RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of REGγ, p53, MDM-2, Bcl-2, and Bax in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters. Fifty-eight OTSCC cases were selected for the study. The percentages of nuclear (REGγ, p53, and MDM-2) and cytoplasmic (Bcl-2 and Bax) staining in epithelial cells were determined and correlated with clinicopathological parameters (regional lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, clinical outcome, and histopathological grade of malignancy). Expression of REGγ was observed in all cases studied. Significantly lower percentages were observed in tumours with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.036) and in high-grade tumours (P = 0.013). No significant differences in p53, MDM-2, or Bax expression were observed according to the clinicopathological parameters. Lower percentages of Bcl-2 staining were found in high-grade OTSCC (P = 0.040) and in cases of disease-related death (P = 0.032). The expression of REGγ showed a weak positive correlation with the expression of MDM-2 (P = 0.001) and Bcl-2 (P = 0.014). The results of this study suggest that lower expression of REGγ may contribute to the progression of OTSCC. The role of REGγ in the development of OTSCC does not appear to be primarily related to the modulation of apoptosis in neoplastic cells.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Lengua , Apoptosis , Autoantígenos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Queilitis/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Labios/metabolismo , Adulto , Carcinogénesis/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Queilitis/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de los Labios/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological grade of malignancy in a series of lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs) using three histopathological grading systems (invasive front grading system, World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, and histological risk assessment), and to correlate this with clinical parameters (tumour size/extent, regional lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage). Haematoxylin-eosin-stained histological sections obtained from 59 cases of LLSCC were analyzed by light microscopy. Grading of the invasive tumour front showed a significant association between low grade of malignancy and the absence of regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.030) and initial clinical stage (P=0.043). No significant associations were observed between the clinical parameters analyzed and the WHO system (P>0.05). Using the risk assessment, a highly significant association was observed between the risk score and regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.004) and clinical stage (P=0.002). In addition, the lymphocytic infiltrate was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.017) and clinical stage (P=0.040). The results of the present study suggest that, among the histopathological grading systems evaluated, the histological risk assessment is the best option to predict the biological behaviour of LLSCCs.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de los Labios/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica , Pronóstico , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIM: To determine the prevalence of hyaline ring granulomas (HRGs) in a large case series of inflammatory odontogenic cysts, and to investigate the nature of these structures. METHODOLOGY: All records from the patients diagnosed with inflammatory odontogenic cysts between January 1970 and April 2009 were reviewed. Histologic sections were evaluated by light microscopy and cases with HRGs for which sufficient biological material was available were submitted to histochemical analysis (Masson's trichrome) and immunohistochemistry (CD34, CD68 and collagen IV). RESULTS: Twenty-two (3.3%) of the 661 cases of inflammatory odontogenic cysts diagnosed during the study period presented HRGs. The relative frequency of HRGs was higher amongst residual radicular cysts (6.1%), followed by paradental cysts (5.6%) and radicular cysts (3.0%). HRGs appeared as roughly circular homogeneous/fibrillar masses in 14 (63.6%) cases and as round structures enclosing amorphous material in 3 (13.6%) cases. Most (77.8%) roughly circular homogeneous/fibrillar masses were positive for collagen, whereas all (100.0%) round structures enclosing amorphous material were negative for this protein. Immunohistochemistry showed that most mononucleated cells and all multinucleated giant cells were positive for CD68, but negative for CD34, in all cases. In addition, collagen IV immunostaining was negative in amorphous structures and weakly positive in homogeneous/fibrillar masses. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest a very low frequency of HRGs in inflammatory odontogenic cysts and support the hypothesis that these structures arise from the implantation of foreign material, most likely food particles of plant or vegetable origin. The diverse microscopic features of HRG possibly represent different developmental stages of this structure.
Asunto(s)
Granuloma de Cuerpo Extraño/patología , Hialina/química , Quistes Odontogénicos/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD/análisis , Antígenos CD34/análisis , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/análisis , Compuestos Azo , Calcinosis/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Colágeno/análisis , Colágeno Tipo IV/análisis , Colorantes , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS) , Femenino , Células Gigantes/patología , Humanos , Macrófagos/patología , Masculino , Verde de Metilo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quiste Periodontal/patología , Quiste Radicular/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Brazil is one of the most important countries as a producer and exporter of cattle and poultry. In 2009 cattle accounted for 30% of the export market and 41.4% for poultry meat. The Brazilian National Residues and Contaminants Control Plan (PNCRC) follows the guidelines set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and checks compliance maximum residue limits (MRLs) to ensure the quality of these commodities. Kidney samples (n = 2978) were analysed between January 2008 and December 2009. Fifteen antibiotics of the macrolide and aminoglycoside groups (clindamycin, eritromycin, lincomycin, tylmicosin, tylosin, amikacin, apramycin, dihydrostreptomycin, gentamycin, higromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin) were determined by a microbiological screening method (FAST) and confirmed/quantified using liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS). In 2008, 1459 samples were analysed by a screening test and liquid chromatography with only one sample (0.07%) exceeded Brazilian legislation limits (>MRL). In 2009, 1519 samples were analysed and none exceeding Brazilian legislation limits (>MRL). The slaughterhouses of 16 states were monitored during the year of 2008, and 18 states were monitored in 2009, being the major producing states most sampled by the PNCRC.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/análisis , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Carne/análisis , Aminoglicósidos/análisis , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos , Cromatografía Liquida , Contaminación de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Caballos , Macrólidos/análisis , Aves de Corral , Sus scrofa , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Factores de Tiempo , Drogas Veterinarias/análisisRESUMEN
A multi-residue method for the determination of the ß-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, cefazolin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, penicillin V and the tetracyclines chlotetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline was optimised and validated in bovine muscle. The method is based on the extraction of the residues from muscle using water/acetonitrile (2/8, v/v) with subsequent use of dispersive solid-phase C18 and hexane for purification. Extracts were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) coupled with the mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionisation mode (ESI+) for all analytes. The method was validated according to the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The validation results were obtained within the MRL range of 0-1.5 of the MRL, with recoveries varying from 90% to 110% and CV < 20% (n = 54), except for cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and nafcillin. However, matrix interference was observed. The decision limit (CCα) ranged from 10% to 15% of the MRL. The uncertainty measurement was estimated based on both bottom-up and top-down strategies and the uncertainty values were found to be lower than 20% of the MRL. The method has a simple extraction procedure whereby analytes are separated with reasonable resolutions in a single 11-min chromatographic run. According to the validation results, this method is suitable for monitoring ß-lactams and tetracyclines according to National Program for Residue and Contaminant Control - Brazil (NPRC-Brazil) in bovine muscle.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Carne/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Tetraciclina/análisis , beta-Lactamas/análisis , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Límite de Detección , Músculos/química , Drogas Veterinarias/análisisRESUMEN
PremiTest, a microbial inhibition test for the screening of antimicrobial residues, was validated according to the criteria established by Decision 2002/657/EC. Sensitivity, detection capability (CCß), specificity, selectivity, robustness and applicability were evaluated. The methodology involves the technique of solvent extraction, which increases the detection capability of the test for a wider range of antibiotics. The following CCß values in poultry muscle were found: penicillin G ≤ 12.5 µg kg(-1), total sulfonamides ≤ 75 µg kg(-1), erythromycin 75 µg kg(-1) and lincomycin 50 µg kg(-1). The detection capability of chlortetracycline was equal to its maximum residue limit (100 µg kg(-1)) and the method did not detect gentamicin (1000 µg kg(-1)), for which no MRL is established in poultry muscle. Specificity evaluated in relation to different analytes and matrices did not detect any interferences in the tests results; whilst the robustness showed that the pH neutralisation point of the extract affects the analytical results and the kits' performance. Only the screening of tetracyclines requires the analysis of extracts without pH neutralisation. The results of the validation process showed that this method is acceptable for screening ß-lactam, sulfonamide and macrolide antimicrobial groups in the National Residues and Contaminants Control Programme (PNCRC), and that for this it is fit for purpose.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/análisis , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Carne/análisis , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Animales , Brasil , Contaminación de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Geobacillus stearothermophilus/efectos de los fármacos , Límite de Detección , Técnicas Microbiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Músculos/química , Aves de Corral , Solventes , Drogas Veterinarias/análisisRESUMEN
A variety of injectable permanent fillers have been used in orofacial tissues for cosmetic purposes. Most of these substances seem to be well tolerated but adverse reactions have been reported. Foreign body granulomas are a rare adverse reaction to injectable permanent fillers. The authors report the unusual case of a 56-year-old woman with a foreign body granuloma located exclusively in the oral cavity that was due to injection of a permanent filler.