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Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogen in the female genital tract, with 92.3% of cases in Brazil associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Linalool is a monoterpene compound from plants of the genera Cinnamomum, Coriandrum, Lavandula, and Citrus that has demonstrated a fungicidal effect on strains of Candida spp., but its mechanism of action is still unknown. For this purpose, broth microdilution techniques were applied, as well as molecular docking in a predictive manner for this mechanism. The main results of this study indicated that the C. albicans strains analyzed were resistant to fluconazole and sensitive to linalool at a dose of 256 µg/mL. Furthermore, the increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linalool in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol indicated that this molecule possibly affects the cell wall and plasma membrane integrity of C. albicans. Molecular docking of linalool with proteins that are key in the biosynthesis and maintenance of the cell wall and the fungal plasma membrane integrity demonstrated the possibility of linalool interacting with three important enzymes: 1,3-ß-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, and Δ 14-sterol reductase. In silico analysis showed that this monoterpene has theoretical but significant oral bioavailability, low toxic potential, and high similarity to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that linalool probably causes damage to the cell wall and plasma membrane of C. albicans, possibly by interaction with important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures, in addition to presenting low in silico toxic potential.

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Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogen in the female genital tract, with 92.3% of cases in Brazil associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Linalool is a monoterpene compound from plants of the genera Cinnamomum, Coriandrum, Lavandula, and Citrus that has demonstrated a fungicidal effect on strains of Candida spp., but its mechanism of action is still unknown. For this purpose, broth microdilution techniques were applied, as well as molecular docking in a predictive manner for this mechanism. The main results of this study indicated that the C. albicans strains analyzed were resistant to fluconazole and sensitive to linalool at a dose of 256 µg/mL. Furthermore, the increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linalool in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol indicated that this molecule possibly affects the cell wall and plasma membrane integrity of C. albicans. Molecular docking of linalool with proteins that are key in the biosynthesis and maintenance of the cell wall and the fungal plasma membrane integrity demonstrated the possibility of linalool interacting with three important enzymes: 1,3-β-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, and Δ 14-sterol reductase. In silico analysis showed that this monoterpene has theoretical but significant oral bioavailability, low toxic potential, and high similarity to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the findings of this study indicated that linalool probably causes damage to the cell wall and plasma membrane of C. albicans, possibly by interaction with important enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures, in addition to presenting low in silico toxic potential.

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Macromolecular diffusion in strongly confined geometries and crowded environments is still to a large extent an open subject in soft matter physics and biology. In this paper, we employ large-scale Langevin dynamics simulations to investigate how the diffusion of a tracer is influenced by the combined action of excluded-volume and weak attractive crowder-tracer interactions. We consider two species of tracers, standard hard-core particles described by the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) repulsive potential and core-softened (CS) particles, which model, e.g., globular proteins, charged colloids, and nanoparticles covered by polymeric brushes. These systems are characterized by the presence of two length scales in the interaction and can show waterlike anomalies in their diffusion, stemming from the inherent competition between different length scales. Here we report a comprehensive study of both diffusion and structure of these two tracer species in an environment crowded by quenched configurations of polymers at increasing density. We analyze in detail how the tracer-polymer affinity and the system density affect transport as compared to the emergence of specific static spatial correlations. In particular, we find that, while hardly any differences emerge in the diffusion properties of WCA and CS particles, the propensity to develop structural order for large crowding is strongly frustrated for CS particles. Surprisingly, for large enough affinity for the crowding matrix, the diffusion coefficient of WCA tracers display a nonmonotonic trend as their density is increased when compared to the zero affinity scenario. This waterlike anomaly turns out to be even larger than what observed for CS particle and appears to be rooted in a similar competition between excluded-volume and affinity effects.

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Two experimental bifurcation diagrams were obtained with two different control parameters. One parameter was the faucet opening and the other one, keeping fixed the faucet opening, was an electrical voltage (V) applied to a metallic cylinder that surrounds the pendant water column. In this way, the drops are formed in an electrical field gradient that polarizes the water column altering the effective surface tension that is consistent with the observed decreasing of the drop mass as the potential is increased, while the water flow rate remains constant. We observed that the two bifurcations are similar for S ≲ 65 and V ≲ 2.05 kV ; otherwise, the bifurcation evolutions are quite different.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was developed to diminish ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). There are two main ways of performing it: direct ischemic-preconditioning (DIP) and remote ischemic-preconditioning (RIP). The objectives of this study were to investigate local and systemic effects of DIP and RIP in liver IRI. METHODS: Thirty-two weaning rats (50-70 g body weight; 21 days old) were divided into 4 groups: control (C); ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR); DIP followed by ischemia and reperfusion; and RIP followed by ischemia and reperfusion. In the IR group, the vascular pedicles of medial and left lateral liver lobes were clamped for 60 minutes and then unclamped. In the DIP group, a 10-minute cycle of ischemia followed by a 10-minute reperfusion of the same lobes was performed before 60 minutes of ischemia. In the RIP group, three 5-minute cycles of clamping and unclamping of the femoral vessels were performed before liver ischemia. The animals were euthanized 24 hours after the surgical procedures. RESULTS: The serum levels of liver enzymes were significantly lower in the RIP group compared to the control and IR groups and to the DIP group. The scores of histologic hepatic lesions were significantly lower in RIP animals than those of IR animals (P = .002) and similar to the C group animals. The Bax/BCl-xl relation was lower in the DIP group than that in the RIP group (P = .045) and no differences were observed in histologic analyses of kidney, lung, intestine, and heart. CONCLUSION: In young animals, the beneficial effects of RIP are more evident than those of DIP.

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The aim of this study was to test the reliability of a method to measure the masticatory performance of complete denture wearers employing a colour-mixing ability test and assessment by visual and electronic colourimetric analysis. A sample of 75 subjects was selected from patients who received new conventional complete dentures. Masticatory tests were performed using a two-colour chewing gum that was masticated for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 chewing cycles, performed in a random order. The mixing level of the two colours of the chewed gum was assessed visually by two independent raters based on a 5-point ordinal scale. The specimens were flattened into a 1-mm-width wafer, scanned and saved as a two-sided digital image. Each pair of images was submitted to an electronic colourimetric analysis to assess the level of colour mixture, measured by the circular variance of hue (VOH). Overall inter- and intra-rater agreements in visual analysis were 64% and 68%, respectively (almost 99% of scores ranged within ±1 point), whilst overall weighted kappa was >0.80. A proportional increase in the level of mixture occurred with increased number of chewing cycles (P < .001). Similarly, VOH and the visual analysis were highly correlated (r = -.89; P < .001). Bland-Altman plots revealed excellent agreement and extremely low systematic error between duplicated VOH measures. It was concluded that the two-colour chewing gum test is a reliable method to assess the masticatory performance in complete denture wearers using both visual and electronic colourimetric analyses.

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The single-implant mandibular overdenture (SIMO) has been proposed as an alternative for edentulous patients who are poorly adapted to their dentures due to low retention and stability of the conventional mandibular complete denture (CD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of SIMO, which can be measured by examining patient perception of treatment effects. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the comparative results of CD and SIMO treatments using patient-reported outcome measures. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases. The search included studies published up to July 2017. The focus question was: 'Do single-implant mandibular overdentures improve patient-reported outcomes compared to conventional complete dentures in edentulous patients?' Eligible studies were randomised clinical trials (RCT) and prospective studies. After initial screening for eligibility and full-text analysis, 11 studies were included for data extraction and quality assessment (five parallel-group RCTs, two crossover RCTs and four prospective studies). All studies reported marked improvement in satisfaction with the dentures and quality of life measures after SIMO treatment, irrespective of variations in implant treatment protocols and retention systems. Methodological considerations revealed a lack of evidence from RCTs on the comparative effectiveness of the two treatment strategies. Hence, although available evidence suggests considerable improvement in patient-reported outcomes following the insertion of a single implant to retain a mandibular denture, further well-designed comparative studies between SIMO and CD are required to improve the level of evidence and to support the indication of SIMO treatment in routine practice.

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Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp floccosum (Cabrera) G. Sancho is used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat inflammation and infection, which is supported by scientific data. However, only one study has been conducted on the mutagenic activity of the extract, which has important safety implications. This study evaluated the mutagenic/antimutagenic activity of M. polymorphum ethanolic extract (MPEE) in Allium cepa meristematic cells. Commercial A. cepa seeds were cultured for 120 h. Treatments were performed for 48 h with MPEE (10 mg/mL), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 0.01 mg/mL), or in combination (MPEE + MMS). All of the experiments were performed in triplicate. A total of 15,000 cells per treatment were analyzed for chromosomal aberrations and the mitotic index. The results showed that MPEE was not mutagenic. In combination with MMS, MPEE decreased the number of damaged cells and the mitotic index. Interestingly, the most pronounced effect was observed post-treatment when the mitotic index also decreased, suggesting that MPEE may affect the cell cycle. MPEE exhibited antimutagenic activity, and may induce cell cycle arrest in A. cepa.

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Incidentally discovered adrenal masses are common and the clinical evaluation and surveillance aims to diagnose hormone excess and malignancy. Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a very rare malignancy. This study aims to define the imaging characteristics of adrenal tumors preceding the diagnosis of ACC. Patients with prior (>5 months) adrenal tumors (<6 cm) subsequently diagnosed with ACC were identified in a large registry at a tertiary referral center. Retrospective chart and image review for patient characteristics and initial, interval, and diagnostic imaging characteristics (size, homogeneity, borders, density, growth rate, etc.) was conducted. Twenty patients with a diagnosis of ACC and a prior adrenal tumor were identified among 422 patients with ACC. Of these, 17 patients were initially imaged with CT and 3 with MR. Only 2 of the 20 patients had initial imaging characteristics suggestive of a benign lesion. Of initial tumors, 25% were <2 cm in size. Surveillance led to the diagnosis of ACC within 24 months in 50% of patients. The growth pattern was variable with some lesions showing long-term stability (up to 8 years) in size. In conclusion, antecedent lesions in patients with a diagnosis of ACC are often indeterminate by imaging criteria and can be small. Surveillance over 2 years detected only 50% of ACCs. Current practice and guidelines are insufficient in diagnosing ACCs. Given the rarity of ACC, the increased risk and health care costs of additional evaluation may not be warranted.

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Agronomic performance and external and internal appearance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit are important traits that should be taken into consideration during the development of a new cultivar, as well as being the principal identification elements used by the consumer, which are based on the external appearance and quality of the fruit. Externally, the fruit can be characterized in terms of the shape, the color of the lower rind, and the presence of grooves and stripes, the stripes can be classified as clearly defined or diffuse. The objective of this study was to identify microsatellite markers linked to the stripe pattern of watermelon fruit to support watermelon improvement programs, with the selection of this characteristic in the plantlet stage. F1 and F2 populations, result of a cross between the cultivars BRS Opara (clearly defined stripes) and Pérola (diffuse stripes), were phenotyped for their fruit stripe pattern. The CTAB 2X protocol was used for DNA extraction and 116 microsatellite markers were examined in a group of F2 plants that had fruit with well-defined stripes and fruit with diffuse stripes. The microsatellite loci MCPI_05 and MCPI_16 exhibited a linkage to the stripe pattern at a distance of 1.5 and 1.8 cM, respectively, with LOD scores of 39.28 and 38.11, respectively, which were located on chromosome six of the watermelon genome. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection in watermelon improvement programs, by various research institutions.

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The majority of STR loci are not ideal for the analysis of forensic samples with degraded and/or low template DNA. One alternative to overcome these limitations is the use of bi-allelic markers, which have low mutation rates and shorter amplicons. Human identification (HID) InDel marker panels have been described in several countries, including Brazil. The commercial kit available is, however, mostly suitable for Europeans, with lower discrimination power for other population groups. Recently, a combination of 49 InDel markers used in four different ethnic groups in the USA has been shown to be more informative than another panel from Portugal, already tested in a Rio de Janeiro sample. However, these 49 InDels have yet to be applied to other admixed or isolated populations. We assessed the efficiency of this panel in two urban admixed populations (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Tripoli, Libya) and one isolated Native Brazilian community. All markers are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after the Bonferroni correction, and no Linkage disequilibrium was detected. Assuming loci independence and no substructure effect, cumulative RMP was 2.7×10(-18), 1.5×10(-20), and 4.5×10(-20) for Native Brazilian, Rio de Janeiro, and Tripoli populations, respectively. The overall Fst value was 0.05512. Rio de Janeiro and Tripoli showed similar admixture levels, however for Native Brazilians one parental cluster represented over 60 % of the total parental population. We conclude that this panel is suitable for HID on these urban populations, but is less efficient for the isolated group.

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Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha em sistemas de produção de leite que utilizam ordenhadeira mecânica, do tipo circuito aberto, visando fornecer aos técnicos e pecuaristas informações que os auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisões. Especificamente pretendeu-se ainda: a) estimar o custo de uma ordenha; b) estimar, por meio de simulação, o custo da terceira ordenha; c) desenvolver uma equação matemática que permita estimar a quantidade mínima de leite produzido em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha. Os dados foram coletados em três sistemas de produção de leite, em uma rotina de duas ordenhas diárias, sendo realizadas três coletas de dados em cada um, perfazendo um total de nove. Considerando-se os dados médios, seria viável a realização da terceira ordenha se a produtividade média diária das vacas em lactação em duas ordenhas fosse igual ou superior a 38,13kg de leite. A equação matemática desenvolvida pode auxiliar o técnico e o pecuarista a estimarem a quantidade mínima de leite produzido por uma vaca em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha, com precisão e considerável rapidez.

This study aims to analyze the economic viability of the third milking in milk production systems using open circuit milking mechanics, aiming to provide technicians and farmers with information to help in the decision-making process. Specifically intend to a) estimate the cost of a milking; (b) estimate, by means of simulation, the cost of the third milking; (c) develop a mathematical equation that allows estimating the minimum amount of milk produced in two milkings, from which it will be economically feasible to hold the third milking. The data were collected in three milk production systems, in a routine of two milkings per day, with three collections of data in each, a total of nine collections. Considering the average data, it would be feasible to hold the third milking if the productivity of daily average lactating cows is equal or greater than 38.13 kg of milk. The mathematical equation developed may help the technician and the farmer to estimate the minimum quantity of milk produced by a cow in two milkings, from which it will be economically feasible to hold the third milking with precision and considerable speed.

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Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha em sistemas de produção de leite que utilizam ordenhadeira mecânica, do tipo circuito aberto, visando fornecer aos técnicos e pecuaristas informações que os auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisões. Especificamente pretendeu-se ainda: a) estimar o custo de uma ordenha; b) estimar, por meio de simulação, o custo da terceira ordenha; c) desenvolver uma equação matemática que permita estimar a quantidade mínima de leite produzido em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha. Os dados foram coletados em três sistemas de produção de leite, em uma rotina de duas ordenhas diárias, sendo realizadas três coletas de dados em cada um, perfazendo um total de nove. Considerando-se os dados médios, seria viável a realização da terceira ordenha se a produtividade média diária das vacas em lactação em duas ordenhas fosse igual ou superior a 38,13kg de leite. A equação matemática desenvolvida pode auxiliar o técnico e o pecuarista a estimarem a quantidade mínima de leite produzido por uma vaca em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha, com precisão e considerável rapidez.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the economic viability of the third milking in milk production systems using open circuit milking mechanics, aiming to provide technicians and farmers with information to help in the decision-making process. Specifically intend to a) estimate the cost of a milking; (b) estimate, by means of simulation, the cost of the third milking; (c) develop a mathematical equation that allows estimating the minimum amount of milk produced in two milkings, from which it will be economically feasible to hold the third milking. The data were collected in three milk production systems, in a routine of two milkings per day, with three collections of data in each, a total of nine collections. Considering the average data, it would be feasible to hold the third milking if the productivity of daily average lactating cows is equal or greater than 38.13 kg of milk. The mathematical equation developed may help the technician and the farmer to estimate the minimum quantity of milk produced by a cow in two milkings, from which it will be economically feasible to hold the third milking with precision and considerable speed.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: The role of platelets in hemostasis is well known, but few papers have reported their role in pain and edema induced by inflammatory agents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of circulating platelets in the local injury induced by two diverse inflammatory agents, Bothrops jararaca venom (Bjv) and carrageenan. METHODS: Rats were (i) rendered thrombocytopenic by administration of polyclonal anti-rat platelet IgG (ARPI) or busulfan, or (ii) treated with platelet inhibitors (aspirin or clopidogrel). Edema formation, local hemorrhage and the pain threshold were assessed after intraplantar injection of Bjv or carrageenan in rat hind paws. Additionally, whole platelets or platelet releasate were tested whether they directly induced hyperalgesia. RESULTS: Platelet counts were markedly diminished in rats administered with either ARPI (± 88%) or busulfan (± 96%). Previous treatment with ARPI or busulfan slightly reduced edema induced by Bjv or carrageenan. Injection of Bjv, but not of carrageenan, induced a statistically significance increase in hemorrhage in the hind paws of thrombocytopenic rats. Remarkably, hyperalgesia evoked by Bjv or carrageenan was completely blocked in animals treated with ARPI or busulfan, or pre-treated with aspirin or clopidogrel. On the other hand, intraplantar administration of whole platelets or platelet releasate evoked hyperalgesia, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombocytopenia or inhibition of platelet function drastically reduced hyperalgesia induced by injection of carrageenan or Bjv; moreover, platelets per se secrete phosphorylated compounds involved in pain mediation. Thus, blood platelets are crucial cells involved in the pain genesis, and their role therein has been underestimated.

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Se evaluó la intensidad del ataque de plagas y enemigos naturales en una asociación de maíz (Zea maiz) y fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata), así como la incidencia de plagas en granos almacenados de los respectivos cultivos. Los tratamientos consistieron en: Suelo sin fertilización, Encalado y fertilización química, Lodo no higienizado, Lodo higienizado con extracto de neem (Azadirachta indica), Lodo tratado con cal virgen, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y Ipomoea carnea, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural al inicio del compostaje, Lodo no higienizado + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo higienizado con neem + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo tratado con cal virgen + fosfato natural en el campo, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural en el campo. Se realizaron observaciones semanales de plagas y enemigos naturales y los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y la prueba de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidad. El suelo que recibió lodo de alcantarillado tratado con neem fue el que presentó el menor ataque de plagas. Otro tratamiento poco atacado por plagas fue el que recibió lodo de alcantarillado seco higienizado con extracto de neem + aplicación en el campo de fosfato natural reactivo. Por lo tanto, esos dos tratamientos son los recomendados para los productores.

Avaliou-se a intensidade de pragas e inimigos naturais em um consórcio de milho (Zea maiz) e feijão (Vigna unguiculata), assim como a incidência de pragas em grãos armazenados dos respectivos cultivos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Solo sem adubação, Calagem e adubação química, Lodo não higienizado, Lodo higienizado com extrato de neem (Azadirachta indica), Lodo tratado com cal virgen, Composto orgânico de lodo e Ipomoea carnea, Composto orgânico de lodo e I. carnea + fosfato natural no início da compostagem, Lodo não higienizado + fosfato natural no campo, Lodo higienizado com neem + fosfato natural no campo, Lodo tratado com cal virgen + fosfato natural no campo, Composto orgânico de lodo e I. carnea + fosfato natural no campo. As avaliações de pragas e inimigos naturais foram semanais e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento onde se avaliou o lodo higienizado com neem foi o que apresentou o menor ataque de pragas. Outro tratamento pouco atacado por pragas foi o que se avaliou o lodo higienizado com neem e fosfato no solo. Portanto, esses tratamentos são recomendados para os produtores.

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Background:The role of platelets in hemostasis is well known, but few papers have reported their role in pain and edema induced by inflammatory agents. Objective:To evaluate the role of circulating platelets in the local injury induced by two diverse inflammatory agents, Bothrops jararaca venom (Bjv) and carrageenan. Methods:Rats were (i) rendered thrombocytopenic by administration of polyclonal anti-rat platelet IgG (ARPI) or busulfan, or (ii) treated with platelet inhibitors (aspirin or clopidogrel). Edema formation, local hemorrhage and the pain threshold were assessed after intraplantar injection of Bjv or carrageenan in rat hind paws. Additionally, whole platelets or platelet releasate were tested whether they directly induced hyperalgesia. Results:Platelet counts were markedly diminished in rats administered with either ARPI (±88%) or busulfan (±96%). Previous treatment with ARPI or busulfan slightly reduced edema induced by Bjv or carrageenan. Injection of Bjv, but not of carrageenan, induced a statistically significance increase in hemorrhage in the hind paws of thrombocytopenic rats. Remarkably, hyperalgesia evoked by Bjv or carrageenan was completely blocked in animals treated with ARPI or busulfan, or pre-treated with aspirin or clopidogrel. On the other hand, intraplantar administration of whole platelets or platelet releasate evoked hyperalgesia, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions:Thrombocytopenia or inhibition of platelet function drastically reduced hyperalgesia induced by injection of carrageenan or Bjv; moreover, platelets per se secrete phosphorylated compounds involved in pain mediation. Thus, blood platelets are crucial cells involved in the pain genesis, and their role therein has been underestimated.

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RESUMEN Se evaluó la intensidad del ataque de plagas y enemigos naturales en una asociación de maíz (Zea maiz) y fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata), así como la incidencia de plagas en granos almacenados de los respectivos cultivos. Los tratamientos consistieron en: Suelo sin fertilización, Encalado y fertilización química, Lodo no higienizado, Lodo higienizado con extracto de neem (Azadirachta indica), Lodo tratado con cal virgen, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y Ipomoea carnea, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural al inicio del compostaje, Lodo no higienizado + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo higienizado con neem + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo tratado con cal virgen + fosfato natural en el campo, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural en el campo. Se realizaron observaciones semanales de plagas y enemigos naturales y los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y la prueba de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidad. El suelo que recibió lodo de alcantarillado tratado con neem fue el que presentó el menor ataque de plagas. Otro tratamiento poco atacado por plagas fue el que recibió lodo de alcantarillado seco higienizado con extracto de neem + aplicación en el campo de fosfato natural reactivo. Por lo tanto, esos dos tratamientos son los recomendados para los productores.

RESUMO Avaliou-se a intensidade de pragas e inimigos naturais em um consórcio de milho (Zea maiz) e feijão (Vigna unguiculata), assim como a incidência de pragas em grãos armazenados dos respectivos cultivos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: Solo sem adubação, Calagem e adubação química, Lodo não higienizado, Lodo higienizado com extrato de neem (Azadirachta indica), Lodo tratado com cal virgen, Composto orgânico de lodo e Ipomoea carnea, Composto orgânico de lodo e I. carnea + fosfato natural no início da compostagem, Lodo não higienizado + fosfato natural no campo, Lodo higienizado com neem + fosfato natural no campo, Lodo tratado com cal virgen + fosfato natural no campo, Composto orgânico de lodo e I. carnea + fosfato natural no campo. As avaliações de pragas e inimigos naturais foram semanais e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento onde se avaliou o lodo higienizado com neem foi o que apresentou o menor ataque de pragas. Outro tratamento pouco atacado por pragas foi o que se avaliou o lodo higienizado com neem e fosfato no solo. Portanto, esses tratamentos são recomendados para os produtores.

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It is shown that the deviations of the experimental statistics of six chaotic acoustic resonators from Wigner-Dyson random matrix theory predictions are explained by a recent model of random missing levels. In these resonatorsa made of aluminum plates a the larger deviations occur in the spectral rigidity (SRs) while the nearest-neighbor distributions (NNDs) are still close to the Wigner surmise. Good fits to the experimental NNDs and SRs are obtained by adjusting only one parameter, which is the fraction of remaining levels of the complete spectra. For two Sinai stadiums, one Sinai stadium without planar symmetry, two triangles, and a sixth of the three-leaf clover shapes, was found that 7%, 4%, 7%, and 2%, respectively, of eigenfrequencies were not detected.

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Cherubism is a rare hereditary fibro-osseous childhood disease characterized by bone degradation and fibrous tissue replacement at the angles of the mandible and at the tuberosity areas of the maxilla that leads to prominence of the lower face and an appearance reminiscent of the cherub's portrayal in Renaissance art. This disease has an autosomal dominant hereditary characteristic. The purpose of this report is to analyse laboratory tests, clinicopathological and radiographic features of cherubism and its intraoral manifestations in a patient during 4-years of follow-up, correlating the features observed in this case with those of the literature. Also discussed is the atypical and aggressive behaviour of this case during puberty.

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We applied a recently proposed rescaling of curvatures of eigenvalues of parameter-dependent random matrices to experimental data from acoustic systems and to a theoretical result. It is found that the data from four different experiments, ranging from isotropic plates to anisotropic three-dimensional objects, and the theoretical result always agree with the universal curvature distribution, if only the curvatures are rescaled such that the average of their absolute values is unity.