RESUMEN
The stone samples of historical monuments around Yildiz Technical University Besiktas Campus were investigated using DNA extraction-PCR-DGGE methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRF, and other analytical methods to assess stone decay over the centuries. Microbial diversity was examined by classical cultivation and modern diagnostic methods besides modern analysis techniques. The number of the microorganisms in per gram of stone samples was calculated by microbial culture methods. SEM analysis showed that stone surfaces have too many pores, decaying pieces and microbial colony. It is put forth by XRF analysis that stone materials have some elements serving the growth of microorganisms. It was concluded that there is a close connection the stone structure and microbial growth, most likely mineralogical composition, hardness and porosity of stone. Cyanobacterial microorganisms lived on stone surfaces were also determined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. It was revealed DNA-based molecular analysis of 16S rRNA that 23 bacterial/Cyanobacterial clones were inhabited to stone materials.
Asunto(s)
Cianobacterias , Universidades , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , TurquíaRESUMEN
Sivas is a central Anatolian city in Turkey with mid-population. Due to its geographical structure high air pollution episodes can be observed in the atmosphere of Sivas. A study with city wide sampling campaign can help to identify the possible sources. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the multi-elemental and multi-point analysis of trace metals in street dusts and tree leaves in Sivas. In the street dusts, Ca concentration was > 10%. Fe, Cl, and K contribution was 2.5%, 1.75%, and 1.1%, respectively. The average S and Ti concentrations were between 1 and 10 mg/g, I, Mn, Sr, Cr, V, Ba, Zn, Ni, Zr, and Cu were between 1 and 0.1 mg/g, and W, Pb, Sn, Th, Rb, Sb, Co, Bi, As, U were between 0.1 and 0.01 mg/g, in the ascending order. The same elements were investigated for vegetation. Ca, K, S, and Cl were the elements with highest contribution.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Oligoelementos/análisis , Ciudades , Polvo/análisis , Geografía , Metales/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Árboles , TurquíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study is to assess the environmentaly friendly Ni(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater using waste pomace of olive oil factory (WPOOF). Batch kinetic studies were performed in order to investigate the adsorbent and adsorbate dose, solution pH, agitating speed and temperature. The maximum Ni(II) adsorption was obtained at pH 4.0. The equilibrium nature of Ni(II) adsorption at different temperature was described by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The equilibrium data fit well the Temkin and Langmuir isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of WPOOF as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 60 degrees C was found to be 14.80 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism was examined by the FTIR technique. The results of the thermodynamic investigations indicated that the adsorption reactions were spontaneous (DeltaG < 0), slightly endothermic (DeltaH > 0) and irreversible (DeltaS > 0). The pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data.
Asunto(s)
Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Residuos Industriales , Níquel/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites de Plantas/metabolismo , Adsorción , Biodegradación Ambiental , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Movimiento , Níquel/farmacología , Aceite de Oliva , Soluciones , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
The litter of natural trembling poplar (Populus tremula) forest (LNTPF) was used for the biosorption of Cu(II) ions in a batch adsorption experiments. The sorption capacity of LNTPF was investigated as a function of pH, particle size, agitating speed, initial Cu(II) concentration, adsorbent concentration and temperature. The efficiency of copper uptake by the used LNTPF increases with a rise of solution pH, adsorbent concentration, agitating speed, temperature, and with a decline of particle size and initial Cu(II) concentration. The biosorption process was very fast; 94% of Cu(II) removal occurred within 5 min and equilibrium was reached at around 30 min. Batch adsorption models, based on the assumption of the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order mechanism were applied to examine the adsorption kinetics. The pseudo-second order model was found to best fit the kinetic data. EPR studies combined with FTIR spectroscopy were used to represent the biosorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaH degrees, DeltaS degrees and DeltaG degrees were calculated. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. Equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir adsorption model. This study proved that the LNTPF can be used as an effective, cheap and abundant adsorbent for the treatment of Cu(II) containing wastewaters.
Asunto(s)
Cobre/aislamiento & purificación , Populus/química , Suelo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Biomasa , Cobre/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia por Spin del Electrón , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Tamaño de la Partícula , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , Termodinámica , Factores de Tiempo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
The waste pomace of olive oil factory (WPOOF) was tested for its ability to remove chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by batch and column experiments. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees have been calculated. The thermodynamics of chromium(VI) ion onto WPOOF system indicates spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. The ability of WPOOF to adsorb chromium(VI) in a fixed bed column was investigated, as well. The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and inlet metal ion concentration on the sorption characteristics of WPOOF was investigated. The longest breakthrough time and maximum of Cr(VI) adsorption is obtained at pH 2.0. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of chromium(VI) related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates and different inlet chromium(VI) concentrations for adsorbent. The data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed chromium(VI) and equilibrium chromium(VI) uptake decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet chromium(VI) concentration. The Adams-Bohart model were used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated.
Asunto(s)
Cromo/aislamiento & purificación , Residuos Industriales , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Adsorción , Cationes , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Aceite de Oliva , Aceites de Plantas , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
The removal efficiency of waste tea from nickel containing aqueous solutions was investigated. All experiments were conducted fixed-bed columns. Experiments were carried out as a function of liquid flow rate (5-20 mL/min), initial Ni(II) concentration (50-200 mg/L), bed height (10-30 cm), pH of feed solution (2.0-5.0) and particle size (0.15-0.25 to 1.0-3.0 mm) of adsorbent. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of Ni(II) related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates, different inlet Ni(II) concentrations, different pH value, different bed height and different particle size for waste tea. The longest breakthrough time and maximum of Ni(II) adsorption is obtained at pH 4.0. Decrease in the particle size from 1.0-3.0 to 0.15-0.25 mm resulted in significant increase in the treated volume, breakthrough time and bed capacity. The results show that the column performed well at lowest flow rate. Also, column bed capacity and exhaustion time increased with increasing bed height. When the initial Ni(II) concentration is increased from 50 to 200 mg/L, the corresponding adsorption bed capacity appears to increase from 7.31 to 11.17 mg/g. The bed depth service time (BDST) model and the Thomas model were used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. Good agreement of the experimental breakthrough curves with the model predictions was observed.
Asunto(s)
Residuos Industriales , Níquel/química , Níquel/aislamiento & purificación , Té/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Adsorción , Fenómenos Químicos , Química Física , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Iones/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Soluciones/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Té/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The influence of air pollutants on the architecture of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) needles was examined in polluted and control forest sites around the Yeniköy thermal power plant (YTPP) in Mugla, Turkey. The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that air pollutants emitted from the YTPP cause the dilation of resin canal diameter on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles. For this, the anatomical and morphological anomalies on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles were examined. It was determined that the air pollutants caused resin canal dilation and epidermis/hypodermis layers slimming on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles. It was also observed that the endodermis layer, the transfusion tissue cells had deformed, and the intra-cellular material had disappeared in the inner side of the cells. At the end of the land researches carried out around the YTPP, visible injury was observed and the ends of needles had withered, so the two and three-year old needles fell very early. Leak of resin on the surface of the needles especially in extensive dusty areas appeared. 0.217-0.423 mg/cm(2) fly ash on the needle surfaces in these areas were obtained. By means of the elemental analysis, it was found out that fly ash had some toxic elements on plants.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Carbono/toxicidad , Pinus , Hojas de la Planta/anatomía & histología , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Centrales Eléctricas , Árboles , Ceniza del Carbón , Material Particulado , TurquíaRESUMEN
This paper presents the data for the effect of adsorbent dose, initial metal concentration, solution pH, agitating rate and temperature on the adsorption of nickel(II) on waste tea. Batch adsorption studies have been carried out. The equilibrium nature of nickel(II) adsorption at different temperature (25-60 degrees C) has been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity (Q(0)) calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 15.26 mg Ni(II) g(-1) at initial pH of 4.0 at 25 degrees C. The results of the thermodynamic investigations indicate that the adsorption reactions are spontaneous (DeltaG degrees <0), slightly endothermic (DeltaH degrees > 0) and irreversible (DeltaS degrees > 0).