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The passive stay apparatus works by blocking flexion of the knee and tarsus joints in the horse, preventing muscle fatigue. During ambulation, if this mechanism fails to release, the animal will present upward fixation of the patella, which in severe cases, can only be treated by medial patellar desmotomy (MPD). The objective of this study was to investigate the possible electromyographic and behavioral changes, after the impairment of the passive stay apparatus, in horses who have undergone MPD surgery. Five horses presenting dorsal fixation of the patella underwent electromyographic measurements at preoperatively and immediately postoperatively, 24 h, seven, 14 and 21 days after surgery. The samples were collected on a computerized surface electromyograph designed in accordance with the standards of international society of electrophysiology and kinesiology (ISEK). To capture the signals, electrodes positioned on the tensor fasciae lata, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were used, bilaterally. These muscles were chosen due to their participation in the passive stay apparatus. The electromyographic signals were collected and processed using a software calibrated to collect data with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz per channel. The collections took place over 60 min periods, and the results were obtained from the root means square (RMS) analysis. It was noted that the preoperative average of rest in tripedal support was 62%. On the other hand, change in weight bearing member and rest in three limbs in the postoperative period did not occur. This inability to maintain tripedal support in the postoperative period prevents the horse from resting while standing. Furthermore, there was a gradual increase in the need for post-surgical muscle recruitment, resulting in long periods of decubitus due to muscle fatigue, which is less than ideal for such large animals. Therefore, it was concluded that the animals submitted to medial patellar desmotomy, in this study, presented an inability to maintain tripedal support, in addition to a greater need for recruitment of muscle fibers, evidenced by the gradual increase in the electromyographic tracing and total RMS value of the muscles evaluated.

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The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value in neurological illnesses in horses. There are different methods for obtaining cerebrospinal fluid, with the collection between the C1 and C2 vertebrae being a more recent methodology, which allows the procedure to be performed in standing patients, without the limitations of general anesthesia and with a low contamination of the sample with blood, presenting itself as a practical alternative. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a local dural blockade in healthy horses submitted to cerebrospinal fluid collection by atlantoaxial puncture and the quality of the samples obtained by this procedure, which were submitted to physical, chemical, and cytological analyses. The animals were evaluated considering aspects such as pain, sensitivity, the presence of edema, temperature variations, and ultrasonographic alterations post-collection. Discrete local changes were observed after the puncture, and the procedure was considered safe and simple to perform. Lidocaine blockade could reduce the reaction elicited by the needle passing through the dura mater, and the samples obtained showed satisfactory quality and laboratory results consistent with the values compiled in the literature. Transient hyperthermia was observed in 70% (7/10) of the animals in the dural blockade group, and 80%(8/10) of the patients from the control group, totalizing 75% of all individuals evaluated. The rectal temperature alteration was observed 4 to 12 hours after the procedure and was entirely resolved without intervention by the 24-hour evaluation.

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The external ear extends from the pinna to the tympanic membrane, where it is supported and shaped by an arrangement of cartilages including the conchal, annular, scutiform, and external acoustic meatus. Environmental exposure can often lead to diseases of the external ear canal in animals. In horses, otitis primarily occurs due to infestation by ectoparasites, promoting local inflammation and infection. Chronic conditions can result in ear deformation, including auricular canal stenosis. While operative techniques for treating auricular stenosis are known, they are limited to companion animals, with few reports on horses. This study aimed to describe the modified lateral resection technique of the ear canal, which is commonly performed in small animals, for treating auricular canal stenosis in six horses. As a methodology, the intertragic notch was used as a reference for the incision due to species disparity. The ear canal cartilage was dissected, followed by resection of the lateral wall and the cartilaginous flap adhered to the skin. Excess skin was removed, and the ear canal was sutured to the skin with nylon thread. Our results indicated a significant improvement in the treatment of otitis in the treated horses, demonstrating a favorable evolution in the healing process and resolution of bacterial infections in all cases. In conclusion, the use of the modified lateral resection technique of the ear canal was successful in all six treated horses, providing access to clinical treatment of the canal without any occurrences of recurrence or postoperative complications

A orelha externa se estende desde a pina até a membrana timpânica, onde sua sustentação e forma são garantidas pela disposição das cartilagens conchal, anular, escutiforme e meato acústico externo. Animais frequentemente apresentam doenças do canal auricular externo devido à exposição ambiental. Em equinos, a otite ocorre principalmente pela infestação de ectoparasitas favorecendo a inflamação e infecção local, que em condições crônicas, pode proporcionar deformações do ouvido, incluindo a estenose do canal auricular. Apesar de conhecidas, as técnicas operatórias indicadas na abordagem terapêutica de estenoses auriculares se limitam às espécies de animais de companhia, sendo escassos os relatos em equinos. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho descrever a técnica modificada de ressecção lateral do conduto auditivo, amplamente realizada em pequenos animais, no tratamento de estenose do canal auricular em seis equinos. Como metodologia, devido a disparidade entre espécies, utilizou-se a incisura intertrágica como referência para a incisão. Realizou-se a dissecção da cartilagem do canal auditivo, seguido pela ressecção da parede lateral e do retalho cartilaginoso aderido à pele. Foi removido o excesso de pele e suturado o canal auditivo à pele com fio de nylon. Os resultados obtidos indicaram melhora significativa na condução do tratamento de otite dos equinos tratados, demonstrando evolução favorável no processo de cicatrização e resolução das infecções bacterianas em todos os casos. Concluiu-se que a utilização da técnica de ressecção lateral do canal auditivo foi bem-sucedida nos seis animais tratados deste trabalho, promovendo o acesso para tratamento clínico do conduto, sem ocorrência de recidiva ou complicações pós-operatórias

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Most genetic diseases affect purebred animals and are inherited as recessive genes. Cranioschisis refers to dysraphism, which occurs in the midline of the skull due to failure to close the cranial symphysis, which can lead to herniation of the meninges filled with cerebrospinal fluid (meningocele), where there is usually a projection of the meningeal tissue. Diagnosis is performed based on clinical examination, characteristic anatomopathological data, and complementary imaging tests. The surgical approach for correction of cranioschisis is the only described as a therapeutic solution and is indicated in cases in which the cranial synthesis defect does not allow for brain protrusion and there is only the occurrence of meningocele, in addition to the absence of severe signs of neurological alteration. This paper reports a case of the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plaque to treat cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Girolando heifer. The surgical opening of the frontonasal sacculation allowed draining a total liquid content of 488 mL, inspection, and suture of the envelope membrane. APMMA plaque, molded to the bone surface and anchored in the adjacent soft tissue, was used to cover the evidenced frontonasal bone opening. Despite the unfavorable prognosis of the disease, the cranioplasty surgery for the treatment of cranioschisis associated with meningocele using PMMA plaque obtained satisfactory results relative to the quality and maintenance of this animal's life, evaluated at 19 months postoperatively.(AU)

A maioria das doenças genéticas acometem animais de raça pura e herdados como genes recessivos.Acraniosquise refere-se à disrafia, que acontece na linha média do crânio pelo não fechamento da sínfise craniana, podendo levar a herniação das meninges repletas de líquido cefalorraquidiano (meningocele), onde geralmente existe projeção do tecido meningeal. O diagnóstico é realizado a partir do exame clínico, dados anatomopatológicos característicos e através da realização de exames complementares de imagem. Como solução terapêutica, a abordagem cirúrgica para correção das craniosquises é a única descrita, e é indicada em casos em que o defeito de síntese craniana não permita a protrusão encefálica e exista a ocorrência apenas da meningocele, além da inexistência de sinais graves de alteração neurológica. O artigo relata um caso de uso de placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra Girolando. Instituiu-se a abertura cirúrgica da saculação fronto-nasal, permitindo a drenagem de conteúdo líquido total de 488 mL, inspeção e rafia de membrana envoltória. Para recobrimento da abertura óssea fronto-nasal evidenciada, utilizou-se uma placa de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), moldada à superfície óssea e ancorada em tecido mole adjacente. Concluiu-se que, apesar do prognóstico desfavorável da enfermidade, a cirurgia de cranioplastia para tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele, com a utilização de placa de PMMA, neste caso, obteve resultados satisfatórios em relação a qualidade e manutenção da vida deste animal, avaliando-se em 19 meses pós-operatório.(AU)

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A analgesia com opioides é limitada ou indefinida em ruminantes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a realização de um estudo comparativo entre dois analgésicos opioides: a morfina e o tramadol, com base nas avaliações clínica e pedométrica de animais submetidos a artrite e sinovite experimental transitórias, desenvolvidas na articulação interfalângica distal, após administração intra-articular de anfotericina B. Utilizou-se seis animais, em dois tratamentos distintos, com morfina, na dose de 0,5 mg/kg e 20 dias depois com tramadol, na dose de 1,8 mg/kg, ambos via intramuscular. Os animais foram avaliados em intervalos de três horas, num total de 27 horas, observando-se parâmetros fisiológicos, deambulação e atividade pedométrica. Claudicação e alterações pedométricas foram observadas para ambos os fármacos. Por meio das variáveis da atividade pedométrica, observou-se um padrão de inquietação compatível com nocicepção podal, não havendo a interferência dos fármacos sobre a claudicação. Concluiu-se que a morfina e o tramadol, nas doses testadas, foram incapazes de interferir na atenuação do grau de claudicação no momento de máxima estimulação dolorosa, frente ao modelo experimental de dor ortopédica.(AU)

The use of opioids for analgesia is limited or undefined in ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesics opioids, morphine and tramadol, based on the clinical and pedometric evaluations of animals submitted to a temporary experimental arthritis and synovitis, developed at the distal interphalangeal joint after an intra-articular administration of amphotericin B. Six animals were used in two different treatments, using morphine, dose of 0,5 mg/kg, and twenty days later, tramadol, dose of 1,8 mg/kg, both intramuscularly. The animals were evaluated at 3-hour intervals for a total of 27 hours, observing the physiological parameters, ambulation and pedometer activity. Lameness and pedometer variations were observed in both treatments. Based on the variables of pedometric activity, a pattern of restlessness compatible with podal nociception was observed, and there was no interference of any of the drugs on lameness. It was concluded that morphine and tramadol, at the tested doses, were incapable of interfering in the lameness attenuation during the maximum painful stimulation moment in this experimental protocol of orthopedic pain.(AU)

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Background: Osteosarcomas are common malignant bone tumors described in dogs, humans and cats. However, thereare rare reports in horses. The tumor etiology has not been fully elucidated. Clinical signs are associated to the tumorsize, location and growth characteristics. When located on the face, the most common findings are facial distortion, nasaldischarge and inspiratory dyspnea. The aim of this study was to report an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a horse, located onthe right maxillary region with projections into the corresponding nostril.Case: A 6-year-old mixbreed saddle gelding, presenting bay coat was admitted to a University Hospital with a chronicsinusitis history. The animal was previously examined and treated by other veterinarians, who suspected of odontogenicmaxillary sinusitis, and therefore a repulsion of the fourth premolar from the right maxilla hemiarcade was performed.However, an improvement of the clinical signs was not observed and subsequently the gelding was referred to a VeterinaryHospital. During physical examination the patient presented dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia. An increase on the facesize was observed, together with a fetid and purulent nasal discharge. During oral cavity inspection, a diagonal wear wasdetected at the occlusal surface of the right hemiarcade; food accumulation was seen at the dental extraction site, and acommunication with the rostral maxillary sinus was evidenced, from where a purulent fetid discharge was draining. At theradiographic exam, well defined margins of a tumor were observed, with adjacent bone lysis and the presence of a centralnucleus showing a gross granular mineral radiopacity, distorting the frontal and nasal bones. During the endoscopic exam,a mass partially occluding the right nasal cavity close to the nasal opening was seen, which was blocking the progressionof the endoscopy. However, during the left cavity inspection, at the end of the nasal septum a mass...

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A analgesia com opioides é limitada ou indefinida em ruminantes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a realização de um estudo comparativo entre dois analgésicos opioides: a morfina e o tramadol, com base nas avaliações clínica e pedométrica de animais submetidos a artrite e sinovite experimental transitórias, desenvolvidas na articulação interfalângica distal, após administração intra-articular de anfotericina B. Utilizou-se seis animais, em dois tratamentos distintos, com morfina, na dose de 0,5 mg/kg e 20 dias depois com tramadol, na dose de 1,8 mg/kg, ambos via intramuscular. Os animais foram avaliados em intervalos de três horas, num total de 27 horas, observando-se parâmetros fisiológicos, deambulação e atividade pedométrica. Claudicação e alterações pedométricas foram observadas para ambos os fármacos. Por meio das variáveis da atividade pedométrica, observou-se um padrão de inquietação compatível com nocicepção podal, não havendo a interferência dos fármacos sobre a claudicação. Concluiu-se que a morfina e o tramadol, nas doses testadas, foram incapazes de interferir na atenuação do grau de claudicação no momento de máxima estimulação dolorosa, frente ao modelo experimental de dor ortopédica.

The use of opioids for analgesia is limited or undefined in ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare two analgesics opioids, morphine and tramadol, based on the clinical and pedometric evaluations of animals submitted to a temporary experimental arthritis and synovitis, developed at the distal interphalangeal joint after an intra-articular administration of amphotericin B. Six animals were used in two different treatments, using morphine, dose of 0,5 mg/kg, and twenty days later, tramadol, dose of 1,8 mg/kg, both intramuscularly. The animals were evaluated at 3-hour intervals for a total of 27 hours, observing the physiological parameters, ambulation and pedometer activity. Lameness and pedometer variations were observed in both treatments. Based on the variables of pedometric activity, a pattern of restlessness compatible with podal nociception was observed, and there was no interference of any of the drugs on lameness. It was concluded that morphine and tramadol, at the tested doses, were incapable of interfering in the lameness attenuation during the maximum painful stimulation moment in this experimental protocol of orthopedic pain.

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Background: Osteosarcomas are common malignant bone tumors described in dogs, humans and cats. However, thereare rare reports in horses. The tumor etiology has not been fully elucidated. Clinical signs are associated to the tumorsize, location and growth characteristics. When located on the face, the most common findings are facial distortion, nasaldischarge and inspiratory dyspnea. The aim of this study was to report an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a horse, located onthe right maxillary region with projections into the corresponding nostril.Case: A 6-year-old mixbreed saddle gelding, presenting bay coat was admitted to a University Hospital with a chronicsinusitis history. The animal was previously examined and treated by other veterinarians, who suspected of odontogenicmaxillary sinusitis, and therefore a repulsion of the fourth premolar from the right maxilla hemiarcade was performed.However, an improvement of the clinical signs was not observed and subsequently the gelding was referred to a VeterinaryHospital. During physical examination the patient presented dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia. An increase on the facesize was observed, together with a fetid and purulent nasal discharge. During oral cavity inspection, a diagonal wear wasdetected at the occlusal surface of the right hemiarcade; food accumulation was seen at the dental extraction site, and acommunication with the rostral maxillary sinus was evidenced, from where a purulent fetid discharge was draining. At theradiographic exam, well defined margins of a tumor were observed, with adjacent bone lysis and the presence of a centralnucleus showing a gross granular mineral radiopacity, distorting the frontal and nasal bones. During the endoscopic exam,a mass partially occluding the right nasal cavity close to the nasal opening was seen, which was blocking the progressionof the endoscopy. However, during the left cavity inspection, at the end of the nasal septum a mass...(AU)

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Tumors affecting Bartholins gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholins gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholins gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor.(AU)

Tumores que afetam a glândula de Bartholin são considerados raros em humanos e há poucos relatos na medicina veterinária, sendo descrito somente em vacas. Este artigo descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos associados ao adenoma na glândula de Bartholin em uma cabra. O animal da raça Saanen, com sete anos de idade e gestante apresentava aumento de volume bilateral na região da vulva, que não regrediu após o parto. Macroscopicamente, a massa era multilobulada, com presença de vários cistos preenchidos por uma secreção esbranquiçada. A histopatologia revelou um adenoma, caracterizado por proliferação de células epiteliais de formato irregular que formavam estruturas tubulares semelhantes à glândulas. Estas células neoplásicas apresentavam anisocariose moderada e nucléolos evidentes. O índice de proliferação celular intratumoral (PI) foi estimado por imunorreatividade à proteína ki-67. Além disso, a secreção produzida por essas estruturas do tipo glandular, foi positiva na coloração do Ácido Periódico-Schiff. O diagnóstico de adenoma da glândula de Bartholin foi estabelecido pela localização anatômica dos tumores neoplásicos, características histopatológicas e à PI do tumor.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Tumors affecting Bartholin's gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin's gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin's gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor.

RESUMO: Tumores que afetam a glândula de Bartholin são considerados raros em humanos e há poucos relatos na medicina veterinária, sendo descrito somente em vacas. Este artigo descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos associados ao adenoma na glândula de Bartholin em uma cabra. O animal da raça Saanen, com sete anos de idade e gestante apresentava aumento de volume bilateral na região da vulva, que não regrediu após o parto. Macroscopicamente, a massa era multilobulada, com presença de vários cistos preenchidos por uma secreção esbranquiçada. A histopatologia revelou um adenoma, caracterizado por proliferação de células epiteliais de formato irregular que formavam estruturas tubulares semelhantes à glândulas. Estas células neoplásicas apresentavam anisocariose moderada e nucléolos evidentes. O índice de proliferação celular intratumoral (PI) foi estimado por imunorreatividade à proteína ki-67. Além disso, a secreção produzida por essas estruturas do tipo glandular, foi positiva na coloração do Ácido Periódico-Schiff. O diagnóstico de adenoma da glândula de Bartholin foi estabelecido pela localização anatômica dos tumores neoplásicos, características histopatológicas e à PI do tumor.

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This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.

O estudo avaliou a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. em equídeos do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, região Sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 257 equideos clinicamente saudáveis em Uberlândia, para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. pela técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta - RIFI. Afora isto, um inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado para avaliar possíveis fatores de risco (espécie, idade, sexo, atividade econômica e contato com animais domésticos e selvagens) associado com a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. A soroprevalência total contra Leishmania spp. foi 24,1% (62/257), representando 22,7% (55/242) de equinos, 50% (4/8) de mulas e 42,9%(3/7) de pôneis. A variável espécie foi o único fator de risco significativo na soroprevalência da Leishmania spp.

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This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.(AU)

O estudo avaliou a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. em equídeos do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, região Sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 257 equideos clinicamente saudáveis em Uberlândia, para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. pela técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta - RIFI. Afora isto, um inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado para avaliar possíveis fatores de risco (espécie, idade, sexo, atividade econômica e contato com animais domésticos e selvagens) associado com a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. A soroprevalência total contra Leishmania spp. foi 24,1% (62/257), representando 22,7% (55/242) de equinos, 50% (4/8) de mulas e 42,9%(3/7) de pôneis. A variável espécie foi o único fator de risco significativo na soroprevalência da Leishmania spp.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: A feedlot is an intensive farming system for finishing livestock. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle, especially in feedlots. METHODOLOGY: This study investigated the morbidity and mortality of BRD in a beef cattle feedlot in southeastern Brazil using: clinical diagnoses, therapy, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary fragments were collected from five steers, on feed from 3-32 days, with lesions of pneumonia for identification of BRD infectious agents PCR. RESULTS: 188,862 steers were on feed and morbidity was 7.05% (13,315/188,862), mortality 0.64% (1,214/188,862). The causes of morbidity were: BRD (6.13%), lameness (0.29%), trauma (0.21%), clostridiosis (0.13%) and polioencephalomalacia, PEM (0.12%). The causes of mortality were: BRD (0.21%), trauma (0.17%), and clostridiosis (0.13%). When all sick cattle were considered (n=13,315), BRD (86.9%) was the principal cause of morbidity, followed by lameness (4.13%), trauma (3.05%), and clostridiosis (1.82%). The cost of BRD-associated cattle mortality and morbidity was estimated at $14,334.00/10,000 and $16,315.40/10,000 respectively. It was projected that the economic effects due to BRD-associated morbidity in Brazil were $6.31 million/annum, while losses due to mortality were $5.54 million, resulting in an annual loss of $11.85 million. Coinfections in cattle with pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were identified in 4/5 steers tested. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first longitudinal study that investigated the incidence of BRD in feedlot cattle from Brazil, and the results herein described indicate that BRD contributed significantly to the development of mortality and morbidity of cattle on feed.

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) affect production rates negatively because it compromise health and well-being of the affected animal. The hypothesis of this study was that the use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop BRD would reduce morbidity and pulmonary lesions. For this purpose, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of two metaphylactic protocols on the morbidity of feedlot cattle with a known sanitary history, occurrence of pulmonary lesions at slaughter, and the possible participation of Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in the development of BRD. An experimental study was designed in which 3,094 adult, male, cattle, were grouped according to the risk to develop BRD: a) group without metaphylaxis (n=2,104), low-risk animals; b) metaphylaxis group with oxytetracycline (n=789), moderate-risk animals; c) metaphylaxis group with tildipirosin (n=201), high-risk animals. All cattle were immunized against pathogens associated with BRD (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI3). The morbidity for BRD was 8.2% (253/3,094); cattle within the moderate-risk group for BRD had the lowest frequency (6.1%), followed by high-risk animals with tildipirosin metaphylaxis (6.5%) and low-risk without metaphylaxis (9.1%) (P=0.019). At the abattoir, 1.2% of lungs with lesions were found. There was a difference (P=0.036) in the frequency of pulmonary lesions between healthy animals (1.1%) and those diagnosed with BRD (2.8%). Two agents associated with BRD were identified by PCR assays in the lungs (n=37) of cattle: M. haemolytica (16.2%) and H. somni (5.4%). In addition, concomitant infections involving these pathogens were identified in the lungs of two steers.

RESUMO: As doenças respiratórias dos bovinos (DRB) afetam negativamente as taxas de produção por comprometer a saúde e o bem-estar animal. A hipótese deste estudo foi que o uso de protocolos metafiláticos com base no risco de desenvolvimento de DRB reduziria a morbidade e as lesões pulmonares ao abate. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de dois protocolos metafiláticos sobre a morbidade de bovinos confinados com histórico sanitário conhecido, ocorrência de lesões pulmonares no abate e possível participação de Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Alphaherpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) e Vírus respiratório sincicial bovino (BRSV) na DRB. Foram avaliados 3.094 bovinos adultos, machos, agrupados de acordo com o risco de desenvolvimento de DRB: a) grupo sem metafilaxia (n=2.104), animais de baixo risco; b) grupo metafilaxia com oxitetraciclina (n=789), animais de risco moderado; c) grupo metafilaxia com tildipirosina (n=201), animais de alto risco. Todos os animais foram previamente vacinados contra os principais agentes virais causadores das DRB (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV e PI3). A morbidade para DRB foi de 8,2% com menor frequência em animais com risco moderado e metafilaxia com oxitetraciclina (6,1%), seguido por animais com alto risco com metafilaxia com tildipirosina (6,5%) e animais com baixo risco sem metafilaxia (9,1%) (P=0,019). No frigorífico, foram encontrados 1,2% 1,2% de animais com lesões pulmonares. Houve diferença (P=0,036) na frequência de lesões pulmonares entre animais saudáveis (1,1%) e aqueles diagnosticados com DRB (2,8%). Foram identificados dois agentes associados à DRB pela técnica de PCR nos pulmões (n=37) dos bovinos: M. haemolytica (16,2%) e H. somni (5,4%). Adicionalmente, infecções concomitantes envolvendo estes potenciais patógenos foram identificadas nos pulmões de dois animais.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) affect production rates negatively because it compromise health and well-being of the affected animal. The hypothesis of this study was that the use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop BRD would reduce morbidity and pulmonary lesions. For this purpose, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of two metaphylactic protocols on the morbidity of feedlot cattle with a known sanitary history, occurrence of pulmonary lesions at slaughter, and the possible participation of Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in the development of BRD. An experimental study was designed in which 3,094 adult, male, cattle, were grouped according to the risk to develop BRD: a) group without metaphylaxis (n=2,104), low-risk animals; b) metaphylaxis group with oxytetracycline (n=789), moderate-risk animals; c) metaphylaxis group with tildipirosin (n=201), high-risk animals. All cattle were immunized against pathogens associated with BRD (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI3). The morbidity for BRD was 8.2% (253/3,094); cattle within the moderate-risk group for BRD had the lowest frequency (6.1%), followed by high-risk animals with tildipirosin metaphylaxis (6.5%) and low-risk without metaphylaxis (9.1%) (P=0.019). At the abattoir, 1.2% of lungs with lesions were found. There was a difference (P=0.036) in the frequency of pulmonary lesions between healthy animals (1.1%) and those diagnosed with BRD (2.8%). Two agents associated with BRD were identified by PCR assays in the lungs (n=37) of cattle: M. haemolytica (16.2%) and H. somni (5.4%). In addition, concomitant infections involving these pathogens were identified in the lungs of two steers.(AU)

RESUMO: As doenças respiratórias dos bovinos (DRB) afetam negativamente as taxas de produção por comprometer a saúde e o bem-estar animal. A hipótese deste estudo foi que o uso de protocolos metafiláticos com base no risco de desenvolvimento de DRB reduziria a morbidade e as lesões pulmonares ao abate. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de dois protocolos metafiláticos sobre a morbidade de bovinos confinados com histórico sanitário conhecido, ocorrência de lesões pulmonares no abate e possível participação de Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Alphaherpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) e Vírus respiratório sincicial bovino (BRSV) na DRB. Foram avaliados 3.094 bovinos adultos, machos, agrupados de acordo com o risco de desenvolvimento de DRB: a) grupo sem metafilaxia (n=2.104), animais de baixo risco; b) grupo metafilaxia com oxitetraciclina (n=789), animais de risco moderado; c) grupo metafilaxia com tildipirosina (n=201), animais de alto risco. Todos os animais foram previamente vacinados contra os principais agentes virais causadores das DRB (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV e PI3). A morbidade para DRB foi de 8,2% com menor frequência em animais com risco moderado e metafilaxia com oxitetraciclina (6,1%), seguido por animais com alto risco com metafilaxia com tildipirosina (6,5%) e animais com baixo risco sem metafilaxia (9,1%) (P=0,019). No frigorífico, foram encontrados 1,2% 1,2% de animais com lesões pulmonares. Houve diferença (P=0,036) na frequência de lesões pulmonares entre animais saudáveis (1,1%) e aqueles diagnosticados com DRB (2,8%). Foram identificados dois agentes associados à DRB pela técnica de PCR nos pulmões (n=37) dos bovinos: M. haemolytica (16,2%) e H. somni (5,4%). Adicionalmente, infecções concomitantes envolvendo estes potenciais patógenos foram identificadas nos pulmões de dois animais.(AU)

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RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.

RESUMO: O estudo avaliou a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. em equídeos do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, região Sudeste do Brasil. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 257 equideos clinicamente saudáveis em Uberlândia, para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. pela técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta - RIFI. Afora isto, um inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado para avaliar possíveis fatores de risco (espécie, idade, sexo, atividade econômica e contato com animais domésticos e selvagens) associado com a presença de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp. A soroprevalência total contra Leishmania spp. foi 24,1% (62/257), representando 22,7% (55/242) de equinos, 50% (4/8) de mulas e 42,9%(3/7) de pôneis. A variável espécie foi o único fator de risco significativo na soroprevalência da Leishmania spp.

RESUMEN

Tetanus is a severe and highly fatal infectious disease caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic spore-forming Grampositive bacterium. The disease is characterized by muscle rigidity (tetany) and can lead to death by respiratory failure or seizures. The present study reports a case of tetanus in a 6-day-old Quarter Horse foal. The animal showed apathy, lateral recumbency, umbilical thickening, protrusion of the third eyelid, seizures and hyperesthesia. Was treated with 50,000 IU/kg of potassium penicillin; with anti-tetanus toxoid immunoglobulin in a dose of 25,000 IU, 20,000 IU and 20,000 IU intravenously, intramuscular and intrathecal, respectively; with acepromazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg / kg); fluid therapy of Ringer"s lactate solution and dressing for umbilical cord. After 48 hours of treatment, the animal demonstrated hyperacute symptoms and died, showing unsuccessful in treating. Possibly the infection has been caused by inadequate umbilical cord cleansing.

O tétano é uma doença infecciosa grave e altamente fatal, causada pela toxina Clostridium tetani, uma bactéria Gram-positiva formadora de esporos anaeróbicos. A doença é caracterizada por rigidez muscular (tetania) e pode levar à morte por parada respiratória ou convulsões. O presente trabalho relata um caso de tétano em um potro Quarto de Milha de 6 dias de idade. O animal apresentava apatia, decúbito lateral, espessamento umbilical, protrusão da terceira pálpebra e convulsões em resposta a estímulos externos, como som, luz e toque. Foi tratado com 110.000 IU / kg de penicilina potássica; com imunoglobulina anti-toxina tetânica homóloga, numa dose de 25000 UI, 20.000 UI e 20000 UI por via intravenosa, intramuscular e intratecal, respectivamente; com cloridrato de acepromazina (0,05 mg / kg); fluidoterapia à base de Ringer com lactato e curativo no cordão umbilical. Decorridas 48 horas de tratamento, o animal demonstrou sintomas hiperagudos e veio à óbito, mostrando insucesso no tratamento. Possivelmente, a infecção foi causada pela limpeza inadequada do cordão umbilical.

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RESUMEN

The treatment of fractures is aimed at bone healing and early recovery of limb function. The choice of fixing method involves several factors related to the individual and to the owner. The association boards has recently been described by some authors in order to enhance resistance to the system. Five cases in which he was employed double plates overlapping as fracture fixation method were reported. Since both cases have been complications for revision surgery. The animals showed healing time between 45 and 120 days. In the account in question the overlapping plates of association was a viable resource, no complications and have provided early functional return of the affected limb.

O tratamento de fraturas tem como objetivo a consolidação óssea e o retorno precoce da função do membro. A escolha do método de fixação envolve vários fatores relacionados ao individuo e ao proprietário. A associação de duas placas colocadas em diferentes faces do osso foi recentemente descrita por alguns autores com intuito de conferir maior resistência ao sistema. Foram realizadas ostessíntese em cinco casos nos quais foram aplicados a técnica de duas placas sobrepostas como método de fixação de fraturas em ossos longos. Os animais apresentaram consolidação clínica entre 45 e 120 dias, detectada pelo exame radiográfico. Nos relatos em questão, a associação de placas sobrepostas foi um recurso viável, não apresentou complicações e propiciou retorno funcional precoce do membro afetado.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Tetanus is a severe and highly fatal infectious disease caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic spore-forming Grampositive bacterium. The disease is characterized by muscle rigidity (tetany) and can lead to death by respiratory failure or seizures. The present study reports a case of tetanus in a 6-day-old Quarter Horse foal. The animal showed apathy, lateral recumbency, umbilical thickening, protrusion of the third eyelid, seizures and hyperesthesia. Was treated with 50,000 IU/kg of potassium penicillin; with anti-tetanus toxoid immunoglobulin in a dose of 25,000 IU, 20,000 IU and 20,000 IU intravenously, intramuscular and intrathecal, respectively; with acepromazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg / kg); fluid therapy of Ringer"s lactate solution and dressing for umbilical cord. After 48 hours of treatment, the animal demonstrated hyperacute symptoms and died, showing unsuccessful in treating. Possibly the infection has been caused by inadequate umbilical cord cleansing.(AU)

O tétano é uma doença infecciosa grave e altamente fatal, causada pela toxina Clostridium tetani, uma bactéria Gram-positiva formadora de esporos anaeróbicos. A doença é caracterizada por rigidez muscular (tetania) e pode levar à morte por parada respiratória ou convulsões. O presente trabalho relata um caso de tétano em um potro Quarto de Milha de 6 dias de idade. O animal apresentava apatia, decúbito lateral, espessamento umbilical, protrusão da terceira pálpebra e convulsões em resposta a estímulos externos, como som, luz e toque. Foi tratado com 110.000 IU / kg de penicilina potássica; com imunoglobulina anti-toxina tetânica homóloga, numa dose de 25000 UI, 20.000 UI e 20000 UI por via intravenosa, intramuscular e intratecal, respectivamente; com cloridrato de acepromazina (0,05 mg / kg); fluidoterapia à base de Ringer com lactato e curativo no cordão umbilical. Decorridas 48 horas de tratamento, o animal demonstrou sintomas hiperagudos e veio à óbito, mostrando insucesso no tratamento. Possivelmente, a infecção foi causada pela limpeza inadequada do cordão umbilical.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The treatment of fractures is aimed at bone healing and early recovery of limb function. The choice of fixing method involves several factors related to the individual and to the owner. The association boards has recently been described by some authors in order to enhance resistance to the system. Five cases in which he was employed double plates overlapping as fracture fixation method were reported. Since both cases have been complications for revision surgery. The animals showed healing time between 45 and 120 days. In the account in question the overlapping plates of association was a viable resource, no complications and have provided early functional return of the affected limb.(AU)

O tratamento de fraturas tem como objetivo a consolidação óssea e o retorno precoce da função do membro. A escolha do método de fixação envolve vários fatores relacionados ao individuo e ao proprietário. A associação de duas placas colocadas em diferentes faces do osso foi recentemente descrita por alguns autores com intuito de conferir maior resistência ao sistema. Foram realizadas ostessíntese em cinco casos nos quais foram aplicados a técnica de duas placas sobrepostas como método de fixação de fraturas em ossos longos. Os animais apresentaram consolidação clínica entre 45 e 120 dias, detectada pelo exame radiográfico. Nos relatos em questão, a associação de placas sobrepostas foi um recurso viável, não apresentou complicações e propiciou retorno funcional precoce do membro afetado.(AU)

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