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Antecedentes. Los tumores cardiacos son frecuentes en la etapa fetal e infantil, siendo el rabdomioma el más prevalente en la vida fetal. Su diagnóstico se ha incrementado debido al cribado por ecografía. Objetivo. Comunicar la primera serie peruana de casos con diagnóstico prenatal de tumores cardiacos fetales en un instituto materno perinatal. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos. Se revisó la base de datos de todos los fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de tumores cardiacos a partir de enero de 2009 hasta enero de 2021 en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP), Lima, Perú. Estos pacientes fueron seguidos por vía telefónica y en dos casos se les realizó control ecocardiográfico. Resultados. Se halló 6 casos de pacientes diagnosticados con tumores cardiacos en los últimos 12 años en el INMP, con reducción de tamaño en el seguimiento de todos los casos y la asociación con esclerosis tuberosa en la mitad de ellos. Conclusiones. Los rabdomiomas cardiacos representan los tumores más frecuentes en la vida fetal. La mayoría tienen en común la remisión parcial del tumor. Sin embargo, la evolución clínica depende de la ubicación, tamaño y su asociación o no de esclerosis tuberosa. Por ello es recomendable un seguimiento estricto, especialmente del sistema nervioso central.

Background: Cardiac tumors are frequent in the fetal and infant stages, with rhabdomyoma being the most prevalent in fetal life. Its diagnosis has increased due to ultrasound screening. Objective: To report the first Peruvian series of cases with prenatal diagnosis of fetal cardiac tumors in a maternal perinatal institute. Methods: Descriptive study of case series. The database of all fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of cardiac tumors from January 2009 to January 2021 at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP), Lima, Peru, was reviewed. These patients were followed up by telephone and in two cases echocardiographic control was performed. Results: We found 6 cases of patients diagnosed with cardiac tumors in the last 12 years in the INMP, with reduction in size in the follow-up of all cases and association with tuberous sclerosis in half of them. Conclusions: Cardiac rhabdomyomas represent the most frequent tumors in fetal life. Most of them have in common the partial remission of the tumor. However, the clinical evolution depends on the location of the tumor, size, and its association or not with tuberous sclerosis. For this reason, close follow-up is recommended, especially of the central nervous system.

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This review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy as compared with the conventional phototherapy in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and their adverse effects. We searched the following databases right from their inception till April, 2021: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the LED phototherapy with other light sources, which enrolled newborns (term and preterm) with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. We included 21 articles in this review. The treatment with the LED light therapy had a lower failure rate as compared with the non-LED one (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.94). The mean duration of phototherapy was significantly shorter in the group with the LED light source as compared with the one with the non-LED light source (mean difference [hours]: -8.07, 95% CI: -8.45 to -7.68), regardless of the type of non-LED units. However, the rate of bilirubin showed a comparable decline (mean difference [mg/dL/h]: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.03) in both the light sources, irrespective of irradiance or distance. No studies reported primary outcomes related to the neurotoxicity effects of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. The LED light devices caused a significantly higher risk of hypothermia. Neonates were at a lower risk of developing hyperthermia and skin rash with the LED light therapy. Our findings provide support for the use of LED light source phototherapy due to its better clinical efficacy, which is evidenced by its shorter duration and lower rate of treatment failure, as compared with the non-LED light sources. KEY POINTS: · The efficacy of phototherapy is dependent on specific characteristics of light sources of phototherapy devices.. · LED phototherapy demonstrated better efficacy with shorter duration and lower rate of treatment failure.. · Adverse effects of phototherapy devices such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, and skin rash should be monitored..

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of a telemonitoring program that was rapidly implemented in our institution as a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the maternal and perinatal outcomes of women who attended this program. STUDY: DESIGN: Retrospective study of patients via phone-call telemonitoring during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020-August 2020). Maternal and perinatal outcomes were collected and described. Health providers' satisfaction with the telemonitoring program was assessed via an email survey. RESULTS: Twenty-three (69.7%) health providers answered the survey. The mean age was 64.5 years, 91.3% were OB/GYN (obstetrician-gynecologist) doctors, and 95% agreed that telemonitoring is an adequate method to provide health care when in-person visits are difficult. The 78.7% of scheduled telemonitoring consultations were finally completed. We performed 2,181 telemonitoring consultations for 616 pregnant women and 544 telemonitoring consultations for puerperal women. Other medical specialties offering telemonitoring included gynecology, reproductive health, family planning, cardiology, endocrinology, and following up with patients with reactive serology to severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The majority of the population attending our telemonitoring program were categorized as the lowest strata, i.e., III and IV, according to the Human Development Index, and approximately 42% were deemed as high-risk pregnant women. Additionally, we reported the perinatal outcomes of 424 (63%) pregnant women, the most relevant finding being that approximately 53% of them had cesarean sections. CONCLUSION: Telemonitoring is an adequate method of continuing the provision of prenatal care when in-person visits are difficult in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemonitoring is feasible even in institutions with no or little experience in telemedicine. The perinatal outcomes in women with telemonitoring seem to be similar to that in the general population. KEY POINTS: · Telemonitoring for prenatal care is feasible even in low-income countries and in a critical scenario.. · OB/GYN doctors agreed with that telemonitoring is an adequate method to provide prenatal care.. · Maternal and perinatal outcomes are similar in women attending a telemonitoring program..

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La leptospirosis es una infección bacteriana que puede aparecer durante el embarazo o puerperio; su manifestación más grave es el síndrome de Weil, que puede provocar la muerte por choque séptico, insuficiencia multiorgánica y complicaciones hemorrágicas severas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 26 años, procedente de la provincia de Supe (Lima, Perú), en etapa puerperal, a quien se practicó cesárea cuatro días antes en una institución ajena al hospital. Acudió al hospital debido a la aparición de ictericia generalizada, fiebre de 39 °C, hepatoesplenomegalia, anasarca y síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica. Mediante la prueba de ELISA e IgM (subtipos Hursbridge 1/200 e Icterohaemorrhagiae 1/400) se estableció el diagnosticó de leptospirosis. En el noveno día se inició tratamiento con ceftriaxona. Cuatro semanas después tuvo mejoría clínica y fue dada de alta del hospital en condición estable. CONCLUSIONES: El diagnóstico de leptospirosis es incierto durante el embarazo, incluso un 10% de las pacientes afectadas podrían agravar su situación. Es importante vigilar el bienestar del feto y decidir la finalización del embarazo por la mejor vía, según las condiciones de la madre y el feto.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a rare infectious complication that could manifest during pregnancy or puerperium. The most severe form, the Weil syndrome, has elevated mortality due to septic shock, multiple organ failure and severe bleeding complications. CLINICAL CASE: A 26-year-old female underwent cesarean section due to high risk of loss of fetal well-being at an outside hospital. On the 4th day postpartum, she was referred to our center febrile (38-39 ° C), with generalized jaundice, anasarca and hepatosplenomegaly, with further deterioration into multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Elisa IgM was positive for Leptospirosis, specifically for the subtypes Hursbridge 1/200 and Icterohaemorrhagiae 1/400. On the ninth day after admission, ceftriaxone was started. Four weeks later, she had clinical improvement and was discharged in stable condition. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of leptospirosis infection is uncertain during pregnancy and up to 10% of affected patients could have complications. It is important to monitoring the fetal well being and determine the proper time of pregnancy termination by the best route of delivery if there are maternal or fetal indications.

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La cetoacidosis diabética y el estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico son complicaciones agudas de la diabetes que se superponen en uno de cada cuatro casos, y cada una pone en peligro la vida de la madre y del feto. Existe poca información acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones agudas de la diabetes en el embarazo. OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de una embarazada sin controles prenatales y sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de importancia que tuvo una crisis hiperglucémica mixta asociada con eclampsia y óbito. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente primigesta, de 21 años, con 33 semanas de embarazo que ingresó al hospital debido a: náuseas, disnea y ausencia de movimientos fetales. Al ingreso se encontró somnolienta y con presión arterial elevada. Los exámenes de laboratorio se reportaron compatibles con cetoacidosis diabética y estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico. A pesar del tratamiento, sobrevino la eclampsia. El embarazo finalizó mediante cesárea, con un recién nacido sin latidos cardiacos. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente con la atención multidisciplinaria. Fue dada de alta con valores de glucosa y presión arterial en límites normales. CONCLUSIÓN: Las crisis hiperglucémicas durante el embarazo se asocian con morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal, además de trastornos hipertensivos. El diagnóstico temprano de diabetes en los controles prenatales es fundamental para evitar este cuadro.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state are acute complications of diabetes. These two overlap in one in four cases, and each endangers the life of the mother and the fetus. There is little information about the diagnosis and management of acute complications of diabetes in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a pregnant woman without prenatal controls and without significant personal or family history who developed a mixed hyperglycemic crisis associated with eclampsia and death. CLINICAL CASE: 21-year-old primigravida admitted at 33 weeks' gestation due to nausea, dyspnea and absence of fetal movements. She was drowsy and had high blood pressure values. Laboratory tests were consistent with a mixed presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Despite treatment, the patient developed eclampsia. Cesarean delivery was performed, extracting a newborn without fetal heartbeat. The patient evolved favorably with multidisciplinary management. She was discharged with glucose and blood pressure values within normal limits. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemic crises in pregnancy are associated with maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early diagnosis of diabetes in prenatal checkups is essential to avoid this condition.

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A 22-year-old pregnant woman was referred to our fetal medicine unit due to severe fetal growth restriction at 26 weeks of gestation. An extensive detailed ultrasound revealed signs of bilateral periventricular hyperechogenicity, suggesting fetal infection potentially due to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Doppler ultrasound showed a high peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling confirmed fetal CMV infection and severe fetal anaemia. We present this case to highlight the importance of fetal anaemia, which can be fatal regardless of whether it is associated with generalised oedema or hydrops fetalis.

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La pandemia del coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) y las medidas instauradas para su control significaron la interrupción de la atención prenatal, con potencial riesgo en la salud materna y fetal. Por otro lado, la atención prenatal convencional presencial implicaría exposición y riesgo de infección en pacientes y proveedores de salud. El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) ha incorporado la teleconsulta como parte de un nuevo modelo de atención prenatal mixto, cuyo objetivo es disminuir las citas presenciales y, por tanto, el contacto y riesgo de transmisión viral. El paquete de atención prenatal incluye actividades esenciales para atender gestantes en edades gestacionales específicas con mayor impacto en los desenlaces perinatales y maternos. Este nuevo modelo podría generalizarse a nivel nacional y ser parte de la solución a las disparidades de atención en el Perú, mediante políticas del uso de la telemedicina en la atención prenatal que faciliten su implementación, así como su sostenibilidad después de la pandemia de COVID-19.

The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and the measures implemented for its control meant the interruption of prenatal care, with potential risk to maternal and fetal health. However, conventional in-person prenatal care would imply exposure and risk of infection in patients and health care providers. The Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) has incorporated teleconsultation as part of a new model of mixed prenatal care, which aims to reduce in-person appointments and, therefore, the contact and risk of viral transmission. The prenatal care package performs essential activities to care for pregnant women of specific gestational ages with a greater impact on perinatal and maternal outcomes. This new model could be generalized nationally and be part of the solution to the disparities of healthcare in Peru, through policies for the use of telemedicine in prenatal care that facilitate its implementation, as well as its sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the maternal clinical characteristics, maternal and perinatal outcomes in COVID-19-positive pregnant women. METHODS: Articles in all languages on the SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women were sought from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and LILACS; China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and Wan Fang Data between December 1, 2019 and April 27, 2020. Bulletins and national reports were also searched. RESULTS: From 12,168 retrieved articles, 143 were selected for full-text assessment; 33 for descriptive analyses, and 4 case-controls for meta-analysis. In 322 infected pregnant women, aged 20-45 years, the most frequent maternal comorbidity was obesity (24.2%). Forty-two (28.4%) were asymptomatic at admission. Cough (n = 148,59.7%) and fever (n = 147,59.3%) were the most prevalent symptoms. In the meta-analysis, fever (OR: 0.13,95% CI 0.05 to 0.36) and cough (0.26,95% CI 0.11 to 0.59) were lower in pregnant women with COVID-19 than non-pregnant women with COVID-19.195 (60.6%) delivered, and 125 (38.8%) remained pregnant during the study. Cesarean was reported in 99 (50.8%) women and vaginal delivery in 64 (32.8%). The main adverse obstetric outcome was premature birth (n = 37,18.9%). Thirty patients (10.3%) with COVID-19-related complications required intensive care, one (0.3%) died. SARS-CoV-2 was absent in breast milk, amniotic fluid, placenta or umbilical cord blood. CONCLUSIONS: The maternal clinical characteristics of COVID-19-positive pregnant include frequently fever and cough; however significantly less frequently than non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Iatrogenic preterm birth is the main adverse obstetric outcome. Current data does not support vertical transmission in the third trimester.

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PURPOSE: To provide a comprehensive overview of the perinatal and maternal outcomes of fetuses undergoing EXIT surgery for the management of fetal airway obstruction secondary to cervical or oral tumors. METHODS: A comprehensive search from inception to September 2018 was conducted on databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and LILACS. All studies that reported an EXIT surgery in singleton were considered eligible. A descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: Out of the 250 full-text study reports, 120 articles reporting 235 cases of EXIT surgery were included. EXIT surgery was performed at 35.1 weeks of gestation on average. The most frequent diagnosis was teratoma (46.4%, n = 109/235). There were 13 adverse maternal events, and the most frequent one was postpartum hemorrhage (4.7%, n = 11/235). No maternal death was reported. Fetal and neonatal death occurred in 17% (40/235) of the cases. There were 29 adverse fetal events (12.2%), and the most frequent one was the failure of intubation or tracheostomy (3.4%, n = 8/235). CONCLUSION: EXIT surgery could be considered for the management of an oral or cervical tumor that's highly suspicious of blocking the fetal airway. This systematic review reports that EXIT surgery poses substantial risks of maternal and fetal adverse events, including neonatal death. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV case series with no comparison group.

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Fetal ascites is defined as the presence of intraperitoneal fluid that may be part of a generalized or isolated hydrops. The mortality of non-immune ascites, both fetal and neonatal, is approximately 60%. We present a case of fetal ascites not associated with hydrops and we review the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approach and treatment of this fetal and neonatal condition.

La ascitis fetal se define como la presencia de líquido intraperitoneal que puede ser parte de un hidrops generalizado o aislado. La mortalidad de la ascitis no inmune, tanto fetal como neonatal, es aproximadamente 60%. Se presenta un caso de ascitis fetal no asociada a hidrops y se revisa la patogenia, clínica y el enfoque diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta condición fetal y neonatal.

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Placental chorioangioma is a non-trophoblastic benign tumor of rare presentation. It may be associated with complications of pregnancy when larger than 4 cm. We present the case of a pregnant adolescent with 25 weeks of gestation referred for prenatal management of a giant placental chorangioma that complicated pregnancy with hydramnios and severe fetal anemia. Fetoscopic laser ablation of the main nutrient vessel of the tumor was performed for the first time in Peru, which reversed complications and improved fetal prognosis.

El corioangioma placentario es una tumoración benigna no trofoblástica de muy rara presentación. Se asocia a complicaciones del embarazo cuando tiene dimensiones mayores a 4 cm. Se presenta el caso de una gestante adolescente de 25 semanas referida a nuestro servicio para manejo prenatal de un corioangioma placentario gigante que complicó el embarazo con polihidramnios y anemia fetal severa. Se realizó por primera vez en el Perú la ablación láser del vaso nutricio principal de la tumoración por fetoscopia, lo que logró revertir las complicaciones y mejorar el pronóstico fetal.