RESUMEN
Background/Aim: Hyperreactivity of the airways caused by inflammation in asthmatics is the most important pathophysiological change. It represents a suitable ground that in the presence of risk factors and the drivers of asthma, asthmatic attack occurs. Atopic constitution is one of the most important risk factors for the development and expression of asthma. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between nonspecific airway hyperreactivity and atopic constituton in asthmatics. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted considering the results of nonspecific bronchoprovocative test with histamine, skin tests to inhalant allergens and total IgE levels in the serum of asthmatic patients with controlled bronchial asthma. The sample consisted of 162 asthmatics examined during one-year period. Results: The examinees were male asthmatic patients, aged between 18 and 30 years. We found that the examinees with a pronounced non-specific hyperreactivity had more significant skin reaction to inhaled allergens and higher levels of total IgE in serum. Conclusion: The results of our study show that the intensity of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthmatics is directly related to atopic constitution.
Asunto(s)
Asma/fisiopatología , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/fisiopatología , Broncoconstricción , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/inmunología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/diagnóstico , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/inmunología , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial , Dermatitis Atópica/sangre , Dermatitis Atópica/diagnóstico , Histamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Pulmón/inmunología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Physical activity is a common stimulus of asthmatic symptoms manifestation. Airway hyperreactivity is a predisposing cause of exercise induced bronchial obstruction, diagnosed by histamine inhalation. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the amounts of histamine needed to induce non-specific airway hyperreactivity and exercise-induced bronchial obstruction. METHODS: This randomized cross-over study included 160 male patients (age 19-27 years) suffering from bronchial asthma who showed positive results as the reaction after the histamine bronchial provocation test. Histamine concentrations were in a range of 0.03 to 4 mg/mL. Each patient participated in the exercise stress test conducted on a conveyor belt. The results of the exercise stress test were considered positive if the FEV1 level dropped by at least 15% from its initial value, 5-10 minutes after the test. RESULTS: All the patients showed positive results as the reaction after the histamine bronchial provocation test, while 50 of them showed positive results after the exercise-induced stress test. There was a statistically highly significant difference in administrated histamine concentrations between the group of patients that had positive results on exercise stress test and those who did not (1 mg/mL vs 0.5 mg/mL; U = 1678; p < 0.01). Also, there was a statistically significant difference concerning the frequency of the positive results regarding histamine concentration after induced stress test (chi2 = 10.885; p = 0.001). Among the patients with positive results, there was a statistically highly significant number of patients with bronchial obstruction induced by less than 2 mg/mL of histamine (p < 0.01). A statistically significant relation between the amount of histamine needed to induce bronchial obstruction and the results of the exercise stress test (p < 0.01) was also observed after the testing. CONCLUSION: In the group of patients with positive results after the exercise-induced stress test, there were significantly more patients with positive results to non-specific bronchial provocation test with lower histamine concentrations. Histamine concentrations needed to induce non-specific hyperreactivity of asthmatic airway were shown to be related to the reactivity to physical effort.
Asunto(s)
Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/fisiopatología , Broncoconstricción/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Respiración , Adulto , Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial/métodos , Estudios Cruzados , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Histamina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bronchial carcinoids belong to a rare type of lung tumors. If they do not expose outstanding neuroendocrine activity, they develop without clearly visible symptoms. They are often detected during a routine examination. According to their clinical pathological features, they are divided into typical and atypical tumors. Typical bronchial carcinoids metastasize to distant organs very rarely. Localized forms are effectively treated by surgery. The methods of conservative treatment should be applied in other cases. CASE REPORT: We presented a 65-year-old patient with carcinoid lung tumor detected by a routine examination. Additional analysis (chest X-ray, computed tomography of the chest, ultrasound of the abdomen, skeletal scintigraphy, bronhoscopy, histopathological analysis of the bioptate of bronchial tumor, as well as bronchial brushing cytology and immunohistochemical staining performed with markers specific for neuroendocrine tumor) proved a morphologically typical lung carcinoid with dissemination to the liver and skeletal system, which is very rarely found in typical carcinoids. CONCLUSION: The presented case with carcinoid used to be showed morphological and pathohistological characteristics of typical bronchial carcinoid. With its metastasis to the liver and skeletal system it demonstrated unusual clinical course that used to be considered as rare phenomenon. Due to its frequent asymptomatic course and varied manifestation, bronchial carcinoid could be considered as a diagnostic challenge requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
Asunto(s)
Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Anciano , Tumor Carcinoide/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: K-ras oncogene is mutated in about 20% of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive significance for therapeutic response of K-ras mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: Bronchial aspirate samples were assessed prior to platinum-based chemotherapy start in 39 patients with stage IIIb or IV NSCLC. K-ras mutations at codons 12 and 13 were analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphisam (SSCP) and allele specific oligonucleozide hybridisation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the patient's DNA present in bronchial aspirate. After two cycles of chemotherapy the patients were subjected to response evaluation. RESULTS: Of 39 patients 10 (25.5%) demonstrated K-ras mutations, while 29 (74.4%) patients had not. There were no significant differences between these two groups of patients with respect to baseline patient caracteristics. Partial response to the therapy had 16 (41%), no changes 14 (36%), and progressive disease 9 (23%) patients. There was a tendency to higher response rate for patients without K-ras mutations versus those with mutations, but not statistically significant (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: There was no significant predictive value for therapeutic response of K-ras mutations for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.