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Context: The chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) condition may lead to diabetic wounds that increase morbidity in patients. Ipomoea reptans Poir leaves have been widely reported to possess anti-diabetic activity due to their flavonoid contents. To enhance drug penetration, a nanoemulgel preparation was formulated. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of nanoemulgel preparations of Ipomoea reptans Poir leaf extract on diabetic and non-diabetic wound-healing using male Wistar rats. Settings and Design: This research was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Materials and Methods: The rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic (induced by 40 mg/kg BW STZ) and non-diabetic model. Each model consisted of four groups: normal, positive control, I. reptans leaf extract (IRLE), and nanoemulgel of I. reptans leaf extract (NIRLE). All the animals studied were shaved from the back, and a 2.5 × 0.5 cm full-thickness excision wound was made. IRLE and NIRLE were administered daily and observed for the wound-healing process. Statistical Analysis Used: The one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: A NIRLE formulation has been developed to produce a preparation that meets the physical requirements. IRLE and NIRLE possessed wound-healing activity in normal and diabetic rat models. However, the wound-healing process in diabetic rats treated with NIRLE was faster than those with IRLE. Conclusions: NIRLE increased the activity of wound-healing effect of I. reptans leaves on diabetic rats in comparison with the extract form.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Previously, ethanolic extract of Ficus septica Burm. f. (Moraceae) leaves and its ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EASF) exhibited potent cytotoxic effects on T47D breast cancer cells. In the present study, we further investigated the effects of EASF of ethanolic extract of F. septica leaves in combination with doxorubicin on T47D breast cancer cell line in cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. METHODS: The cytotoxic effect analysis on T47D cells was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Analysis of cell cycle distribution was performed using a flowcytometer and the data were analyzed using ModFit LT 3.0 program. Apoptosis assay was carried out by double staining method using ethidium bromide-acridin orange. The expression of cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase in the T47D cell line was identified using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: The combination of doxorubicin (2 to 8 nmol/L) with EASF (0.875 to 7 µg/mL) more potently inhibited cell growth than the single treatment of doxorubicin in T47D cells. In addition, the combination of doxorubicin and EASF could increase the incidence of cells undergoing apoptosis. EASF was found to improve cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin by changing the inhibition of cell cycle G(2)/M to G(1) phase. The combination also exhibited a more intensive stimulatory effect on cleaved-PARP expression in T47D cells than the single treatment. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that EASF may enhance doxorubicin activities in T47D cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.