RESUMEN
Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants. Soluble phosphate combines with heavy metals to form precipitation, reducing the content of available heavy metals, thereby reducing the absorption of heavy metals by crops, which plays an important role in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The effects of the immobilization of Cd and Pb and the release of PO43- by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium Klebsiella sp. M2 were studied through solution culture experiments. In addition, the effects of strain M2 on wheat uptake of Cd and Pb and its microbiological mechanism were also explored through pot experiments. The results showed that strain M2 reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb and increased the concentration of PO43- in the solution through cell wall adsorption and induced phosphate precipitation. Pot experiments showed that compared to those in the CK group and inactivated strain M2 group, inoculation with live strain M2 significantly increased ï¼123%-293%ï¼ the contents of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in rhizosphere soil, decreased the content of DTPA-Cd ï¼34.48%ï¼ and DTPA-Pb ï¼36.72%ï¼ in wheat rhizosphere soil, and thus hindered the accumulation of Cd and Pb in wheat grains. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing results showed that strain M2 significantly increased the diversity of wheat rhizosphere bacterial communitiesï¼ increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidota in wheat rhizosphere soilï¼ and increased the proportion of heavy metal-immobilizing and phosphorus-promoting bacteria in wheat rhizosphere soil ï¼mainly Sphingomonas, Nocardioides, Bacillus, Gemmatimonas, and Enterobacterï¼. These bacterial genera played an important role in immobilizing heavy metals and preventing wheat from absorbing heavy metals. These results provide bacterial resources and theoretical basis for the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated farmland.
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Cadmio , Klebsiella , Plomo , Metales Pesados , Fósforo , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Triticum , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/microbiología , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Fósforo/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Cadmio/metabolismo , Plomo/metabolismo , Klebsiella/metabolismo , Rizosfera , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/clasificaciónRESUMEN
AIM: To identify mtDNA and OGG1 as potential biomarker candidates for mechanical asphyxia. METHOD: The human tissues are divided into experimental group (hanging and strangulation) and control groups (hemorrhagic shock, brain injury group, and poisoning group). Detected the expression of OGG1 and integrity of mtDNA in cardiac tissue of each group. We used over-OGG1 vector and siRNA-OGG1 transfecting H9C2 cell line to observe the function of OGG1 in hypoxic cells. RESULTS: 1. mtDNA integrity decreased in the mechanical asphyxia group, OGG1 expression increased in mechanical asphyxia groups. They can be biomarkers for mechanical asphyxia. 2. OGG1 increased first and decreased in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. OGG1 upregulated the TFAM, NRF1, and Bcl2 in hypoxia-induced H9C2. OGG1 downregulated cleaved-Caspase3 in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. 3. In the normoxia condition, NAC maintained mtDNA integrity and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and amount of ATP. CONCLUSION: mtDNA integrity and OGG1 expression can be biomarkers for mechanical asphyxia. OGG1 can maintain mtDNA integrity and maintain the stability of the mitochondrial membrane.
Asunto(s)
Asfixia , Biomarcadores , ADN Glicosilasas , ADN Mitocondrial , ADN Glicosilasas/metabolismo , Humanos , ADN Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Asfixia/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Animales , Miocardio/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a key regulatory role in glucose homeostasis. In particular, the brain is important in initiating and coordinating protective counterregulatory responses when blood glucose levels fall. This may due to the metabolic dependency of the CNS on glucose, and protection of food supply to the brain. In healthy subjects, blood glucose is normally maintained within a relatively narrow range. Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can increase the risk of complications, such as heart disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The clinical research finds that the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a positive effect on the treatment of hypoglycemia. Here the authors reviewed the current understanding of sensing and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, and discuss combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine and the theory of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in diabetes treatment. Furthermore, the authors clarify the feasibility of treating hypoglycemia on the basis of TCM theory and CNS and have an insight on its clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Hipoglucemia/terapia , Medicina Tradicional China , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Hormonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglucemia/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the dynamic change in serum levels of activin A (ACTA) and C-reaction protein (CRP) in patients with brain injury, and to investigate its significance. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. A total of 57 adult patients with brain injury occurring within 24 hours admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled. The patients were allocated into three groups according to their Glasgow coma scale (GCS) as follows: minor brain injury (GCS 13-15, n=17), moderate brain injury (GCS 9-12, n=18), heavy brain injury (GCS 3-8, n=22). The clinical and related laboratory data (reflecting the function of liver, kidney, lung, blood coagulability etc.) were recorded after ICU admission. At the same time, venous samples were collected on the day 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 after ICU admission for determination of ACTA with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CRP with fluorescence immunoassay technology. The correlation between ACTA and CRP was analyzed by linear correlation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the accuracy of ACTA and CRP as a prognostic indicator in brain injury. Fifteen healthy persons were enrolled as the control group. RESULTS: The serum levels of ACTA and CRP in patients with minor, moderate and heavy brain injury were significantly higher than those in healthy control group [ACTA (µg/L): 23.96±3.55, 42.06±5.67, 52.32±4.46 vs. 13.66±2.45, all P<0.01; CRP (mg/L): 14.12±2.45, 23.05±2.85, 30.93±2.35 vs. 3.42±2.25, all P<0.01]. As the patients' condition worsening, levels of ACTA and CRP tended to elevate (all P<0.01). Levels of ACTA and CRP in minor, moderate and heavy brain injury groups were increased after ICU admission. On day 3, levels of serum ACTA and CRP reached the peak values [ACTA (µg/L):30.62±2.54, 51.35±2.55, 60.52±2.55; CRP (mg/L): 18.62±2.64, 30.35±2.25, 37.52±2.55], and then they lowered gradually. In minor and moderate brain injury groups, the levels of ACTA and CRP were slowly descending, and on day 7, they maintained at a lower level [ACTA (µg/L): 13.68±2.54, 37.74±2.55; CRP (mg/L): 6.68±2.44, 19.74±2.55]. On the contrary, the levels of ACTA and CRP in heavy brain injury group persistently maintained at a high level on day 7 [ACTA: (42.32±2.54) µg/L, CRP: (33.32±2.56) mg/L]. There were significant differences in ACTA and CRP among different degrees of brain injury groups (all P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between ACTA and CRP (r=0.958, P=0.007). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity for brain injury prediction was 93.3% for ACTA with specificity 95.0%, area under ROC curve(AUC) 0.843, and the sensitivity for CRP was 89.1% with specificity 68.2%, AUC 0.723. CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of ACTA and CRP in patients with brain injury are strongly correlated with the severity of the injury. Furthermore, ACTA is more sensitive than CRP in detecting early brain injury. Therefore, ACTA is a specific factor for detecting brain injury.