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INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a very prevalent disorder that is estimated to affect about 15% of adult subjects. Recently, the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies that act on the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway (MA-CGRP) has been evaluated in migraine. Several groups around the world have developed consensus guidelines about the use of monoclonal antibodies, however, in some regions is difficult to extrapolate the recommendations. AIM: To provide recommendations for the use of MA-CGRP in migraine in Argentina. DEVELOPMENT: A group of neurology experts from Argentina, by using the online surveys methodology as well as face to face meetings developed the intended consensus for the use of MA-CGRP in migraine in Argentina. Recommendations were established based on published evidence and the expert opinion. Recommendations focused on how, when, treatment duration and patients follow up. CONCLUSION: The recommendations of this consensus guidelines attempt to optimize the use of MA-CGRP in migraine in Argentina.

TITLE: Consenso sobre el uso de anticuerpos monoclonales en la migraña en Argentina.Introducción. La migraña es un trastorno muy prevalente que se estima que afecta a alrededor del 15% de los sujetos adultos. Durante los últimos años, se ha evaluado la eficacia y la seguridad de los anticuerpos monoclonales que actúan sobre la vía del péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (AM-PRGC) en la migraña. Diversos grupos de trabajo internacionales han intentado clarificar y normatizar el uso de estos medicamentos en la migraña. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones se extrapolan datos de otras regiones que no contemplan la realidad de cada lugar o son difíciles de implementar. Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones sobre el uso de AM-PRGC en pacientes con migraña en Argentina. Desarrollo. Un grupo de expertos de Argentina conformado por neurólogos, mediante metodología de ronda de encuestas en la distancia y reuniones presenciales, llevó adelante la elaboración del consenso pretendido para el uso de AM-PRGC en pacientes con migraña en Argentina. Se establecieron las recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia publicada y en el criterio de los expertos que participaron. Las recomendaciones se enfocaron en el momento de usar los AM-PRGC en la migraña tanto crónica como episódica, la duración, los cuidados y el entorno para hacerlo. Conclusión. Las recomendaciones establecidas en el presente consenso permitirán optimizar el manejo de los AM-PRGC en pacientes con migraña en Argentina.

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The bacterial species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are ubiquitous in estuaries and coastal waters throughout the world, but they also happen to be important human pathogens. They are concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish which are often consumed raw or undercooked, providing an important potential route of entry for an infective dose of these bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause abdominal cramping, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, chills and fever. Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar gastrointestinal-related symptoms, but can also spread to the bloodstream, resulting in primary septicaemia, and it can also cause disease via wound infections. The objective of this article is to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and importance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in South America, in environmental waters and seafood, especifically molluscan shellfish, as well as human infection cases and outbreaks. It appears that infections from V. parahaemolyticus have been more strongly related to shellfish ingestion and have been more frequently reported on the Pacific coast of South America. Conversely, V. vulnificus has been more frequently acquired by water contact with open wounds and its presence has been more heavily reported along the Atlantic coast of South America, and while documented to cause serious mortality, have been relatively few in number. The impacts of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been observed to cause an increase in V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks on the Pacific coast of South America. The implementation of a regulated monitoring approach, along with the use of faster, more accurate and virulence-specific detection approaches, such as PCR confirmation, should be considered to detect the presence of pathogenic Vibrio strains in environmental and seafood samples for protection of public health. Furthermore, improved clinical surveillance with suspected cases should be implemented. This review highlights the need for more research and monitoring of vibrios in South America, in water, shellfish and clinical samples.

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In folklore medicine, extracts of the leaves of the subtropical plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (sometimes known as Madagascar periwinkle) were reputed to be useful in the treatment of diabetes. This review describes how attempts to verify the antidiabetic properties of the extracts led instead to the discovery and isolation of two complex indole alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, which are used in the clinical treatment of a variety of cancers. The two alkaloids, although structurally almost identical, nevertheless differ markedly in the type of tumors that they affect and in their toxic properties. These and related alkaloids have been the subject of many pharmacological and biochemical investigations both in vivo and in vitro in the search for improved cancer treatments. A model system used in these studies, a transplantable lymphoma in Noble strain rats designated Nb2 node, has serendipitously led to the development of a highly sensitive and specific bioassay for lactogenic hormones.

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Both modalities of visual evoked potentials (VEP), flash (F) and pattern (P), were carried out in 17 patients with chronic Chagas disease. The patients included, between 21 and 65 years old, presented an evolution period of more than 7 years and a minimum of two positive serologies. Those patients with diabetes, alcoholism, leprosy, syphilis and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, so as intoxications of different etiologies, and visual disorders detected through ophthalmological examination were discarded. Everyone was studied by means of routine clinical and complementary analysis, electrocardiogram, ophthalmological examination and specific analyses for the disease, like Machado-Guerreiro reaction, immunofluorescence and hemoagglutination tests. The VEP results showed alterations in the morphology of the record and a decrease of the potential amplitude in 35% of these patients. The electroneurophysiological alterations would suggest a correlation with anatomopathologic findings, that show loss of neuronal groups in autopsies of chronic Chagasic patients.

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Se analizan las modificaciones que sufre el potencial evocado auditivo del tronco cerebral (PEAT) en la isquemia vertebrobasilar aguda, provocada con cirugía experimental, en 12 canes. Los PEAT obtenidos con monitoreo continuo del tronco cerebral, permitieron registros gráficos de cada una de las etapas de experimentación. Estos mostraron cambios tales como: aumentos de latencias de ondas II a V; aumento del tiempo de conducción central I-V e interpico III-V; disminución de la amplitud de las ondas generadas por el tronco cerebral en el sector III-V. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un marcado compromiso de los componentes intermedios del PEAT de ambas vías auditivas, a consecuencia de la isquemia aguda de la zona medial del tronco cerebral (TC) por la oclusión vertebrobasilar provocada. Las alteraciones observadas son mayores en el oído homolateral a la arteria ocluida. Las experiencias mostraron que la relación isquemia vertebrobasilar y las alteraciones del PEAT a nivel de los componentes intermedios, es directa. Esto establecería la validéz de este método como elemento de diagnóstico clínico localizador no invasivo. Es destacable como muy útil en el seguimiento de las afecciones vasculares isquémicas infratentoriales, que afectan casi exclusivamente la zona medial del TC.

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Se analizan las modificaciones que sufre el potencial evocado auditivo del tronco cerebral (PEAT) en la isquemia vertebrobasilar aguda, provocada con cirugía experimental, en 12 canes. Los PEAT obtenidos con monitoreo continuo del tronco cerebral, permitieron registros gráficos de cada una de las etapas de experimentación. Estos mostraron cambios tales como: aumentos de latencias de ondas II a V; aumento del tiempo de conducción central I-V e interpico III-V; disminución de la amplitud de las ondas generadas por el tronco cerebral en el sector III-V. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un marcado compromiso de los componentes intermedios del PEAT de ambas vías auditivas, a consecuencia de la isquemia aguda de la zona medial del tronco cerebral (TC) por la oclusión vertebrobasilar provocada. Las alteraciones observadas son mayores en el oído homolateral a la arteria ocluida. Las experiencias mostraron que la relación isquemia vertebrobasilar y las alteraciones del PEAT a nivel de los componentes intermedios, es directa. Esto establecería la validéz de este método como elemento de diagnóstico clínico localizador no invasivo. Es destacable como muy útil en el seguimiento de las afecciones vasculares isquémicas infratentoriales, que afectan casi exclusivamente la zona medial del TC. (AU)

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Measurements made on the components and on two assembled systems of a 2-m Ritchey-Chretien telescope have been used to determine the actual characteristics of the telescope. Sufficient precision has been obtained so that other focal ratio systems can be designed.

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