RESUMEN
AIM: To determine the effect of implementing a clinical pathway, using evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, for the emergency care of children and adolescents with asthma. METHODS: A prospective, before-after, controlled trial was conducted, which included patients aged 1-18 years who had acute exacerbations of asthma treated in a tertiary care paediatric emergency department. Data were collected for identical 2-month seasonal periods before and after implementation of the clinical pathway to determine hospitalisation rate and other outcomes. For 2 weeks after emergency visits, the rate at which patients returned to emergency care for worsening asthma was evaluated. A multidisciplinary panel, using national guidelines and a systematic review, developed the pathway. RESULTS: 267 patients were studied. The rate of hospitalisation was significantly lower in the post-implementation group (10/74; 13.5%) than in the pre-implementation control group (53/193; 27.5%; p = 0.02; number needed to treat 7.1). All reduction in hospitalisation occurred in children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbation. After implementation of the clinical pathway, the rate of administration of oral corticosteroids to patients with moderate or severe exacerbations increased from 71% to 92% (p = 0.01), and significantly more patients received beta2-agonists in the first hour (p = 0.02). No significant change in relapse to acute care occurred within 2 weeks (p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: An evidence-based clinical pathway for children and adolescents with moderate to severe exacerbations of acute asthma markedly decreases their rate of hospitalisation without increased return to emergency care.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores , Vías Clínicas/organización & administración , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/organización & administración , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Aguda , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Vías Clínicas/normas , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estudios ProspectivosAsunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/enzimología , DDT/efectos adversos , Peces/fisiología , Hexoquinasa/metabolismo , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hexoquinasa/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Randomly selected AASECT members who reported that they conduct sex therapy (N = 289) responded to a questionnaire about their sex therapy caseloads. Desire discrepancies between partners was the most common problem (31%). Least commonly reported problems were vaginismus (5%), ejaculatory inhibition (5%), and primary erectile dysfunction (2%). Highest success rates (client satisfaction with sexual functioning) were for premature ejaculation (62%), secondary orgasmic dysfunction (56%), and desire discrepancies (53%). Primary erectile dysfunctions had the lowest success rate (25%). The most commonly used treatment methods were a focus on communication skills, general sex education, homework assignments, and a focus on the sexual interaction; sensate focus, and the discussion of nonsexual individual and/or relationship issues also were quite commonly used. From a discriminant function analysis, the combined Therapists and Multiple-certified provider groups reported focusing on sexual interactions more than the combined Counselors and Educators; the Educators were the least likely providers to use a focus either on sexual interactions or on homework assignments. The Counselors were the most likely, and the Educators the least likely, to use communication skills. Therapists and the Multiple-certified providers estimated higher treatment success rates than Counselors and Educators for premature ejaculation, secondary erectile dysfunction, vaginismus, primary orgasmic dysfunction, sexual avoidance, ejaculatory inhibition, and sexual arousal problems. The Educators were the least successful with dyspareunia. Educators and Counselors were similar in reporting the fewest clients with sexual arousal problems. Therapists and Multiple-certified providers reported spending more treatment hours with desire discrepancies and desire problems. The implications of the findings for clinical practitioners and researchers are discussed.