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INTRODUCTION: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit and one of the common nail diseases that occurs commonly in diabetic patients. It poses a threat of diabetic foot complications to diabetics and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients. OBJECTIVES: The overall aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of onychomycosis in diabetics, as well as the spectrum of causative fungi in Nigeria as compared with age and sex-matched controls. METHODOLOGY: This was a hospital-based, comparative cross-sectional study. One hundred and fifty consecutive adult diabetics and 150 healthy controls (accompanied persons and staff) matched for age and sex were recruited from the Diabetic Clinics and the Dermatology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla. The participants were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, nail scrapings were collected for fungal studies, and clippings for nail histopathology using Periodic Acid Schiff. RESULTS: The prevalence of onychomycosis among DM subjects was 45.3% vs. 35.3% in controls, which was not statistically significant (P value 0.078). Distal-lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type in both study groups and presented mainly with nail discolouration, onycholysis, and subungual hyperkeratosis. The most common fungi isolated were dermatophytes (Trichophyton soudanense), non-dermatophytes (Aspergillus spp.), and Candida species (Candida albicans). CONCLUSION: Onychomycosis in diabetics is a very common nail disorder in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria with a high prevalence. The presence of foot ulcers was associated with onychomycosis in diabetics, and they were more likely to have non-dermatophytic onychomycosis.

INTRODUCTION: L'onychomycose est une infection fongique de l'unité de l'ongle et l'une des maladies des ongles les plus courantes chez les patients diabétiques. Elle pose une menace de complications du pied diabétique et affecte négativement la qualité de vie des patients. OBJECTIFS: L'objectif général de l'étude était de déterminer la prévalence et les caractéristiques cliniques de l'onychomycose chez les diabétiques, ainsi que le spectre des champignons causaux au Nigeria par rapport à un groupe témoin apparié selon l'âge et le sexe. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale comparative réalisée en milieu hospitalier. Cent cinquante diabétiques adultes consécutifs et 150 témoins sains (personnes accompagnatrices et personnel) appariés selon l'âge et le sexe ont été recrutés dans les cliniques de diabète et la clinique de dermatologie de l'Hôpital Universitaire du Nigeria à Ituku-Ozalla. Les participants ont été interrogés à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré pré-testé, des échantillons de grattage d'ongles ont été prélevés pour des études fongiques, et des échantillons pour l'histopathologie des ongles utilisant l'acide périodique de Schiff. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence de l'onychomycose chez les sujets atteints de diabète était de 45,3 % contre 35,3 % chez les témoins, ce qui n'était pas statistiquement significatif (valeur de p 0,078). L'onychomycose sousunguéale distale-latérale était le type clinique le plus courant dans les deux groupes d'étude et se manifestait principalement par une décoloration des ongles, une onycholyse et une hyperkératose sousunguéale. Les champignons les plus couramment isolés étaient les dermatophytes (Trichophyton soudanense), les non-dermatophytes (Aspergillus spp.) et les espèces de Candida (Candida albicans). CONCLUSION: L'onychomycose chez les diabétiques est un trouble des ongles très courant dans le sud-est du Nigeria avec une prévalence élevée. La présence d'ulcères du pied était associée à l'onychomycose chez les diabétiques, et ils étaient plus susceptibles de présenter une onychomycose non-dermatophytique. MOTS - CLÉS: Onychomycose, Diabète sucré, Prévalence, Champignons, Nigeria.

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INTRODUCTION: Stroke is one of the commonest causes of medical admissions and mortality in Nigeria. Documenting the pattern of stroke and risk factors for stroke is important not only for public health policy makers but also for physicians in implementing both primary and secondary preventive programs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was therefore to document the pattern of stroke and risk factors for stroke in stroke patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Enugu. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). RESULTS: Data from 350 patients were included in the present study. The three commonest risk factors for stroke were diabetes (69.1%), hypertension (64.9%), and age 65 years and above (51.1%). A total of 74.9% of the patients had ischemic stroke and 25.1% had hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke was significantly higher in patients < 50 years (46.5%) and people with hypertension, (31.7%). About 31.4% of the patients had two risk factors and 28.6% had three risk factors. Age 65 years and above positively correlated with having ischemic stroke and hypertension positively correlated with hemorrhagic stroke. When controlled for age, the correlation between hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke was still significant. CONCLUSION: The reported frequency of ischemic stroke was 74.9% and of hemorrhagic stroke was 25.1%. The commonest risk factors for stroke documented among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Enugu were diabetes, hypertension, and age 65 years and above. When controlled for age, the correlation between hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke was still significant.

INTRODUCTION: L'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est l'une des causes les plus courantes d'admissions médicales et de mortalité au Nigeria. Il est important de documenter le profil des et les facteurs de risque des accidents vasculaires cérébraux sont importants non seulement pour le santé publique mais aussi pour les médecins dans la mise en œuvre des programmes de prévention primaire et secondaire. OBJECTIFS: L'objectif de cette étude était donc de documenter le modèle d'AVC et les facteurs de risque d'AVC chez les patients admis dans un hôpital tertiaire d'Enugu. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale menée à l'hôpital universitaire d'Enugu, Enugu. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du SPSS version 26 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). RÉSULTATS: Les données de 350 patients ont été incluses dans la présente étude. Les trois facteurs de risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral les plus courants étaient le diabète (69,1 %), l'hypertension (64,9 %) et l'âge de 65 ans et plus (51,1 %). Un total de 74,9 % des patients ont eu un AVC ischémique et 25,1 % un AVC hémorragique. L'AVC hémorragique était significativement plus élevé chez les patients < 50ans (46,5 %) et les personnes souffrant d'hypertension (31,7 %). Environ 31,4 % des patients présentaient deux facteurs de risque et 28,6 % trois facteurs de risque. Âge 65 ans et plus était positivement corrélé au fait d'avoir un AVC ischémique et l'hypertension était en corrélation positive avec l'AVC hémorragique. Après contrôle de l'âge, la corrélation entrel'hypertension et l'AVC hémorragique était toujours significative. CONCLUSION: La fréquence rapportée de l'accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique était de 74,9 %. et celle de l'AVC hémorragique était de 25,1 %. Les facteurs de risque les plus courants pour d'AVC documentés chez les patients victimes d'un AVC dans un hôpital tertiaire de Enugu étaient le diabète, l'hypertension et l'âge de 65 ans et plus. Lorsque l'âge, la corrélation entre l'hypertension et l'AVC hémorragique était toujours significative. MOTS CLÉS: AVC ischémique, AVC hémorragique, Facteurs de risque, Nigeria.

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Background: Skin disorders among primary school children are common in many countries, with a variable spectrum. They can constitute major health problems, resulting in considerable discomfort, parental anxiety, and embarrassment to the child. Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among primary school children in the Umuahia South local government area. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a 4-month period from December 2016 to March 2017 among school children consecutively recruited from their various primary schools. Result: A total of 1560 children aged 5 to 15 years with a mean age of 8.74 ± 2.079 years were studied. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 40.2%. The prevalence in public schools was 46.0%, whereas the prevalence in private schools was 33.2% (P < 0.001). Skin eruptions and itchy skin were the most common presentations, whereas tinea capitis, pityriasis versicolor, and scabies were the most common skin diseases noted among the school children. Conclusion: The prevalence of skin diseases in the population studied is high, especially in public schools. The most common manifestation of skin disease is rash, and the most common type of skin disease is tinea capitis. It is recommended that standard hygienic practices should be maintained by primary school children and their parents/caregivers to prevent skin diseases.

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BACKGROUND: Skin disorders frequently seen among primary school children are common causes of morbidity. Determining the risk factors of skin diseases, will enhance a better understanding of skin health and prevent skin diseases in school children. AIM: To determine the common risk factors of skin diseases among primary school children in Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a 4-month period among pupils of public and private primary schools. Diagnosis of skin diseases was based on clinical findings as well as laboratory investigations where indicated. A pre-tested, self-administered, close ended questionnaire was used to ascertain the risk factors of skin diseases. RESULTS: Eight hundred and forty-seven (847) and seven hundred and thirteen (713) subjects were recruited from public and private schools respectively. Fifty-six percent of the subjects were males. The mean age of the study participants was 8.74 ± 2.08 years. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 40.2%. Using a multivariate logistic regression, gender, number of people per room, frequency of bathing per week and source of water were found to be significant risk factors for skin diseases. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors and living conditions are significant risk factors of skin diseases. Standard hygienic practices by school children and their parents/ caregivers will help to reduce the high prevalence of skin diseases in our environment.

CONTEXTE: Les troubles cutanés fréquemment observés chez les enfants des écoles primaires sont des causes courantes de morbidité. Déterminer les facteurs de risque des maladies de la peau, permettra de mieux meilleure compréhension de la santé de la peau et de prévenir les maladies les enfants scolarisés. OBJECTIF: Déterminer les facteurs de risque communs des maladies cutanées chez les élèves de l'école primaire de la zone de Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State. MÉTHODES: Étude descriptive transversale menée pendant une période de 4 mois auprès d'élèves d'écoles primaires publiques et privées. Le diagnostic des maladies de la peau était fondé sur les cliniques ainsi que sur des examens de laboratoire, le cas échéant. Un questionnaire pré-testé, auto-administré et fermé a été utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs de risque des maladies de la peau a été utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs de risque des maladies de la peau. RÉSULTATS: Huit cent quarante-sept (847) et sept cent treize (713) personnes ont été recrutés respectivement dans des écoles publiques et privées respectivement. Cinquante-six pour cent des sujets étaient de sexe masculin. L'âge moyen des participants à l'étude était de 8,74 ± 2,08 ans. La prévalence globale des maladies de la peau était de 40,2 %. En utilisant une régression logistique multivariée, le sexe, le nombre de personnes par pièce, la fréquence des bains par semaine et la source d'eau se sont avérés être des facteurs de risque significatifs de maladies de la peau. CONCLUSION: Les facteurs sociodémographiques et les conditions de vie sont des facteurs de risque significatifs de maladies de la peau. Les pratiques hygiéniques normalisées des écoliers et de leurs parents ou parents/soignants contribueront à réduire la prévalence élevée des maladies de la peau dans notre environnement. MOTS CLÉS: Facteurs de risque, maladies de la peau, écoles, enfant.

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Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) represents only 1%-2% of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (TB). CTB can present in the isolation or coexist with pulmonary and disseminated forms of TB. Pathologically confirmed lupus vulgaris (LV) coexisting with lichen scrofulosorum with disseminated TB is presented and discussed. A 12-year-old boy presented with 2 years history of slowly progressive facial plaque and multiple skin colored papules on the neck. Tuberculin skin test was positive with a reading of > 20 mm. Histopathology revealed ulcerated areas with impetiginisation and keratopurulent debris. The entire skin showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with numerous granulomas in the superficial dermis consisting of Langhans-type multinucleated macrophages. Lesions responded to anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) with residual facial scar. LV and lichen scrofulosurum are two forms of CTB which rarely occurs together. This case is being presented to highlight the occurrence of this rare presentation and the need to institute ATT to prevent scarring.

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PURPOSE: Though most doctors in their professional life will provide care for people with epilepsy, many will not get further training in their professional life. There may be other barriers, perceived or not, to providing care to people living with epilepsy by doctors which need to be approached in the medical undergraduate curriculum and medical continuing education. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge gaps of medical students on basic issues regarding epilepsy that could be useful in preparing training material for the students and continuous medical education for doctors working in the community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in one of the medical schools in Enugu metropolis. Data collection was done using a semi-structured validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Seizure was regarded as a movement disorder by 10.3% of the students. The rank of causes of epilepsy given by respondents was brain injury (88%), brain tumor (87%) genetics (62.3%), and strokes (55.1%). Significantly more students who did neurology posting correctly answered that stroke is a risk factor (P < 0.001), disagreed that sleep deprivation is a risk factor (P = 0.04), and recognized different seizure types (P < 0.001-0.002). The mean score was 17.8 ± 2.3% (71.2 ± 9.2%); significantly higher in those who did neurology posting. Students scored lowest on questions regarding risk factors and duration of treatment. CONCLUSION: The content of medical curriculum in Africa should emphasize not only the content of lectures on epilepsy but also the need for students to go through neurology posting during their training. The outcome would be both better knowledge and improved physician-patient relations.

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BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is disfiguring in the darker racial ethnic group as a result of the sharp contrast between the normal skin and the depigmented skin. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and clinical profile of vitiligo patients at the dermatology clinic of an urban tertiary hospital of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. METHODS: All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of vitiligo seen at the Dermatology Clinic between October 2003 and October 2006, were included in the study. The diagnosis of vitiligo was made based on the clinical findings of depigmented macules or patches with a sharp margin, normal texture, intact sensations and no scaling. RESULTS: The diagnosis of vitiligo was made in 186 (2.8%) patients, with a slight female preponderance. Vitiligo affected all age groups: the youngest presented at age one and the oldest at eighty six years of age. The face and the limbs were the most affected parts of the body. Fifteen (0.81%) patients presented with features suggestive of associated autoimmune disease like, Type 1 Diabetes. CONCLUSION: The frequency of vitiligo in this study is similar to those obtained in previous studies from different parts of Nigeria. The patients will benefit from other modalities of management apart from the medical management offered hence a designated centre for management of vitiligo will be a respite to them.

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