RESUMEN
A study was conducted at two beaches on Lake Erie to evaluate the water sampling design for the collection of several microbiological indicator organisms in relation to day, time, and location of collection. The concentrations of these organisms were generally found to vary significantly (P less than 0.05) by the specific time of day and day of weekend that collection took place. However, the concentrations of these organisms did not vary significantly (P greater than 0.05) at various locations in the bathing area. Future studies investigating the health effects of recreational water as related to microbiological variables should be designed to collect water samples at the specific time of day and day of weekend that an individual was exposed. In addition, sampling at various locations in the bathing area should probably be considered for those beaches having poor dispersion of fecal waste sources.
Asunto(s)
Playas , Técnicas Microbiológicas/normas , Microbiología del Agua , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Agua Dulce , Ohio , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Rabia/diagnóstico , Aerosoles , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Perros , Etiopía , Europa (Continente) , Zorros/inmunología , Cobayas , Humanos , Inmunidad Activa , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Ratones , Minnesota , Rabia/epidemiología , Rabia/etiología , Rabia/inmunología , Rabia/microbiología , Rabia/mortalidad , Rabia/transmisión , Vacunas Antirrábicas/efectos adversos , Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Virus de la Rabia/aislamiento & purificación , Mapaches , Ratas , Estrés Fisiológico/complicaciones , Porcinos/inmunología , TailandiaRESUMEN
Mumps virions of the Enders' strain were examined for polymerase activity in vitro. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was found to be associated with the virion. The general properties of the reaction appear to be similar to those described for other paramyxoviruses.
Asunto(s)
ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN/metabolismo , Virus de la Parotiditis/enzimología , Adenosina Trifosfato , Centrifugación Zonal , Nucleótidos de Citosina , Nucleótidos de Guanina , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Magnesio , Temperatura , Nucleótidos de UraciloAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Monos/etiología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/veterinaria , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Femenino , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Monos/congénito , Enfermedades de los Monos/inmunología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/veterinaria , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/etiología , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/inmunología , Virus de la Rubéola/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
ARN Viral/análisis , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN/análisis , Retroviridae/análisis , Virus Satélites/análisis , Animales , Línea Celular , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Sistema Libre de Células , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , ADN Viral/biosíntesis , Haplorrinos , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/análisis , Magnesio/farmacología , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Radioisótopos de Fósforo , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN/metabolismo , Retroviridae/enzimología , Ribonucleasas/farmacología , Sarcoma Experimental , Virus Satélites/enzimología , Piel , Moldes Genéticos , Tritio , Cultivo de VirusAsunto(s)
Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/inmunología , Anticuerpos/análisis , Femenino , Feto/microbiología , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/prevención & control , Vacuna contra la Rubéola , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Aborto Terapéutico , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán) , Artritis/etiología , Células Cultivadas , Embrión de Mamíferos/microbiología , Femenino , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Embarazo , Recurrencia , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/sangre , Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán)/complicaciones , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificación , Manifestaciones Cutáneas , Articulación de la MuñecaAsunto(s)
Cuerpos de Inclusión Viral , Glomérulos Renales/microbiología , Síndrome Nefrótico/microbiología , Orthomyxoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos/análisis , Antígenos/análisis , Membrana Basal , Biopsia , Pruebas de Fijación del Complemento , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Glomérulos Renales/patología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/patología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Virus de la Parotiditis/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome Nefrótico/patología , Paramyxoviridae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Mumps virus was grown in embryonated chicken eggs in the presence of radioactive seleno-((75)Se)-methionine. Virus in the allantoic and amniotic fluids was concentrated in a sucrose density gradient, and a peak of viral material coincided with a significant peak of (75)Se-radioactivity. The radioactivity was acid-insoluble and remained associated with the virus after purification by erythrocyte adsorption and elution and centrifugation on a second sucrose density gradient. After amino-acid hydrolysis of the radioactive virus, only (75)Se-methionine was recovered by chromatographic analysis. These results demonstrate that the radioactive (75)Se-methionine was incorporated into protein of infectious mumps virus.
Asunto(s)
Metionina/metabolismo , Virus de la Parotiditis/metabolismo , Radioisótopos , Selenio , Adsorción , Líquido Amniótico , Animales , Líquidos Corporales , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , Embrión de Pollo , Pollos , Cromatografía en Papel , Eritrocitos , Membranas Extraembrionarias , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Virus de la Parotiditis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virus de la Parotiditis/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Parotiditis/patogenicidad , Neuraminidasa , Sacarosa , Vibrio/enzimología , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Replicación ViralAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Técnicas de Cultivo , ADN/biosíntesis , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , ARN/biosíntesis , Animales , Línea Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , Conjuntiva , Cricetinae , Embrión de Mamíferos , Humanos , Riñón , Ratones , Factores de Tiempo , TritioRESUMEN
Puromycin and actinomycin D were used to treat a line of human conjunctiva cells persistently infected with mumps virus (C-M cells) in order to determine where virus synthesis is inhibited. Although 90% of the cells in C-M cultures are infected, little or no infectious virus is produced by most cells in a growing culture. Adding puromycin to inhibit protein synthesis resulted in the production of infectious virus. Thus, all the viral proteins needed for virus completion were made in the growing cells. When actinomycin D was added to growing cells, infectious virus was again produced. Since mumps virus synthesis is actinomycin D-insensitive, this suggested a host control of the virus. Interferon was not detected. The possible mechanisms of host control are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Dactinomicina/farmacología , Virus de la Parotiditis/efectos de los fármacos , Puromicina/farmacología , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono , Línea Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular/microbiología , Conjuntiva , Humanos , Interferones/análisis , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , ARN/biosíntesis , Tritio , Uridina/metabolismo , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
A new diluent (ADGP) for the rubella virus hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests is described. It was found that the HA and HI titers and the erythrocyte agglutination pattern were improved in ADGP compared to previously described diluents. The influence of the components of ADGP and of various test conditions on optimal HA and HI results were examined.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Virus de la Rubéola/inmunología , Animales , Cloruro de Calcio , Pollos , Eritrocitos , Gelatina , Glucosa , Magnesio , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Cloruro de Sodio , SolucionesRESUMEN
Three hundred and fifty-six bone marrow tissues obtained from patients of a general hospital were tested for spontaneous production after cultivation in vitro of interferon-like substances (ILS). Seventeen percent of the tissues produced ILS that protected human, but not chick, embryo cell cultures against the cytopathic effects of challenge virus infection. The incidence of ILS did not correlate with leukemia or other neoplastic diseases, or with any non-neoplastic disease.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Interferones/biosíntesis , Humanos , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Walker, Duard L. (University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison), Ping-Ping Chang, Robert L. Northrop, and Harry C. Hinze. Persistent, noncytocidal viral infection: nonsynchrony of viral and cellular multiplication. J. Bacteriol. 92:983-989. 1966.-In cultures of human conjunctive cells persistently infected with mumps virus (C-M cultures), the degree to which viral multiplication is linked to cell multiplication was examined. First, cell multiplication was inhibited. This resulted in a 10-fold increase in virus-excreting cells in the culture and an 80-fold increase in virus in the medium as compared with vigorously growing control cultures. Second, by use of elevated incubation temperature, virus multiplication was inhibited without slowing multiplication of the cells, and uninfected cells that appeared in the culture were protected by virus antiserum. This resulted in accumulation of antigen-free cells and, in one experiment, in elimination of the virus. Evidence indicated that uninfected cells accumulated as a result of dilution of virus by repeated cell divisions, but not as a result of selection of uninfected cells. These data indicate that viral multiplication in the C-M system is not closely linked to cell multiplication and that each can proceed at a rate different from the other.