RESUMEN
The advent of Anti- VEGFs like Lucentis (Ranibizumab), Eylea (Aflibercept) and off-label Avastin (Bevacizumab) have radically improved visual outcomes in patients of neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration (nARMD), Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO). It is a matter of great concern that the US patents for Ranibizumab and Aflibercept expired in 2020 with European patents to expire in 2022 and 2025, respectively. With the expiry of these biologics, Biosimilars can prove to be saviours in the posterior segment pharmacotherapy owing to their cost effectiveness and availability of various options. Numerous biosimilars are expected to gain approval for clinical use from the US-FDA and EMA soon. Biobetters are better than the original biologic in one or more parameters but require more research and development resources. With the emergence of better manufacturing and purification processes it is imperative that the biologics and biosimilars become better. The Ophthalmologists need to have in depth knowledge about these Biosimilars and Biobetters before these molecules take over the mainstream market.
RESUMEN
The National Health Services (NHS - UK) is a government-run organisation that provides free healthcare to everyone, irrespective of their ability to afford healthcare. Even though the NHS has its fair share of shortcomings, it has been one of the best healthcare systems of the world. India dreams of replicating the model of health services in some of the developed countries, the prime example being of the NHS in the United Kingdom (UK). We have a vision to take the public expenditure of healthcare to 2.5% of GDP by 2025 and launch India's very own "NHS" model or "Modicare" - which includes the newly formed Nation Health Protection Scheme (NHPS) 2018 as a part of the Ayushman Bharat programme. There are a lot of challenges in the path to achieve this dream here in India. The population of this nation deserves a budget that focuses on healthcare more than defence.