RESUMEN
Avaliaram-se o comprimento do infundíbulo, do magno, do istmo, do útero e da vagina e o número de pregas do magno e do istmo do oviduto de 20 marrecas Ana boschas na fase reprodutiva. O infundíbulo apresenta mucosa com pregas longitudinais e baixas, revestidas por epitélio pseudoestratificado cilíndrico ciliado, com células caliciformes. O magno, compartimento mais longo do oviduto, 25,38cm±3,20, encontra-se constituído por uma camada mucosa com pregas altas e espessas revestidas por células cilíndricas ciliadas e abundantes células caliciformes. O istmo é formado por uma mucosa com pregas estreitas e curtas e numerosas glândulas tubulares que se estendem para o interior da lâmina própria. O útero, região curta do oviduto, 5,25cm±1,26, apresenta parede com pregas e cristas baixas e numerosas glândulas tubulares enoveladas, dirigidas para o interior da lâmina própria. A vagina, um estreito tubo muscular, está constituído por oito anéis circulares, em média, e uma camada muscular altamente desenvolvida e espessa. A morfologia do oviduto da marreca apresenta características morfológicas e histológicas distintas dos galiniformes, observando-se que a vagina e a porção cranial do infundíbulo apresentam pregas e células caliciformes, respectivamente, sendo estas últimas estruturas ausentes nos galiniformes.
The length of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina, and the number of oviduct, magnum, and isthmus folds were evaluated in 20 Ana boschas female ducks in the reproductive phase. The infundibulum presented mucous membrane with longitudinal and short folds, covered by ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium, with goblet cells. Magnum, the longest oviduct compartment, 25.38cm±3.20, is constituted by mucous membrane with high and thick folds that are covered by ciliated columnar cells and many goblet cells. Isthmus is formed by mucous membrane with narrow and short folds, and many tubular glands that extend inside lamina propria. Uterus, an oviduct short region, 5.25cm±1.26, presented surface with short folds and crests, and numerous reeled tubular glands, that are directed inside lamina propria. Vagina, a strait muscular tube, is constituted by, approximately, eight circular rings, and a very developed and thick muscular layer. The oviduct morphology of female ducks presented different morphological and histological characteristics from Galliformes, because vagina and infundibulum cranial portion present folds and goblet cells, respectively, and the last cited structures are absent in Galliformes.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Adulto , Aves/anatomía & histología , Aves/fisiología , Genitales Femeninos/anatomía & histología , Genitales Femeninos/fisiología , Laparotomía/métodos , Laparotomía/veterinariaRESUMEN
Avaliaram-se o comprimento do infundíbulo, do magno, do istmo, do útero e da vagina e o número de pregas do magno e do istmo do oviduto de 20 marrecas Ana boschas na fase reprodutiva. O infundíbulo apresenta mucosa com pregas longitudinais e baixas, revestidas por epitélio pseudoestratificado cilíndrico ciliado, com células caliciformes. O magno, compartimento mais longo do oviduto, 25,38cm±3,20, encontra-se constituído por uma camada mucosa com pregas altas e espessas revestidas por células cilíndricas ciliadas e abundantes células caliciformes. O istmo é formado por uma mucosa com pregas estreitas e curtas e numerosas glândulas tubulares que se estendem para o interior da lâmina própria. O útero, região curta do oviduto, 5,25cm±1,26, apresenta parede com pregas e cristas baixas e numerosas glândulas tubulares enoveladas, dirigidas para o interior da lâmina própria. A vagina, um estreito tubo muscular, está constituído por oito anéis circulares, em média, e uma camada muscular altamente desenvolvida e espessa. A morfologia do oviduto da marreca apresenta características morfológicas e histológicas distintas dos galiniformes, observando-se que a vagina e a porção cranial do infundíbulo apresentam pregas e células caliciformes, respectivamente, sendo estas últimas estruturas ausentes nos galiniformes.(AU)
The length of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina, and the number of oviduct, magnum, and isthmus folds were evaluated in 20 Ana boschas female ducks in the reproductive phase. The infundibulum presented mucous membrane with longitudinal and short folds, covered by ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium, with goblet cells. Magnum, the longest oviduct compartment, 25.38cm±3.20, is constituted by mucous membrane with high and thick folds that are covered by ciliated columnar cells and many goblet cells. Isthmus is formed by mucous membrane with narrow and short folds, and many tubular glands that extend inside lamina propria. Uterus, an oviduct short region, 5.25cm±1.26, presented surface with short folds and crests, and numerous reeled tubular glands, that are directed inside lamina propria. Vagina, a strait muscular tube, is constituted by, approximately, eight circular rings, and a very developed and thick muscular layer. The oviduct morphology of female ducks presented different morphological and histological characteristics from Galliformes, because vagina and infundibulum cranial portion present folds and goblet cells, respectively, and the last cited structures are absent in Galliformes.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Adulto , Aves/anatomía & histología , Aves/fisiología , Genitales Femeninos/anatomía & histología , Genitales Femeninos/fisiología , Laparotomía/métodos , Laparotomía/veterinariaRESUMEN
A total of 120 Pekin ducks were distributed at random into four experimental groups, vaccinated or not against Newcastle disease (ND): G1 (Ulster 2C strain), G2 (B1 strain), G3 (LaSota strain), and G4 (nonvaccinated group). At 60 days of age, all groups were challenged with a pathogenic ND virus (NDV) suspension, and a group of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks (G5) was also inoculated. Cloacal and tracheal swabs from all birds were collected after six, 14, 20, and 30 days post-challenge for virus isolation. NDV was isolated in 100% of SPF chicks. Pekin ducks from all groups, vaccinated or not, did not show any ND clinical signs, demonstrating that these birds are not susceptible to ND clinical disease. In the control group (G4), the virus was isolated 20 to 30 days after challenge, suggesting their possible NDV carrier state. In the vaccinated groups, no virus was isolated. This demonstrates that vaccination of white Pekin ducks against NDV is important to reduce NDV shedding in the field.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT This study aimed the characterization of the importance of vaccination against Newcastle disease of white Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos). There were used 120 Pekin ducks, distributed at random into 4 groups, vaccinated or not. At 60 days of age, all groups were challenged with a pathogenic virus (NDV) suspension, EID50 = 108.15/0.1 mL and a group of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicks were used as control of the virus. Cloacal and tracheal swabs from each bird were collected after 6, 14, 20 and 30 days post-challenge for viral isolation in SPF embryonated eggs. White Pekin ducks of all groups did not demonstrate symptoms of the Newcastle Disease (ND). They were refractory to the ND clinical disease. In Pekin ducks from control group, the viral isolation was obtained from 20 up to 30 days after challenge. The NDV isolation was possible in 100% of SPF chicks that died after challenge with ND clinical signs, suggesting the possible state of carrier of NDV by Pekin ducks. In vaccinated groups, the viral isolation was null. It was also demonstrated therefore the relevance of the vaccination to control the virus dissemination by white Pekin ducks infected with NDV.
RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a importância da vacinação de marrecos de Pequim (Anas platyrhynchos) contra a Doença de Newcastle (DN). Foram utilizados 120 marrecos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos, vacinados ou não. Aos 60 dias de idade, todos os grupos foram desafiados com uma suspensão de vírus patogênico (VDN), EID50 = 108,15/0,1 mL e um grupo de aves livres de patógenos específicos (SPF) foi utilizado como controle do vírus . Suabes cloacais e traqueais foram colhidos após 6, 14, 20 e 30 dias após o desafio para isolamento viral, realizado em ovos embrionados SPF. Os marrecos de Pequim de nenhum dos grupos demonstraram sinais clínicos da DN, mostrando-se refratários à doença clínica. Nos marrecos do grupo controle, o isolamento viral foi positivo de 20 até 30 dias após o desafio, sugerindo o possível estado de portador do VDN pelos marrecos de Pequim. Foi realizado o isolamento viral em 100% das aves SPF, que apresentaram sinais clínicos e vieram a óbito após o desafio com o VDN. Nos grupos vacinados, o isolamento do VDN foi nulo. Tais dados demonstraram a importância da vacinação para o controle da disseminação do vírus pelos marrecos de Pequim infectados pelo VDN.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT The study was divided into three experiments. In the first one, broilers were distributed into six groups and vaccinated against infectious bursal disease at 14 days of age: T1-not vaccinated, T2-Lukert1 (intermediate), T3-Lukert2 (intermediate plus), T4-228E, T5-V877 and T6-Winterfield 2512 (hot strains). Bursas of Fabricius (BF) were collected at 17, 21, 28 and 35 days to measure BF relative weight (BFRW), diameter, histological examination and image processing analysis (IPA). At one, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, samples of blood taken from eight birds from each group for serology analysis by ELISA test. Hot strains vaccines induced reduction of BFRW and BF diameter, higher histological score lesion degree, more lymphocyte depletion on the BF follicles and higher IBD antibody titer. In the second experiment, 16 birds from groups T1 to T6 were isolated and challenged with a very virulent strain of IBDV (vvIBDV) at 25 days of age. Only groups T4, T5 and T6 were totally protected against vvIBDV challenge. In the third experiment, the immunosuppressive potential of each vaccine was determined by examining the ability of IBDVvaccinated birds to respond to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination and challenge. None of the vaccines was found to be immunodepressive.
RESUMO O estudo foi dividido em três experimentos. No primeiro, frangos foram distribuídos em seis grupos e vacinados contra a Doença Infecciosa da Bursa (IBD) aos 14 dias de idade: T1-não vacinados, T2-Lukert1 (intermediária), T3-Lukert2 (intermediária plus), T4-228E, T5-V877 e T6-Winterfield 2512 (cepa forte). As bursas de Fabrícius (BF) foram colhidas aos 17, 21, 28 e 35 dias para mensurar o seus pesos relativos da BF (BFRW), diâmetros, exames histológicos e processamento de imagem imagens(IPA). Ao primeiro, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de idade, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de oito aves de cada grupo para a realização de sorologia através do método ELISA indireto. As vacinas cepa forte induziram redução do BFRW peso e do diâmetro da BF, maior grau de lesão histológica e depleção linfocitária e títulos mais elevados de anticorpos. No segundo experimento, 16 aves dos grupos T1 ao T6 foram isoladas e desafiadas com o vírus muito virulento da IBD (vvIBDV) aos 25 dias de idade. Somente os grupos T4, T5 e T6 foram completamente protegidos do desafio com vvIBDV. No terceiro experimento, o potencial imunossupressor de cada vacina foi determinado através da capacidade das aves vacinadas responderem à vacinação contra a Doença de Newcastle (ND) e posterior desafio. Nenhuma vacina apresentou-se imunossupressora.
RESUMEN
A total of 120 Pekin ducks were distributed at random into four experimental groups, vaccinated or not against Newcastle disease (ND): G1 (Ulster 2C strain), G2 (B1 strain), G3 (LaSota strain), and G4 (nonvaccinated group). At 60 days of age, all groups were challenged with a pathogenic ND virus (NDV) suspension, and a group of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks (G5) was also inoculated. Cloacal and tracheal swabs from all birds were collected after six, 14, 20, and 30 days post-challenge for virus isolation. NDV was isolated in 100% of SPF chicks. Pekin ducks from all groups, vaccinated or not, did not show any ND clinical signs, demonstrating that these birds are not susceptible to ND clinical disease. In the control group (G4), the virus was isolated 20 to 30 days after challenge, suggesting their possible NDV carrier state. In the vaccinated groups, no virus was isolated. This demonstrates that vaccination of white Pekin ducks against NDV is important to reduce NDV shedding in the field.
RESUMEN
RESUMO Foram realizados estudos para esclarecimento do real papel exercido pela perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens), no plano epidemiológico, dentro da perspectiva de fonte de infecção do vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN). Para tanto, foram empregadas aves SPF ("specificpathogen free") conviventes com perdizes inoculadas com uma estirpe patogênica (velogênica viscerotrópica) do VDN ( DIE50 = 108,15/ 0,1 mL), pela via óculo-nasal. Cada grupo foi constituído por 6 aves SPF e 6 perdizes. Decorridos cinco (grupo 1), 15 (grupo 2) e 30 dias (grupo 3) após inoculação das perdizes com VDN, 6 aves SPF foram alojadas junto a cada grupo de perdizes, havendo contato direto entre as espécies. Decorridos também 5, 15 e 30 dias após o desafio das perdizes com o VDN, foram colhidos suabes de cloaca das perdizes, para o isolamento viral (vírus patogênico) em embriões de galinhas SPF. As perdizes apresentaram-se refratárias à doença clínica com o VDN. Nestas, o isolamento viral ocorreu de 5 até 15 dias após o desafio com o VDN, demonstrando-se assim o estado de portador do VDN da perdiz, passados até 15 dias da infecção experimental com este patógeno. Já 100% das aves SPF conviventes com perdizes infectadas com o VDN, passados agora 5 (grupo 1) e 15 dias (grupo 2), morreram de 4 a 8 dias após o contato direto entre as espécies. Nestas, os sintomas clínicos e lesões sugestivos da enfermidade de Newcastle foram confirmados pelo reisolamento e identificação do VDN, a partir de suabes de traquéia e cloaca. Desse modo, ficou evidente a transmissão de vírus patogênico (VDN) da perdiz, decorridos até 15 dias da infecção experimental com este patógeno, para aves SPF conviventes, o que vem realçar a importância da perdiz (Rhynchotus rufescens), do ponto de vista epidemiológico, como fonte potencial de infecção do VDN para aves domésticas em convívio ou próximas a sua criação.
ABSTRACT Studies were made to clarify the real role that was played by the partridge (Rhynchotus rufescens) in the epidemiological plan, under the perspective of its being an infection source of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). For this, the study used specific-pathogen-free birds (SPF) that were housed with partridges inoculated with a pathogenic strain (velogenic viscerotropic) of NDV (DIE50=108,15/0,1 mL), by the ocular-nasal via. Each group was composed by 6 SPF birds and 6 partridges. At 5, 15 and 30 days after the inoculation of the partridgeswith NDV, 6 SPF birds were put together with each group of partridges, so that there was a direct contact between the species. After 5, 15 and 30 days since the challenge of the partridge with NDV, the samples were collected by means of cloacal swabs of the partridge for the viral isolation (pathogenic virus) in SPF embryos. There was no clinical disease in the partridges inoculated with NDV. Therefore, there was viral isolation from 5 to 15 days after the challenge with the NDV, demonstrating, this way the state of carrier of the partridge NDV which happened until 15 days of the experimental infection with this pathogen. So, 100% of the SPF birds which were housed with the NDV infected partridges, after 5 (group 1) and 15 days (group 2), died from four to eight days after the direct contact among species. This way, the transmission of the pathogenic virus of the partridgeswas evident until 15 days of the experimental infection with this pathogen (NDV) for the SPF birds that were housed together, and that calls the attention to the importance of the partridges from the epidemiological point of view as potential source of infection of the NDV to domestical birds that housed with these specie or near this breeding.