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The passive stay apparatus works by blocking flexion of the knee and tarsus joints in the horse, preventing muscle fatigue. During ambulation, if this mechanism fails to release, the animal will present upward fixation of the patella, which in severe cases, can only be treated by medial patellar desmotomy (MPD). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible electromyographic and behavioral changes, after the impairment of the passive stay apparatus, in horses who have undergone MPD surgery. Five horses presenting dorsal fixation of the patella underwent electromyographic measurements at preoperatively and immediately postoperatively, 24 h, seven, 14 and 21 days after surgery. The samples were collected on a computerized surface electromyograph designed in accordance with the standards of international society of electrophysiology and kinesiology (ISEK). To capture the signals, electrodes positioned on the tensor fasciae lata, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were used, bilaterally. These muscles were chosen due to their participation in the passive stay apparatus. The electromyographic signals were collected and processed using a software calibrated to collect data with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz per channel. The collections took place over 60 min periods, and the results were obtained from the root means square (RMS) analysis. It was noted that the preoperative average of rest in tripedal support was 62%. On the other hand, change in weight bearing member and rest in three limbs in the postoperative period did not occur. This inability to maintain tripedal support in the postoperative period prevents the horse from resting while standing. Furthermore, there was a gradual increase in the need for post-surgical muscle recruitment, resulting in long periods of decubitus due to muscle fatigue, which is less than ideal for such large animals. Therefore, it was concluded that the animals submitted to medial patellar desmotomy, in this study, presented an inability to maintain tripedal support, in addition to a greater need for recruitment of muscle fibers, evidenced by the gradual increase in the electromyographic tracing and total RMS value of the muscles evaluated.

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The use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) to spray pesticides currently occurs, but knowledge about this technology is lacking due to the different locations, targets, and products applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of Urochloa decumbens with glyphosate applied using an RPA (10 L ha-1) equipped with different spray nozzles (XR 11001 and AirMix 11001). For the purpose of comparison, ground application was also performed (100 L ha-1). The deposition was evaluated by means of the quantification of a tracer by spectrophotometry, the droplet spectrum was evaluated with water-sensitive paper, and the control efficiency was evaluated based on visual measurements with percentage scores. Statistical process control was used to analyse the quality of the deposition in the area. The results showed that the application via RPA presented a greater amount of tracer on the leaves than the ground application, suggesting that the former is a good option for application, even providing a lower coverage and number of droplets per area. Both application methods were effective at controlling Urochloa decumbens. The nozzles showed potential for use in applications, with control efficiency higher than 84% from 21 days after application. The percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm in the applications was less than 5%. No nonrandom behaviour was observed during deposition, indicating a high-quality process.

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We conducted two experiments to evaluate the growth of mango (Mangifera indica L., CV Coquinho) rootstock in different substrates and determine the optimal concentration of poultry litter amendments to the soil in combination with seeds with or without an endocarp endocarp. The following factors were studied in the first experiment: substrate source: soil, soil + poultry litter (at 25%) and a commercial substrate. In the second experiment, we studied poultry litter amendments at 0% (just soil), 20% and 40%. Both experiments evaluated the presence or absence of the seed endocarp on: plant height, stem diameter (tree base) and leaf count at 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). After conducting field measurements, we evaluated fresh shoot weight (FW) and then dry shoot weight (DW) after drying at 65°C. No significant differences among the substrate sources or concentrations of poultry litter amendments relative to rootstock development. However, rootstock produced from seeds with no endocarps outperformed all other treatments.

Com o intuito de avaliar o desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) 'Coquinho', em diferentes fontes de substratos e determinar a concentração ideal de cama de frango na adição ao solo em combinação com a semente na presença ou ausência do endocarpo, foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro, foram estudados os seguintes fatores: fonte de substrato empregada: solo, solo + cama de frango a 25% e substrato comercial. No segundo, estudou-se a adição de cama de frango ao solo nas seguintes proporções de 0% (apenas solo), 20% e 40%. Ambos em relação à presença ou ausência do endocarpo na semente. As características avaliadas foram: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule na altura do colo e número de folhas e efetuadas aos 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Ao término das mensurações de campo, procedeu-se a pesagem da parte aérea das plantas para obtenção da massa fresca (MF) e posteriormente sua secagem em estufa a 65°C para determinação da massa seca (MS). Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre os substratos ou entre as concentrações de cama de frango. Entretanto, os porta-enxertos produzidos a partir de sementes sem a presença do endocarpo demonstraram maior desenvolvimento em relação aos demais com endocarpo.

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BACKGROUND: Aging increases the risk of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, leading to changes in cardiovascular anatomy and physiology even in the absence of other comorbidities. Numerous cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), can modify the functional and structural properties of large vessels, increasing arterial stiffness. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elderly patients with hypertension with DM have greater central arterial stiffness than elderly patients with SAH without DM. METHODS: The Study of Pulse Wave Velocity in the Elderly in an Urban Area in Brazil (EVOPIU) included 1,192 patients aged ≥ 60 years who underwent applanation tonometry (AT) to evaluate carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). From this database, 1,133 patients were selected from 6 groups: NDN (nondiabetic normotensives; n: 127); DN (diabetic normotensives; n: 64); NDCH (nondiabetic controlled hypertensives; n: 168); DCH (diabetic controlled hypertensives; n: 275); NDH (nondiabetic hypertensives; n: 217) and DH (diabetic hypertensives; n: 282). All groups underwent AT to obtain cfPWV and central and peripheral arterial pressures. RESULTS: The pulse wave velocities found were as follows: NDN vs DN (8.9 ± 0.2 m/s vs 9.4 ± 0.2; P = .103); NDCH vs DCH (9.0 ± 0.2 m/s vs. 9.6 ± 0.1 m/s; P= .04) and NDH vs DH (9.2 ± 0.1 m/s vs. 9.6 ± 0.1 m/s; P= .045). When the diabetic groups were compared, there were no differences in cfPWV values, and the same occurred when the nondiabetic groups were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension have greater central arterial stiffness than patients without diabetes and hypertension, regardless of systemic blood pressure control. The central arterial stiffness caused by vascular aging seems to be a common factor among all the studied groups.

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OBJECTIVE: To correlate the nutritional status with variables associated to the type of diet and feeding route of children and adolescents with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 28 patients aged ≤13 years old who presented a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegic CP and were followed by the nutrition team of the Outpatient Clinic for Special Patients of Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU), between July/2016 and January/2017. Consent forms were signed by the legal guardians. The nutritional status was evaluated and data on dietary complications food route and type of diet were collected. For the description of data, average and median values were used. Correlation was tested with Spearman's index. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: 75% of patients used alternative feeding routes (nasoenteral, catheter or gastrostomy), 57% were eutrophic. The most frequent complications were oropharyngeal dysphagia, reflux and intestinal constipation. No correlation was found between the occurrence of complications and the nutritional status. There was a positive correlation between the diet received and the patient's nutritional status (0.48; p=0.01), i.e. individuals with adequate caloric and macronutrients intake had a better nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: The results reinforce the need for continued nutritional guidance for the children's parents/caregivers, as well as the choice of an adequate rout of feeding to each child by the multi-professional team, in order to contribute to improved nutritional status and adequate dietary intake.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the nutritional status with variables associated to the type of diet and feeding route of children and adolescents with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 28 patients aged ≤13 years old who presented a diagnosis of spastic quadriplegic CP and were followed by the nutrition team of the Outpatient Clinic for Special Patients of Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU), between July/2016 and January/2017. Consent forms were signed by the legal guardians. The nutritional status was evaluated and data on dietary complications food route and type of diet were collected. For the description of data, average and median values were used. Correlation was tested with Spearman's index. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 75% of patients used alternative feeding routes (nasoenteral, catheter or gastrostomy), 57% were eutrophic. The most frequent complications were oropharyngeal dysphagia, reflux and intestinal constipation. No correlation was found between the occurrence of complications and the nutritional status. There was a positive correlation between the diet received and the patient's nutritional status (0.48; p=0.01), i.e. individuals with adequate caloric and macronutrients intake had a better nutritional status. Conclusions: The results reinforce the need for continued nutritional guidance for the children's parents/caregivers, as well as the choice of an adequate rout of feeding to each child by the multi-professional team, in order to contribute to improved nutritional status and adequate dietary intake.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar o estado nutricional com variáveis associadas ao tipo de dieta e via de alimentação de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) tetraparética espástica. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal com 28 pacientes com idade ≤13 anos, atendidos pela equipe de nutrição do Ambulatório de Pacientes Especiais do Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HC-UFU), entre julho de 2016 e janeiro de 2017, que apresentavam diagnóstico de PC tetraparética espástica. Os pacientes incluídos tiveram o termo de consentimento assinado pelo responsável legal. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional e coletaram-se dados sobre complicações alimentares, via de alimentação e tipo de dieta. Para descrição desses dados, foram utilizadas média e mediana; para análises de correlação, correlação de Spearman, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Neste estudo, 75% dos pacientes utilizavam via alternativa para alimentação (sonda nasoenteral ou gastrostomia) e 57% eram eutróficos. As complicações mais frequentes foram disfagia orofaríngea, refluxo e obstipação intestinal. Não houve correlação entre ocorrência de complicações e estado nutricional. Observou-se correlação positiva entre dieta recebida e estado nutricional dos pacientes (0,48; p=0,01), sendo que indivíduos com adequada ingestão calórica e de macronutrientes apresentaram melhor classificação do estado nutricional. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos reforçam a necessidade de orientações nutricionais contínuas para os pais/cuidadores das crianças do estudo, bem como a escolha de uma via de alimentação adequada a cada uma delas pela equipe multiprofissional, a fim de contribuir para a melhora do estado nutricional e da ingestão alimentar.

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Avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de pontos de venda (PV) e analisar a qualidade microbiológica de alimentos de rua comercializados por vendedores ambulantes localizados no Campus Umuarama, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram investigados no estudo os PV de dez vendedores ambulantes e amostras de alimentos de rua por eles comercializadas. Uma ficha de inspeção higiênico-sanitária (FIHS) foi aplicada nos PV de alimentos antes e três meses após realização de capacitação em boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) de alimentos para os vendedores ambulantes. Alimentos de rua adquiridos nos PV investigados foram analisados para coliformes totais e fecais e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Na primeira aplicação da FIHS, 9/10 PV inspecionados foram classificados como ruim (<50% de itens em adequação); um PV apresentou classificação regular (51-75% de adequação), e nenhum PV foi classificado como bom (>75% adequação). Na segunda aplicação da FIHS, 4/10 PV foram classificados como regular, e seis PV continuaram sendo classificados como ruim. Nenhum PV foi classificado como bom. Todas as amostras de alimentos apresentaram contagem de coliformes totais e fecais <3NMP/g de alimento e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva <10UFC/g, ou seja, valores abaixo da faixa de referência dos métodos. Apesar da inadequação higiênico-sanitária dos PV, a prática de rápida comercialização adotada pelos manipuladores dificultou a contaminação microbiológica dos alimentos de rua. Em adição, independentemente do nível de escolaridade e da condição sócioeconômica dos manipuladores, a capacitação em BPF melhorou a condição higiênico-sanitária dos PV, contribuindo para a segurança alimentar e nutricional dos usuários.

To assess the hygienic-sanitary conditions of selling points (SP) and analyze the microbiological quality of street foods sold by street vendors located in the Campus Umuarama, Federal University of Uberlândia. Ten SP of hawkers and street food samples marketed by them, were investigated in the study. A hygienic-sanitary inspection questionnaire (HSIQ) was applied to the food SP before and three months after training course of good manufacturing practices (GMP) for food hawkers. The street foods purchased were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms and Staphylococcus coagulase positive. In the first application of HSIQ, 9/10 SP inspected were classified as poor (<50% of items in adequacy), one SP presented regular classification (51-75% adequacy), and no SP was classified as good (>75 % adequacy). In the second application of the HSIQ, 4/10 SP were classified as regular, and six SP remained classified as poor. No SP was classified as good. All food samples had counts of total and fecal coliforms <3NMP/g food and Staphylococcus coagulase positive <10UFC/g, in other words, values below the reference range of methods. Despite the hygienic-sanitary inadequacy of SP, the practice of rapid sales adopted by food handlers in SP difficult microbiological contamination of street foods. In addition, regardless of education level and socioeconomic status of food handlers, GMP training improved hygienic-sanitary condition of SP, contributing to food security and nutrition of the users.

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Envenenamentos com serpentes do gênero Bothrops podem causar sequelas no local da picada, que não são revertidas mesmo após o tratamento com soro antiofídico. A incubação do extrato aquoso de Hedychium coronarium (Zingeberaceae) com a peçonha da serpente Bothrops pauloensis em diferentes concentrações foi capaz de inibir a atividade coagulante. No presente trabalho ajustou-se um modelo de regressão entre níveis de concentração de extrato e tempo de coagulação (segundos). O modelo ajustado conseguiu captar cerca 96 % da variação total do tempo de coagulação.

Envenomations with snakes Bothrops genus can cause dependency at the sting site, which are not reversed even after treatment with snake antivenoms. Incubation of the aqueous extract of Hedychium coronarium (Zingeberaceae) with snake venom Bothrops pauloensis in different concentrations was able to inhibit some enzymatic activities. This work has set a model of regression between concentrations of extract and clotting time (seconds). The adjusted model has captured about 96% of the total variation of clotting time

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O estudo dos invertebrados que habitam o solo é importante para a compreensão do funcionamento dessas complexas comunidades e também o que ocorre nos ambientes que são modificados por ações humanas. Tanto microorganismos, quanto animais invertebrados são responsáveis por inúmeras funções no solo, como por exemplo a decomposição e ciclagem de nutrientes, fragmentação do material vegetal, regulação de comunidade microbiana, dentre outras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar intervalos de confiança para a proporção de insetos encontrados nos ambientes estudados, identificar quais as principais ordens foram capturadas por meio da armadilha do tipo "pitfall" e assim compará-las em ambientes distintos: zona urbana com vegetação de gramíneas e zona rural. As principais ordens encontradas foram: Hymenoptera, Acari, Araneae, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Collembola, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Larva de Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanura, Neuroptera e Coleoptera nos meses de Setembro e Novembro de 2007. Observou-se pelos intervalos que a ordem de maior proporção nos dois ambientes foi a Hymenoptera, seguida da Acari na zona urbana e por Collembola e da Coleoptera na zona rural. Através da estimação intervalar pôde-se constatar as diferenças entre esses ambientes e como ocorre a interferência humana sobre a fauna de solo.

The study of invertebrates that inhabit the soil is very important to understand the functioning of complex communities and also what occurs in environments that are modified by human actions. Both microorganisms and invertebrates are responsible for numerous functions in the soil, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, fragmentation of organic matter, regulation of the microbial community. This research aimed to estimate confidence intervals for the proportion of insects found in the study sites, identify the main orders were taken by pitfall traps and thus to compare them in different environments: urban area with grass and countryside Acari, Araneae, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Orthoptera, Thysanura, Coleoptera and Neuroptera in the months of September and November 2007. Was observed by intervals of the order of highest proportion in the two environments was the Hymenoptera, then the Acari in urban areas and Collembola and Coleoptera in the countryside. Through the estimation interval we can see the differences between these environments and how human interference affect the the soil fauna.

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Um mapa genético é um diagrama onde são representados os genes com suas respectivas posições no cromossomo. Eles são essenciais para o procedimento de localização de genes envolvidos no controle genético de caracteres quantitativos ou no controle de outros caracteres de interesse econômico. No presente trabalho avalia-se, via simulação computacional de dados, a eficiência dos algoritmos simulated annealing, delineação rápida em cadeia e ramos e conexões, para a construção de mapas genéticos. Nas condições avaliadas, o algoritmo ramos e conexões foi o mais rápido, sendo que tanto este, quanto a delineação rápida em cadeia apresentaram 100 por cento de eficiência. A eficiência do simulated annealing para ordenação de marcadores variou com o número de marcadores, para 5 e 10 foi de 100 por cento, para 15 99,8 por cento e com 20 marcadores a eficiência obtida foi de 99,2 por cento.

The efficiency of Simulated Annealing (SA), Rapid Chain Delineation (RCD) and Branch and Bounds (BB) algorithms was evaluated by a Monte Carlo method. Regarding the conditions appraised the Branch and Bounds showed to be the fastest among them. Both RCD and BB were 100 percent efficient. The efficiency of SA depends on the length of the linkage group to be ordered. For 5 and 10 the efficiency was 100 percent, for 15 it was 99.8 percent and for 20 it was 99.2 percent.