.8%), hepatic steatofibrosis--69 cases (32.5%), acute alcoholic hepatitis--18 cases (8.5%), chronic active hepatitis--43 cases (20.3%) and chronic persisting hepatitis--18 cases (8.5%). The assessed histological parameters included: fatty transformation, hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrate within the lobules and in the portal spaces, hepatocellular necrosis, cholestasis, proliferation of the bile ductules and modification of the lobular architectonic. The work is aimed at pointing out the precirrhotic hepatic histological lesions induced by alcohol and fraught with an increased risk of progression towards liver cirrhosis. The histological sequential examination of alcoholic hepatic lesions confirm the possibility of progression and installation of the cirrhotic stage for a number of these lesions. Liver cirrhosis developed in 44 patients (20.7%) within a period of 3-7 years, on an average 5.5 years. The progression toward cirrhosis occurred in 12 patients (5.7%) with steatofibrosis, in 11 (5.2%) with hepatic fibrosis, in 14 (6.6%) with an intralobular inflammatory infiltrate, in 17 (8%) with hepatocellular necrosis, in 3 (1.4%) with cholestasis, in 5 (2.3%) with proliferation of the bile ductules and in 10 patients (4.7%) with a modification of the lobular architectonic. In addition, cirrhosis was detected in 8 patients (3.8%) with alcoholic hepatitis and in 13 patients (6.1%) with chronic active hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Drug-induced hepatitis still arouse many practical problems, as their pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet, given the absence of specific criteria. Drug-induced hepatitis are acute and chronic. Cytolytic hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis and mixed hepatitis belong to the former category. Drug-induced hepatitis show various clinical and biological pictures, generally similar to those of viral hepatitis. In the most cases, the prognosis is good and their evolution favourable. Cytolytic hepatitis--the result of a wider hepatocytic necrosis--have a more severe prognosis. The most severe form is the fulminant acute hepatitis, a consequence of the substantial necrosis of the hepatic parenchyma. Chronic hepatitis appears after prolonged administration of some drugs with toxic action. Clinical and biological manifestations are not characteristic. Evolution towards cirrhosis is possible. Drug-induced hepatitis are treated by interruption of the drugs generating them. After removing the noxious agent, the disease resolution takes place in one or two weeks.

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The present paper reports on the recent possibilities of diagnosis in iatrogenic diseases of the liver. The iatrogenic diseases of the liver are diagnosed with difficulty since no clinical, biological and histological pathognomonic criteria are known. The hepatic lesions appearing after drug intake are extremely various, including: hepatocellular necrosis, cholestasis, hepatic granuloma, perisinusoid fibrosis, steatosis, pseudoalcoholic lesions, vascular lesions and hepatic tumours. Clinical criteria, very important for the diagnosis, are based on: appearance of the disease, regression of symptomatology when the treatment is interrupted and recurrence when it is administered again. The biological criteria are not specific but they may indicate the drug etiology of a liver disease. Increase in the serum concentration of aminotransferases might be the only biochemical disturbance and it might be overlooked if not systematically investigated. The immunological tests suggested for diagnosis of iatrogenic liver diseases are numerous but only a few of them are specific. Histological criteria cannot identify, for sure, the drug etiology of the lesions. They may suggest the possibility of a drug induced cause and may help in establishment of a correct diagnosis.

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