RESUMEN
The authors present a summary of sadomasochism, its centrality in all pathology and the difficulties encountered by all analysts in working with sadomasochism. An integrative model is presented with determinants and manifestations from all phases of development, including the transmission of pathology between generations. Addiction to pain and the formation of hostile omnipotent beliefs are described as components of sadomasochism that explain how resistant sadomasochism is to change and growth. The emergent idea of two systems of self-regulation is presented and its utility for technique is described. Specific focus on developmental aspects offers therapists developmental markers they can use in clinical work.
Asunto(s)
Masoquismo , Sadismo , Humanos , Sadismo/psicología , Masoquismo/psicología , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
The authors apply a two-systems approach to demonstrate improved treatment possibilities and outcomes in this group of children and suggest that psychoanalysis can be defined as a multimodal strengths-based learning experience. Using clinical material from the analysis of an aggressive, "out-of-control" child, they discuss how these behaviors and symptoms are better understood as an actively constructed effort at self-regulation than as a deficiency in capacity or primitive, lagging development. They illustrate how a two-systems framework can allow for an expanded repertoire of techniques and reclaim psychoanalytic concepts that have fallen into disuse.
Asunto(s)
Agresión/psicología , Conducta Infantil/psicología , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Problema de Conducta/psicología , Psicoanálisis/métodos , Autocontrol/psicología , Niño , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
To address the neglect of the importance of parent work in the psychodynamic psychotherapy of children and adolescents, the authors present a model of concurrent dynamic parent work that has demonstrated success with patients of all ages. The model includes dual goals for all therapies, addresses the challenge of confidentiality by differentiating privacy and secrecy, and emphasizes the importance of parent work throughout treatment.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Padres/psicología , Psicoterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Niño , Conducta Infantil/psicología , Humanos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors suggest that Freud's concept of defense differentiated psychoanalysis from other medical and psychological theories of personality development and functioning then and now. Reclaiming the concept's centrality and linking it with interdisciplinary research findings, they illustrate their extension of defense into a two-system model of self-protection and self-regulation with a clinical example. The authors suggest that the two-system model allows for the reintegration of defense into a multidimensional psychoanalytic theory and multimodal therapeutic technique.
Asunto(s)
Mecanismos de Defensa , Teoría Freudiana/historia , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Psicoanálisis/historia , Teoría Psicoanalítica , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Inteligencia Emocional , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Trastornos Neuróticos/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Terapia Psicoanalítica/métodos , Procesos Psicoterapéuticos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Over the last ten years we have seen an increasing acceptance of the general idea of working with parents of child patients. What remains, however, as an area of controversy, conflict, and resistance, is the question of whether and how much therapists should or can work with the parents of adolescent patients. Questions cluster around how to maintain confidentiality and lead to the even larger issue of conceptualizing the developmental goals of the phase of adolescence. We see the major developmental tasks for both parents and adolescents as involving transformation of the self and the relationship, in the context of separateness rather than separation. If adolescent therapists work from the assumption that the goal of adolescence is transformation, concurrent work with parents and adolescents will move them all into a new level of relationship. Without concomitant change in parents, it is doubly hard for adolescents to progress into adulthood. In this paper we offer clinical material from five older adolescents and their parents to illustrate the techniques that follow from our model of dynamic concurrent parent work throughout the phases of treatment. Using the tasks of the therapeutic alliance as a conceptual framework, we describe working toward the dual goals of restoration to the path of progressive development and restoration of the parent-child relationship. We pay particular attention to the unfolding of conflicts between closed-system omnipotent functioning and open-system reality mastery, and the role offathers in late-adolescent development.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Familiar/métodos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Padres/psicología , Terapia Psicoanalítica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Two of the editors of The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child converse with authors Kerry Kelly Novick and Jack Novick, Ph.D., about their paper "Concurrent Work with Parents of Adolescent Patients." Highlights include the authors' stated goal of restoring a positive relationship to the teen-parent bond, a new extension of the work of analysis with adolescents, the transference-countertransference complexities when the same analyst works with both adolescent and parents, and the uses of the term transformation--its traditional meaning in the developmental process of the individual and the authors' conceptualization of the term in their adolescent-parent treatment paradigm.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Familiar/métodos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Terapia Psicoanalítica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
D.W. Winnicott wrote, "One analyst cannot have enough cases to cover all contingencies..." (1958, p. 123). He was referring to the fact that any one analyst has a relatively small number of cases at any one time or even over a lifetime. He was talking then about termination, but his point applies to any issues. here we are grateful for detailed account of a case that offers to all of us additional experience of the successes and challenges of our work.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Interprofesionales , Relaciones Profesional-Familia , Terapia Psicoanalítica/normas , Adulto , Afecto/fisiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The concept of "emotional muscle" arose from clinical work in relation to therapeutic impasse and as a criterion for moving toward a "good goodbye. "It was applied to work at Allen Creek Preschool, a non-profit psychoanalytic school in Ann Arbor, Michigan, dedicated to the emotional and cognitive growth of families and their children from 0-6 years of age. The idea of building emotional muscle makes immediate intuitive sense to parents, children, teachers, therapists, and patients. It is a bridge between the abstract concepts and findings of developmental researchers and the everyday practicalities of family life, school, and the consulting room. The concept of "emotional muscle" promotes multidisciplinary understanding of personality structure and growth and contributes to the use of multi-modal therapeutic techniques.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Emociones/fisiología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Terapia Psicoanalítica/métodos , Resiliencia Psicológica , Adulto , Preescolar , HumanosRESUMEN
Out of our work over the years on child development, clinical technique, and sadomasochism, we have begun to formulate a model of development that describes two possible ways of responding to feelings of helplessness in the face of the challenges of internal and external experience. Any psychoanalytic model has implications for how we think about technique and can be tested on the basis of its utility in generating technical ideas and enhancing our therapeutic repertoire. At this juncture in the history of our field, it is crucial for us to demonstrate that psychoanalytic techniques are effective in helping people enter treatment, change, and finish in a way that consolidates their gains. In this paper we explore the utility of our two-systems model for expanding the discourse about psychoanalytic technique.