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The study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts of edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes against Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. Methanol:water extracts (70:30) of P. ostreatus and L. edodes were made and evaluated in two in vitro tests (exposure and immersion toxic effect) against R. nigerrimus. Subsequently, the toxicity test of the extracts against Artemia salina was evaluated. These extracts were subjected to colorimetric tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed a mortality effect against R. nigerrimus of 50% for the P. ostreatus 2 extracts at a concentration of 20% in the immersion test. Likewise, in the toxic effect test, 90% mortality was observed after five days of exposure to a concentration of 10%. On the other hand, for the toxicity test, the extract that showed the values with the highest mortality against A. salina was P. ostreatus, starting with 80% mortality at 100µg/mL. The functional groups present in the extracts were saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the presence of more than 7 compounds in the mushroom extracts evaluated is reported. This study demonstrates the insecticidal activity of P. ostreatus and L. edodes fungal extracts and indicates the importance of using different in vitro tests to elucidate the mechanism of action for future studies.
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Artrópodos , Insecticidas , Pleurotus , Hongos Shiitake , Gorgojos , Animales , Metanol , ArtemiaRESUMEN
In the present study, the nematicidal activity of a Moringa oleifera ethyl acetate leaf extract against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans, nematodes of agricultural importance, was evaluated. The experimental design for the evaluation of the effects against both nematodes consisted of eight treatments (n = 4). Distilled water, Tween (4%) and a commercial anthelmintic agent (ivermectin, 5 mg/mL) were used as controls, and for treatments 4-8, the concentrations of the extract were 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Readings were taken at 12 h and 24 h for N. aberrans and 48 h and 72 h for H. contortus post-treatment under an optical microscope (10× and 40×). The data obtained were analysed by analysis of variance through a completely randomized factorial design using the SAS V9 program. The results show that, for H. contortus egg hatching, 85.88% inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/mL at 48 h, while for third-stage larva (L3) mortality, the highest percentage was 68.19% at 1.25 mg/mL at 72 h. In the case of N. aberrans, the greatest inhibition of egg hatching was 90.69% at 5 mg/mL at 12 h post-treatment, and for larval mortality, it was 100% at 10 mg/mL at 24 h post-treatment. The main major compounds identified by qualitative analysis and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and the minor compounds included phytol, γ-sitosterol and α-tocopheryl acetate. It was demonstrated that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of M. oleifera Lam. shows great potential for combating agricultural nematodes.
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Antihelmínticos , Haemonchus , Moringa oleifera , Animales , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antinematodos/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Larva , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. Our aim was to analyze the association of dietary and sociodemographic factors with NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three obese patients from 6-16 years of age were included in the present analytic cross-sectional study. Obesity was diagnosed with a body mass index z-score > 2 SD. NAFLD was estimated by liver ultrasound, serum amino transferases, and elastography. The sociodemographic variables were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Diet was estimated through two 24-h recall dietary surveys focused on the quantity of food energy, simple sugars, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and antioxidants. RESULTS: Hepatic steatosis was identified by abdominal ultrasound in 13 patients (39.4%) and the serum alanine aminotransferase level was above the upper reference value in 54.2%. A higher educational level in both parents, greater monthly food expenditure, and a higher socioeconomic level were associated with NAFLD. Overall, simple sugar and saturated fat consumption was above the recommended daily intake, whereas vitamin E and PUFA consumption was below those parameters. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD was identified in one-third of the cases. There was an association between NAFLD and sociodemographic variables. Both groups had an increased intake of simple sugars and a reduced intake of PUFAs. The selective occurrence of NAFLD could be related to a genetic predisposition that has been demonstrated in a Mexican population.
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Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Obesidad Infantil , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in the bacterial structure and potential interactions of an acclimatized marine microbial community during a light crude oil degradation experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: The bacterial community effectively removed 76·49% of total petroleum hydrocarbons after 30 days, as evidenced by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Short-chain alkanes and specific aromatic compounds were completely degraded within the first 6 days. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the starting bacterial community was mainly composed by Marinobacter and more than 30 non-dominant genera. Bacterial succession was dependent on the hydrocarbon uptake with Alcanivorax becoming dominant during the highest degradation period. Sparse correlations for compositional data algorithm revealed one operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of Muricauda and an assembly of six OTUs of Alcanivorax dieselolei and Alcanivorax hongdengensis as critical keystone components for the consortium network maintenance and stability. CONCLUSIONS: This work exhibits a stabilized marine bacterial consortium with the capability to efficiently degrade light crude oil in 6 days, under laboratory conditions. Successional and interaction patterns were observed in response to hydrocarbon consumption, highlighting potential interactions between Alcanivorax and keystone non-dominant OTUs over time. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our results contribute to the understanding of interactions and potential roles of specific members of hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacterial communities, which will be useful for further bioaugmentation studies concerning the associations between indigenous and introduced micro-organisms.
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Bacterias/metabolismo , Consorcios Microbianos , Petróleo/metabolismo , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Biodegradación Ambiental , Golfo de México , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
In South America, the 1970s began with ardent sociopolitical crises leading to a wave of repressive military regimes. In Chile, most professional bodies suffered profound structural and functional modifications resulting from internal political polarization as well as state intervention. Nurses saw the same fate befall them, which created both a historical blackout and abrupt changes in power dynamics. Given the prominence of this process in the reconfiguration of modern nursing's identity, this article traces the association's political process during the short-lived 1970s Marxist-inspired government and the response of nurses collectively to the rapid shift into a repressive regime leading to a profound internal crisis and an identity break-up within nursing. By using archival sources and oral testimonies1 of 1970s and 1980s nurses, we reconstruct a historical account of a key period in the history of the country that for the nurses meant a progression of discord and division along with a self-imposed silence on the past. In so doing, the article adds to a growing literature on the participation of women in political life.
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Comunismo/historia , Historia de la Enfermería , Atención de Enfermería/organización & administración , Política , Adulto , Chile , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We examined the sediments of four coastal lagoons (Ria Lagartos, Bocas de Dzilam, Laguna de Chelem and Ria Celestun) from the state of Yucatan, Mexico, for three widely used commercial polybrominated diphenyl ethers formulations (penta-, octa- and deca-BDE). The most commonly found congeners in all four lagoons were BDEs 47, 99 and 100 (all in the penta-BDE formulation) and BDE209 (deca-BDE formulation). The greatest variety and highest concentrations of brominated flame retardants were found in Ria Lagartos, which also showed the highest BDE 100 concentration (24.129 ng/g). Hexabromocyclododecane was found in all lagoons, but at lower concentrations than those of the various polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Dispersal routes of these compounds are discussed, such as a ring of sinkholes (cenotes) adjacent to the lagoons. Moreover, electronic waste is a serious problem because municipal landfills have been the primary disposal method for these wastes and therefore represent a reservoir of brominated fire retardants.
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Retardadores de Llama/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/análisis , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Hidrocarburos Bromados/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estuarios , MéxicoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Among non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD), diabetes and hypertension are the main cause of adult mortality worldwide. Among the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Mexico is first in prevalence of diabetes and second in obesity. To face this problematic situation of NCCDs the Ministry of Health declared a national epidemiological alert against the overweight, obesity and diabetes. The target of this study is to characterize the status of obesity, diabetes and hypertension in the adult population in the area of influence of primary health facilities located in high social marginality areas. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study and used a convenience sample. A survey was conducted on a population of 18 years old and above in four primary health facilities in four Mexican States. The survey explored sociodemographic characteristics, the presence of chronic diseases, the access to healthcare services, risk factors and life styles. We also applied a complementary questionnaire to 20% of the participants, in order to explore food consumption during the last week and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). We based our analysis on descriptive statistics and logistic multivariate regression to analyze factors associated with diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: 73% (n = 7531, CI 0.72-0.74) percent of the population reported being diabetic, hypertensive and/or overweight. The majority of them receive healthcare in public health services. People over 40 years old, are 11 times more probable of living with diabetes and 8.7 times more probable of living with hypertension. Both conditions affect mostly women, whose main activity is to be a housewife. People who have lunch and dinner out of home are more likely to develop diabetes. People who perform intense physical activity are less likely to live with hypertension. CONCLUSION: According to the self-report, more than 70% of adult population living in areas with high social marginality suffer diabetes, hypertension and obesity. However, the percentage of people who live with these chronic conditions and are not aware of them, is unknown. The Mexican health system needs a primary healthcare that emphasizes on health promotion, timely detection of risk factors of Non Communicable Diseases and prevention of their complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Instituciones de Salud , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Atención Primaria de Salud/organización & administración , Adulto , Composición Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Ingestión de Energía , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicacionesRESUMEN
Resumen: OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en una cohorte de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y su relación con la actividad de la enfermedad y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional en el que de junio de 2015 a junio de 206 se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico según los criterios SLICC 2012, la actividad de la enfermedad se evaluó mediante el índice SLEDAI 2K. Se estableció la existencia de síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios NECP ATP III. Las variables categóricas se compararon con χ2 y las continuas con U de Mann-Whitney o t de Student. Finalmente se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística multivariante para determinar la asociación de las variables estudiadas y el síndrome metabólico. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 102 pacientes de los que 41% tenía síndrome metabólico (60% de los hombres y 39% de las mujeres). Las principales alteraciones fueron hipoalfalipoproteinemia (75.5%), perímetro abdominal aumentado (63%) e hipertrigliceridemia (60%). Se observó que a mayor número de componentes del síndrome metabólico existía mayor actividad de la enfermedad. Un índice SLEDAI 2K ≥ 4 se asoció independientemente con síndrome metabólico (RR 2.89; IC 1.21-6.89; p=0.017). La administración de hidroxicloroquina se asoció de manera independiente con la ausencia de síndrome metabólico (RR 0.48; IC 0.19-0.39; p=0.14). Se encontró significación entre la actividad de la enfermedad y la hipoalfalipoproteinemia (p=0.007) y la hipertrigliceridemia (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONES: existe frecuencia alta de síndrome metabólico en las pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico, la cual se asocia con la actividad de la enfermedad.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematous and its relationship with disease activity and cardiovascular risks factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study including patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematous according to the SLICC 2012 criteria, disease activity was evaluated through SLEDAI 2K from June 2015 to June 2016. The presence of metabolic syndrome was established according to the NECP ATP III criteria. Categorical variables were compared with χ2 and the continuous ones with Mann-Withney U or Student t. Finally, a logistic regression multivariate model was used to determine the association of the studied variables and the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: One hundred two patients were included; from which 41 % of the patients presented with metabolic syndrome (60% of men and 39% of women). The main alterations were hypoalphalipoproteinemia (75.5%), elevated abdominal circumference (63%) and hypertriglyceridemia (60%). It was observed that with a higher number of components of the metabolic syndrome a major disease activity existed. An SLEDAI 2K index ≥ 4 was associated independently with the presence of metabolic syndrome (RR 2.89; IC 1.21-6.89; p=0.017). Hydroxicloroquine use was associated in an independent manner with the absence of the metabolic syndrome (RR 0.48; IC 0.19-0.39; p=0.14). Statistic significance was found between disease activity and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (p=0.007) and hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.035). CONCLUSION: There is a high frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematous, which is associated with disease activity.
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Histories of nursing that disregard their linkage to broader historical movements often lead to historically detached versions of nursing identity that omit the perspective of their sources and the ideas of their time. Drawing on materials retrieved through a multilayered research strategy comprising internal and external sources, this article examines the development of a nursing identity in Chile during the period starting in the 1950s through the early 2000s. We analysed the sociopolitical contexts in which the nursing profession grew, the changing direction of its role and how the nursing identity transformed itself. Through the use of historical sources and oral testimonies, we aim to give a nuanced account of how the history of public health and that of the country more broadly changed the object of identification of nurses, creating only relatively recently a sense of nursing community. Processes of identification, fragmentation and integration are highlighted, which challenge usual notions of history as a linear process.
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Educación en Enfermería , Historia de la Enfermería , Rol de la Enfermera , Salud Pública , Chile , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , PolíticaRESUMEN
The present study is a non-inferiority study based on a descriptive and comparative case series for comparison of generic vs. original intravenous antimicrobials in septic oncology patients at an oncology private ICU. 1906 cancer patients admitted to Arturo Lopez Perez Foundation, Chile, were included in this study. After recruitment, a first retrospective group of 206 septic cancer patients recorded from 1st January, 2008 until July 14th, 2010, treated with original antibiotics (cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem-cilastatin, piperacillin-tazobactam) were included for analyses and a second prospective group of 143 septic cancer patients recorded from July 15th, 2010 until January 02, 2013, treated with the same but generic antibiotics were also included for comparisons. The trial protocol was developed in accordance with Helsinki and Good Clinical Practices recommendations. The results of this study showed no significant differences between the 2 groups in days of treatment, rate of success and lab test determinations (white cell count, PCR and procalcitonin), with lower, but not significant, total bed days and CPU bed days for generic antibiotics. Therefore, we conclude that the safety and efficacy of the generic antibiotics cefactam®, imipen® and Piperazam® are not inferior to original antibiotics for the treatment of severe sepsis in hospitalised patients at the Arturo Lopez Perez Foundation.
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Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cefoperazona/uso terapéutico , Cilastatina/uso terapéutico , Imipenem/uso terapéutico , Servicio de Oncología en Hospital , Ácido Penicilánico/análogos & derivados , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulbactam/uso terapéutico , Administración Intravenosa , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Cefoperazona/efectos adversos , Cilastatina/efectos adversos , Combinación Cilastatina e Imipenem , Combinación de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos/efectos adversos , Medicamentos Genéricos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Imipenem/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ácido Penicilánico/efectos adversos , Ácido Penicilánico/uso terapéutico , Proyectos Piloto , Piperacilina/efectos adversos , Piperacilina/uso terapéutico , Combinación Piperacilina y Tazobactam , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sulbactam/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We describe the first outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP), the infection control measures adopted and the shift in resistance patterns of isolates during antibiotic treatment. The ST258 KPC-KP strain exhibited a multiresistant antibiotic phenotype including co-resistance to gentamycin, colistin and tigecycline intermediate susceptibility. Isolates before and after treatment had different behaviour concerning their antibiotic susceptibility and the population analysis profile study. A progressive increase in the aminoglycosides (acquiring amicacin resistance) and ß-lactam MICs, and a decreased susceptibility to fosfomycin was observed throughout the administration of combined antimicrobial regimens including meropenem. A high meropenem resistance KPC-KP homogeneous population (MIC 256 Jg/mL), could arise from the meropenem heterogeneous low-level resistance KPC-KP population (MIC 8 Jg/mL), by the selective pressure of the prolonged meropenem therapy. The kpc gene was inserted in a Tn4401 isoform a, and no transconjugants were detected. The core measures adopted were successful to prevent evolution towards resistance dissemination.
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Objective: To describe the clinical results and complications of patients with femoral head fractures using the Pipkin classification. Materials and Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. We analyzed the cases of femoral head fractures treated between 1992 and 2008. Medical history of hip surgery, associated injuries, Pipkin classification, type of treatment and complications were recorded from patients medical history. Results: We report 18 cases of femoral head fractures with clinical follow-up averaged 10.3 years (range from 2.3 to 18.7 years). 14 (78 percent) males with a mean age of 44.8 years without previous history of hip disease. In 17 (95 percent) patients the mechanism of injury was a traffic accident. Associated with posterior dislocation in 17 (94 percent) and anterior dislocation in 1 (6 percent) patient. 13 cases required closed reduction, 4 open reduction and in one case primary total hip arthroplasty was performed because of associated cervical hip fracture. There were 5 (28 percent) fractures Pipkin I, 4 (22 percent) Pipkin II, 1 (6 percent) Pipkin III and 8 (44 percent) Pipkin IV. Within the overall complication rates in our series, we had no cases of heterotopic ossification, there were 3 cases of postraumatic arthritis (16.5 percent) and 5 cases of femoral head avascular necrosis (27.5 percent). Seven patients (37.5 percent) required total hip arthroplasty during their evolution. Patients Pipkin III and IV were those with the highest complication rates, requiring total hip arthroplasty in 66 percent of cases. Conclusion: The fractures of the femoral head are associated with high energy mechanisms, generally with hip dislocation and present complications with significant impact for the patientship, becoming a catastrophic injury when they correspond to Types III and IV of Pipkin Classification.
Objetivo: Describir los resultados clínicos y complicaciones en pacientes con fracturas de cabeza femoral utilizando la clasificación de Pipkin. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se analizaron los casos de fracturas de cabeza femoral tratadas entre los años 1992 y 2008. Se registraron los antecedentes médicos del paciente y quirúrgicos de la cadera, lesiones asociadas, clasificación de Pipkin, tipo de tratamiento y la aparición de complicaciones. Resultados: Presentamos 18 casos de fracturas de cabeza femoral con un seguimiento clínico promedio de 10,3 años (rango de 2,3-18,7 años). Nuestra serie presentó 14 (78 por ciento) hombres, una edad promedio de 44,8 años, sin casos de patología previa de cadera. En 17 (95 por ciento) pacientes el mecanismo de lesión fue un accidente de tránsito. Se asociaron a luxación posterior en 17 (94 por ciento) y luxación anterior en 1 (6 por ciento) paciente. En 13 casos se realizó una reducción cerrada, en 4 reducción abierta y en 1 se realizó artroplastía total de cadera primaria por fractura cervical asociada. Se presentaron 5 (28 por ciento) fracturas Pipkin I, 4 (22 por ciento) Pipkin II, 1 (6 por ciento) Pipkin III y 8 (44 por ciento) Pipkin IV. Dentro de las complicaciones globales de nuestra serie, no hubo casos de calcificaciones heterotópicas, hubo 3 casos de artrosis postraumática (16,5 por ciento) y 5 casos de necrosis avascular de cabeza femoral (27,5 por ciento). Siete pacientes (37,5 por ciento) requirieron de artroplastía total de cadera durante su evolución. Los pacientes Pipkin tipo III y IV fueron los que presentaron las mayores tasas de complicación, requiriendo de artroplastía total de cadera en 66 por ciento de los casos. Conclusión: Las fracturas de cabeza femoral son lesiones provocadas por mecanismos de alta energía, asociadas a luxación de la cadera y provocan complicaciones con repercusión importante para la cadera del paciente, constituyendo una lesión catastrófica cuan...
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cabeza Femoral/lesiones , Fracturas de Cadera/cirugía , Fracturas de Cadera/clasificación , Fracturas de Cadera/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fracturas de Cadera/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Objectives: Determine if patients over 75 years old that were operated by primary total hip arthroplasty, the use of heads greater than or equal to 38 mm may reduce the risk of dislocation without an increase in loosening. Knowing that press-fit was the only mean of fixing the acetabular component. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2008. We included 25 patients over 75 years old that operated with metal on metal primary total hip arthroplasty, monoblock acetabular cup press-fit without screws and heads greater than or equal to 38 mm diameter. We conducted clinical and radiological controls at 1,3,6, 12 months and then annually, recording episodes of dislocation, signs of acetabular component loosening (migration of 2 mm, angulation more than 5 degrees and radiolucid line in the 3 Charnley-DeLee zones) and the Functional Merle Scale. Results: The mean follow up of patients was 2 years (1-4 years). The average Merle Score was 16.7 (9-18), catalogued as Very Good 17 (68 percent), Well 4 (16 percent), Fair 2 (8 percent) and Bad (4 percent) patient. Two patients had complications, nondisplaced calcar periprosthetic intraoperative fracture ans sciatic nerve injury. There were no reoperations and no cases of prosthetic dislocation or loosening. Conclusions: In thi population, the use of acetabular component fixed by only press-fit without screws associated with heads greater than or equal to 38 mm, increases stability and is a safe procedure, and so far we have not seen any loosening events.
Objetivo: Determinar si en la artroplastía total de cadera (ATC) primaria en pacientes mayores de 75 años, es posible disminuir el riesgo de luxación con el uso de cabezas mayores o iguales a 38 mm, sin un aumento del aflojamiento al utilizar la fijación mecánica como único medio de fijación del componente acetrabular. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, del tipo cohorte, realizado entre los años 2005 y 2008. Se incluyeron 25 pacientes mayores de 75 años, sometidos a una ATC con par de fricción metal-metal, cotilo monoblock con fijación mecánica sin tornillos y megacabezas, definidas como diámetros > 38 mm. Se realizaron controles clínico radiológicos a los 1,3,6, 12 meses y luego anualmente, registrándose episodios de luxación, signos de aflojamiento del componente acetabular (migración de 2mm, angulación mayor a 5º y línea radiolúcida en las 3 zonas de Charnley-DeLee) y la Escala Funcional de Merle: Resultados: El seguimiento promedio de los pacientes fue de 2 años (1-4 años). El promedio del Score de Merle fue 16,7 (9-18), catalogándose como Muy Bueno a 17 (68 por ciento), Bueno a 4 (16 por ciento), regular a 2 (8 por ciento) y Malo a 1 (4 por ciento) paciente. Dos pacientes presentaron complicacines, y una fractura periprotésica intraoperatoria del calcar no desplazada y una lesión del nervio ciático. Ningún paciente fue reoperado. No se observaron casos de luxación protésica ni de aflojamiento. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el uso de componentes acetabulares fijados únicamente mediante fijación mecánica sin tornillos asociado a megacabezas, aumenta la estabilidad protésica y es un procedimiento seguro, ya que hasta la fecha no hemos presentado eventos de aflojamiento.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Articulación de la Cadera/cirugía , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Prótesis de Cadera , Luxación de la Cadera/prevención & control , Metales , Acetábulo , Factores de Edad , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Luxación de la Cadera/etiología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Ante un brote de una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa, el estudio de contactos limita la transmisión de esta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar a los contactos de los posibles casos de influenza en trabajadores de la UNAM para establecer una comunicación y proporcionar educación para la salud sobre medidas higiénicas. Material y métodos: Se elaboró un cuestionario, se estableció contacto con los casos por vía telefónica y se llevó a cabo una visita domiciliaria. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los datos y una descripción de las experiencias y percepciones durante las visitas. Resultados: Se identificó que la mayoría de los contactos eran familiares directos de los casos, que no contaban con un esquema de vacunación completo, ni contra la influenza y la frecuencia de síntomas varió de 1 hasta 4. Comentarios finales: Ante una situación de este tipo (la Pandemia del Virus de la Influenza Humana A (H1N1)) el papel de la enfermera en salud pública es de suma importancia no solo en la búsqueda de los casos y sus contactos, sino también en la orientación y educación de la población en relación a las medidas preventivas.
In the view of an infectious and contagious disease epidemic, the identification of the contacts limits its transmission. The objective of this work was to identify the contacts of the possible cases of UNAM workers in order to establish communication and provide health education about hygiene measures. Material and methods: A questionnaire was prepared, telephone contact was established with the cases, and a home visit was arranged. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, as well as, a description of the experiences and perception during the home visit. Results: Most identified contacts were relatives of the cases, which did not have a complete vaccine scheme, no even against influenza, and the frequency of symptoms varied between 1 a 4. Final comments: In a situation like this (A(H1N1) human influenza virus pandemic) the public health nurse roll is of great importance, not just in the identification of the cases and its contacts, but also in the orientation and education of the population in relation to preventive measures.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Gripe Humana , Prevención Primaria , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
Pelvic fractures in hemodynamically unstable patients are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The optimal management strategy for hemorrhage control remains controversial. We present a clinical case that was successfully treated with retroperitoneal pelvic packing. The technique is described and discussed.
Las fracturas de pelvis con inestabilidad hemodinámica se asocian a altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. No existe consenso sobre la mejor manera de controlar hemorragia asociada. Se presenta un caso manejado exitosamente mediante la realización de un packing pelviano retroperitoneal. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica y se discuten sus alcances.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Fracturas Óseas/complicaciones , Hemorragia/cirugía , Huesos Pélvicos/lesiones , Fijación de Fractura , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Hemorragia/etiología , Huesos Pélvicos/irrigación sanguínea , Espacio Retroperitoneal , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Para evaluar la capacidad como agente aglutinante de la quitosana cubana, derivada de quitina de langosta, se realizó un diseño experimental cuyas variables fueron la relación entre la masa de quitosana y granulado base, así como la concentración de ácido láctico en la solución aglutinante. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de ácido láctico no tiene influencia en las propiedades de los granulados elaborados con quitosana. La relación quitosana/granulado base influye sobre el tamaño de partícula promedio de los granulados estudiados. Las propiedades de los granulados elaborados con quitosana, independientemente de la relación de quitosana/granulado base y el porcentaje de ácido láctico, tienen un comportamiento intermedio entre la polivinilpirrolidona y la gelatina. Con el fármaco modelo sulfato de cloroquina, al emplear la quitosana cubana como agente aglutinante se obtuvieron tabletas con adecuadas propiedades. Adicionalmente se comparó su efectividad como aglutinante con respecto a excipientes de uso tradicional: gelatina, polivinilpirrolidona y celacol, con el clorhidrato de propranolol como fármaco modelo. Los granulados obtenidos muestran que la quitosana al 1 por ciento tiene un comportamiento próximo al polivinilpirrolidona, celacol y gelatina, mientras que para las tabletas, independientemente del valor de la concentración de la quitosana, es similar al polivinilpirrolidona(AU)
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Aglutinación , CubaRESUMEN
Para evaluar la capacidad como agente aglutinante de la quitosana cubana, derivada de quitina de langosta, se realizó un diseño experimental cuyas variables fueron la relación entre la masa de quitosana y granulado base, así como la concentración de ácido láctico en la solución aglutinante. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de ácido láctico no tiene influencia en las propiedades de los granulados elaborados con quitosana. La relación quitosana/granulado base influye sobre el tamaño de partícula promedio de los granulados estudiados. Las propiedades de los granulados elaborados con quitosana, independientemente de la relación de quitosana/granulado base y el porcentaje de ácido láctico, tienen un comportamiento intermedio entre la polivinilpirrolidona y la gelatina. Con el fármaco modelo sulfato de cloroquina, al emplear la quitosana cubana como agente aglutinante se obtuvieron tabletas con adecuadas propiedades. Adicionalmente se comparó su efectividad como aglutinante con respecto a excipientes de uso tradicional: gelatina, polivinilpirrolidona y celacol, con el clorhidrato de propranolol como fármaco modelo. Los granulados obtenidos muestran que la quitosana al 1 por ciento tiene un comportamiento próximo al polivinilpirrolidona, celacol y gelatina, mientras que para las tabletas, independientemente del valor de la concentración de la quitosana, es similar al polivinilpirrolidona.
Asunto(s)
Aglutinación , Quitosano , CubaRESUMEN
Durante el embarazo su organismo necesita más energía, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales que antes de la gestación. La alimentación que debe realizar tiene que aportar la energía necesaria y los alimentos nutritivos suficientes como para mantener su salud, realizar las modificaciones que experimenta su organismo, y lograr un desarrollo y crecimiento fetal óptimos. La forma más sencilla de incorporar los nutrientes que le son necesarios es realizar una alimentación equilibrada. Los alimentos que consume durante el embarazo son la base de la alimentación de su feto. Habitualmente, no es necesario que usted haga grandes cambios en su alimentación. Las costumbres alimentarías son muy personales. Pueden estar influenciadas por la familia, actitudes, creencias y preferencias por ciertos sabores, así como por la existencia o el precio de un determinado tipo de alimento. Además, le puede resultar muy difícil cambiar sus hábitos alimentarios si debe obligar al resto de la familia, si le resulta desagradable o rompe con sus costumbres. El número total de calorías y la composición de los alimentos son los factores más importantes. Una mujer con un peso normal antes del embarazo debe ganar entre 9 y 13 kilos durante la gestación. Una mujer delgada, sin embargo. Debe ganar algo más de peso; mientras que una mujer obesa debe ganar algo menos. Durante el embarazo no debe comer por dos. En general, la mujer necesita añadir solo alrededor de 200 a 300 calorías a su dieta diaria desde que comienza la gestación. Esta es una recomendación general, pero debe ser su médico quien le aconseje sobre si el número de calorías que debe consumir cada día debe ser algo mayor o menor. Así, en el caso de una adolescente, una mujer delgada o cuando el embarazo es general, se necesitan más calorías (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Nutrición MaternaRESUMEN
La epilepsia constituye la segunda causa de atención en consultas de Neuropediatría, su prevalencia es de 6 por cada 1000 habitantes. Es 4 veces más frecuente cuando hay familiares epilépticas y el 25 por ciento está asociado a lesión del sistema nervioso central. Se realiza una revisión actualizada sobre las peculiaridades clínicas, fisiopatológicas, así como diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la epilepsia, para un mayor conocimiento y mejor manejo del paciente con dicha entidad (AU)