RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of ocular trauma after evaluation with the ocular trauma score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2010. Our sample included all patients with ocular trauma. Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the ocular trauma score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364 eyes was 3.56%. There were 204 men (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95 years with predominance of 21-30 years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, patients were seen within 72 hours of the trauma. Three hundred (90.36%) traumas were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3 logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13 eyes were grade 1, 19 grade 2, 25 grade 3, 54 grade 4 and 253 grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22 to 45) vs. 7 which were hypotonous. Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. Visual loss was reported in 16.20% and blindness in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the ocular trauma score may lead to effective management.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Oculares/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ceguera/etiología , Camerún/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Lesiones Oculares/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipertensión Ocular/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índices de Gravedad del Trauma , Población Urbana , Agudeza Visual , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Human T cell agar colonies can be grown under PHA stimulation from either mature T cells or their E rosette-negative (E-), OKT3- peripheral blood and bone marrow precursors. Colonies comprise a majority of mature E+, OKT3+ cells and a minor (5 to 10%) population of immature E-, T3-, T8-, T4-, DR+, T10+, RFB1+ cells, which upon replating in subculture, can generate secondary colonies of OKT3+, E+, OKT4+, OKT8+ cells. Secondary colony formation can serve as a test for growth requirement of colony precursors, because it depends on the presence of both PHA and a colony-promoting activity (CPA) recovered in PHA-stimulated B + null or T + adherent cell supernatants. CPA production by B + null cells was not affected by their treatment with OKT3 or D66 (T11-like) monoclonal antibodies (MAB) + complement but was abolished by an anti-HLA-DR MAB + complement. However, B cells sorted by panning with the same anti-HLA-DR MAB did not release CPA, demonstrating the requirement of both B cells and null cells for CPA production. Neither IL 2 nor IL 1 could account for B + null cell-derived CPA.