RESUMEN
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant with a long history of use in Argentine traditional medicines; it belongs to a monotypic genus, and is an endemic species of Argentina. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicology of Z. punctata. A wide range of traditional uses are cited in the literature such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor, among - others. Pharmacological studies to date have demonstrated significant activities that support the traditional uses of this plant. No human clinical trials had been - completed up to the time of this review and no toxic effect had been detected in animals. Compounds from different chemical groups have been isolated such las phenolic compounds and essential oils. Plant extracts and phytochemicals isolated exhibit a broad range of activities, anti-inflamnatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, antiulcer, and nematicidal. The main bioactive phytochemicals in the aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) were identified as 2', 4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone and 2', 4'-dihydroxychalcone and were proposed as chemical markers. Consequently, standardized dry extracts of aerial parts of Z. puntacta could be used in herbal medicinal products. Also, they could be included in phytotherapeutic preparations such as capsules, creams, and gels, and for microencapsulation.
Asunto(s)
Fabaceae/química , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/efectos adversos , Plantas Medicinales/química , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) is an Argentine medicinal aromatic shrub (jarilla pispito, puspus, lata and jarilla macho). The chalcones were identified as pigments responsible for the yellow color of the flowers. Hydroethanolic extracts were obtained both from fresh flowers and from flowers dried by lyophilization. The extracts were standardized by their phenolic and flavonoids content. Their fingerprints by HPLC-DAD indicated the presence of two chalcones as major compounds (2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone). Both extracts showed the same total phenolic, non-flavonoid phenolic and flavonoid phenolic content and their phenolic profiles were similar. The polyphenolic extracts exhibited antioxidant (free radical scavenging and inhibitory activity on lipoperoxidation) and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes) activities. The flower extracts were active against six Candida species with MIC values between 60 and 120 µg GAE x mL(-1) and were also active on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 250 µg GAE x mL(-1)) and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC: 500 µg GAE x mL(-1)). The extracts were neither toxic (Artemia salina test) nor mutagenic (Ames test). Jarilla flowers could be considered as a new dietary supplement that could help to prevent pathologies associated with oxidative stress and the polyphenolic extract obtained from them could be considered as a standardized phytotherapeutic product with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this work was to determine the pigments responsible for the yellow color of the flowers of Z. punctata and to evaluate the functional properties of the polyphenolic extract of the flowers. The toxicity (Artemia salina) and mutagenic activity (Ames test) of the extract were also evaluated.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fabaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Flores/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Levaduras/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of standardized extracts of Baccharis incarum in 60° and 80° ethanol and of a phytopharmaceutical formulation obtained from them were measured. Baccharis tinctures showed antimicrobial activity against clinically isolated antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, with MIC values of 40-80 µg GAE/mL. Both tinctures exhibited ABTS(â+) scavenging activity with SC(50) values between 1.6 and 4.0 µg GAE/mL. The tinctures were not genotoxic in the Salmonella assay. For this reason, the tincture in 60° ethanol was incorporated into a topical pharmaceutical formulation (Hydrogel/ Carbopol® 934). The phytopharmaceutical formulation also showed antibacterial and antioxidant activities in the in vitro assays. The hydrogel showed microbiological, chemical, physical and functional stability during storage at room temperature. Studies that measure drug release as a determination of bioavailability were also carried out using the Franz diffusion cell (FC). The results demonstrated the release of two bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acid and 4',5-dihydroxy-3',3,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone) from the phytotherapic preparation in HPLC studies of FC receptor solution. In consequence, the phytopreparation applied topically could be used to treat skin and soft tissue infection produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Enterococcus faecalis and opens new opportunities for the use of active natural ingredients in the cosmeceutical field as antiacne and antioxidant.