RESUMEN
A term infant was noted to have right-sided foot drop. We discuss the role of neurophysiology and diagnostic imaging.
Asunto(s)
Pie/inervación , Neuropatías Peroneas/congénito , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Neuropatías Peroneas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
In the absence of a general anaesthetic facility for MRI scanning in children, we introduced a sedation protocol using chloral hydrate. Our aim was to evaluate the success and safety of our protocol. This was a retrospective study enrolling 36 children over a 7 month period. The overall success rate was 86% with no child experiencing respiratory complications. In those less than one year, the success rate was 100%, aged 1-5 years 91%, with 50% successful at 80 mg/kg and 50% at 100 mg/kg dose. For children greater than 5 years of age the success rate was 70%. 92% of developmentally normal children and 83% of developmentally delayed children were successfully sedated. Success rates were poorer in children older than 5 years and in those with developmental delay. Our findings suggest that this protocol could be safely used in units where general anaesthetic facilities are unavailable for MRI and for other radiological investigations.
Asunto(s)
Hidrato de Cloral/uso terapéutico , Sedación Profunda/métodos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Administración Oral , Niño , Preescolar , Hidrato de Cloral/administración & dosificación , Hidrato de Cloral/farmacología , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although very little scientific data exists on the efficacy and side effects of complementary and alternative medicines, their profile and availability is increasing. Use among Irish children is unknown. AIMS: To determine the nature and prevalence of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) use in our paediatric population. METHODS: Parental questionnaires were distributed in 13 paediatric settings over a 4-month period. RESULTS: There were 57% of parents reported using CAM for their child. Use was significantly higher in the 2-4 years age group (34/105, 32%, P = 0.005). The commonest medicinal CAMs used were vitamins (88%), fish oils (27%) and Echinacea (26%). The commonest non-medicinal CAMs used were homeopathy (16%) and craniosacral therapy (14%). Use varied between paediatric specialties, with the highest in neurological patients (23/25, 92%, P = 0.005). Only 13% of parents had informed their Paediatrician of their child's CAM use. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the children surveyed had used some form of CAM, usually without their Paediatrician's knowledge.
Asunto(s)
Terapias Complementarias/estadística & datos numéricos , Pediatría/métodos , Pediatría/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Terapias Complementarias/psicología , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Irlanda , Masculino , Padres/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
We report on an 18 month girl who presented having ingested and aspirated a mouthful of Isoparaffin stored in a bottle of mineral water served to her unwittingly by her grandmother. The patient subsequently developed respiratory distress and multiple bilateral lung abscesses.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes Domésticos , Absceso Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Parafina/envenenamiento , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Absceso Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous spider naevi are commonly considered to be a clinical sign of chronic liver disease. Little is known about their occurrence in children. AIM: To evaluate the occurrence of spider naevi in children with and without liver disease. METHODS: The presence of spider naevi was investigated in 460 children, 34 of whom had chronic liver disease. RESULTS: Of children without liver involvement, 38% had at least one spider naevus. The prevalence of spider naevi increased with age. Of control patients aged 5 to 15 years, 2.5% had more than five spiders present. Although eight of 10 children with cirrhosis had at least one spider naevus, only four of 34 children with chronic liver disease had five or more spiders present. Most spiders were on the hands and very few were >5 mm in size. CONCLUSIONS: Children with liver disease rarely have large numbers of spider naevi. Although the finding of five or more spider naevi is more common in liver disease, many normal children also have one or more of these lesions.
Asunto(s)
Hepatopatías/complicaciones , Nevo/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
Angiotensin II type 1 receptors have been identified in Fallopian tube epithelia. Polarized confluent human Fallopian tube epithelial cell cultures were used under short-circuit conditions to study the actions of angiotensin II on electrogenic ion transport. The results demonstrate that angiotensin II increases baseline short-circuit current, implying a net transport of negatively charged ions from a basal to apical direction. This effect was inhibited by the selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. The effects of angiotensin II on short-circuit current were rapid in onset, brief in duration, and although less than those achieved with ATP, similar in amplitude to those described for other epithelia with angiotensin II. These findings reflect a significant retention of function for these cells in monolayer culture. Immunohistochemistry using the antibody 6313/G2, which is directed against a specific sequence in the extracellular domain of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, confirmed that the receptor was retained in cultured cells. The results indicate that angiotensin II plays a role in regulating the composition of Fallopian tube secretions.
Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II/farmacología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Trompas Uterinas/efectos de los fármacos , Transporte Iónico/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Captopril/farmacología , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Electrofisiología , Células Epiteliales/fisiología , Trompas Uterinas/citología , Femenino , Humanos , Losartán/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1RESUMEN
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II are important in sperm function and male fertility. Angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors have been identified in developing and ejaculated human spermatozoa, and angiotensin can stimulate sperm motility, the acrosome reaction and binding to the zona pellucida. However, there is little information on the availability of the hormone to spermatozoa during the reproductive process. Seminal plasma and blood plasma obtained from normal and subfertile subjects was extracted, and angiotensin content was analysed by radioimmunoassay. Values obtained for blood angiotensin II were within the normal range at 16.0 +/- 3.1 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM). Values for seminal plasma were usually 3-5 fold higher, at 51.6 +/- 9.3 pg/ml (n = 34, P < 0.0001). High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that approximately 80% of the immunoreactive angiotensin was attributable to angiotensin II itself. However, seminal plasma angiotensin II concentrations were not correlated with blood angiotensin II, sperm concentration or sperm motility. The results show that immunoreactive angiotensin from a source other than the circulation is available to spermatozoa in human ejaculates. The results are consistent with the concept that angiotensin II has an important role in male fertility.