RESUMEN
The objective of changing the simple exploitation of fish stocks to highly efficient fish farms in lakes and reservoirs is to improve the productivity of inland freshwater fish. The small- and medium-sized lakes can be used to increase the production of farmed fish with lake management. Therefore, this study proposed to investigate the production and economic efficiency of carp in lake commercial fish farms. In this investigation, the results of carp farming experiments in fish farms in small lake commercial fish farms (LCFF) are evaluated using advanced methods and techniques. The research was carried out based on the Voroshilovsky reservoir, which operated in the LCFF mode. The farm had hatchery and carp fry ponds for expanding fingerlings based on the "Scientific and production center of fishery" LLP from 2019 to 2020. This study was performed on different types of common carp and herbivorous fish (grass and silver carp), and sexual products were collected in fried ponds and the Voroshilovsky reservoir. The absolute growth gain of common carp, silver carp, and grass carp were 301.00, 300.40, and 577.00 grams, respectively, and their mean daily weight gain values were 2.50, 2.50, and 4.80 grams. Common carp recorded the highest level of planned fish productivity (169.30 kg/ha), and the lowest level of this trait was grass carp (43.50 kg/ha). Data of mean weight and body length of common carp, grass carp, and silver carp fishes showed a variation of 4.55 kg and 56.25 cm, 6.06 kg and 75.50 cm, as well as 6.30 Kg and 75.05 cm, respectively. This difference can be justified according to the variance of fish length, which on average, 80 grams of weight is obtained per centimeter of fish length. The economic efficiency of carp was calculated, and the net profit was determined at more than 50% of total income. According to the net profit indicator, due to the implementation of a part of the fingerlings, the carp reared in the pond area; as a result, this method is profitable and accounts for 104% of the total planned economic profit. Therefore, fish production from aquaculture can rise to 10 times to maintain high-quality food security and other essential nutrients, provide job opportunities, and cash income to help job-seeking youth.
Asunto(s)
Carpas , Animales , Acuicultura , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Kazajstán , LagosRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of local therapy with polyhexamethylene biguanid hydrochloride (BIGUANELLE) in women with anaerobic vaginal infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We include in our study 23 women (18-50) with established by AMSEL criteria bacterial vaginosis. In all of the women at the beginning and at the end of the survey was performed gynecological examination and microbiological research (AMSEL). The therapeutic scheme at all women is with a single vaginal application of gynecological solution BIGUANELLE. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated according to clinical complaints and microbiological research (Amsel criteria: Ph 4.5 >; KOH (+); "clue cells"; specific vaginal fluorine). Tolerability of patients to treatment was assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Clinical complaints of patients after the therapy decreased as follows: vaginal fluorine with 73.9%; odor--75%; pruritus--50%; discomfort--90%. Microbiological research and their evaluation by AMSEL, showed the therapeutic efficacy of the therapy in 16 (69.6%) of all (n-23) patients. At 7 (30.4%) women, the treatment remained without effect. At questionnaire answers, 73.9% patients were satisfied with the application of BIGUANELLE, 95.6% of them have implemented it easily, 95.6% of women believe that BIGUANELLE is more convenient to use in comparison with similar products which have a daily application, and none of the patients (100%) have any complaints in applying this gynecological solution. CONCLUSIONS: BIGUANELLE showed good clinical efficacy in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. It is easily applied and well tolerated by the patients.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales/uso terapéutico , Biguanidas/uso terapéutico , Vagina/microbiología , Vaginosis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Intravaginal , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos Locales/administración & dosificación , Antiinfecciosos Locales/efectos adversos , Biguanidas/administración & dosificación , Biguanidas/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vaginosis Bacteriana/microbiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Silicon nanocrystals (Si-nc) embedded in SiO(2) matrix and obtained by ion implantation (50keV, 1.0x10(17)Si/cm(2)) were characterized by means of three different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques: Dark Field (DF), Scanning TEM Annular Dark Field (STEM-ADF) and Z contrast. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique for the characterization of the Si-nc were evaluated and discussed. DF imaging, which has the best contrast, was chosen to give the average Si-nc size evaluated to 5.6nm. On the other hand, STEM-ADF, which is only sensitive to the crystalline phase, provided an evaluation of the Si-nc density of 3.27x10(17)nc/cm(3). Finally, comparison between the STEM-ADF and Z contrast imaging permitted to evaluate the amorphous phase remaining after the annealing to around 12%.
RESUMEN
The ras-related GTPase rab5 is rate-limiting for homotypic early endosome fusion. We used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify a rab5 interacting protein, rab5ip. The cDNA sequence encodes a ubiquitous 75-kDa protein with an N-terminal transmembrane domain (TM), a central coiled-coil structure, and a C-terminal region homologous to several centrosome-associated proteins. rab5ip lacking the transmembrane domain (rab5ipTM(-)) had a greater affinity in vitro for rab5-guanosine 5'-O-2-(thio)diphosphate than for rab5-guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate. In transfected HeLa cells, rab5ipTM(-) was partly cytosolic and localized (by immunofluorescence) with a rab5 mutant believed to be in a GDP conformation (GFP-rab5(G78A)) but not with GFP-rab5(Q79L), a GTPase-deficient mutant. rab5ip with the transmembrane domain (rab5ipTM(+)) was completely associated with the particulate fraction and localized extensively with GFP-rab5(wt) in punctate endosome-like structures. Overexpression of rab5ipTM(+) using Sindbis virus stimulated the accumulation of fluid-phase horseradish peroxidase by BHK-21 cells, and homotypic endosome fusion in vitro was inhibited by antibody against rab5ip. rab5ipTM(-) inhibited rab5(wt)-stimulated endosome fusion but did not inhibit fusion stimulated by rab5(Q79L). rab5ip represents a novel rab5 interacting protein that may function on endocytic vesicles as a receptor for rab5-GDP and participate in the activation of rab5.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Endosomas/fisiología , Fusión de Membrana/fisiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab5/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/química , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Endosomas/ultraestructura , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/metabolismo , Guanosina Difosfato/análogos & derivados , Guanosina Difosfato/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Membranas Intracelulares/fisiología , Membranas Intracelulares/ultraestructura , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Cinética , Proteínas Luminiscentes/análisis , Proteínas Luminiscentes/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Prenilación de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tionucleótidos/metabolismo , Transfección , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab5/genéticaRESUMEN
Tryptic proteolysis of the small GTPases Rab4 and Rab5 is a multi-step, nucleotide-dependent process. Using N-terminal peptide sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS and molecular modelling, we identified the three initial sites of proteolysis in Rab5 as Arg-4, Arg-81 and Arg-197. Arg-4 and Arg-81 lie within regions previously implicated in Rab5 endocytic function, and Arg-197 lies in a region involved in membrane targeting. Topologically, Arg-81 lies within the conformationally variable Switch II region shown to be important for protein-protein interactions of other GTPases. Homology modelling studies on Rab5 indicate that the Arg-81 side chain is buried in the Rab5 GTP conformation, but is solvent-accessible in the GDP conformation, explaining the dependence of proteolysis on nucleotides. Peptide mapping of Rab4 was performed to take advantage of additional scissile bonds within Switch II to determine more precisely the limits of the nucleotide-dependent protease-accessible region. The Rab4 cleavage sites corresponded to Arg-81 and Pro-87 of Rab5, and taken together with the finding that Rab5 was not cleaved at Arg-91 this analysis defines an eight-residue surface-exposed conformationally variable region lying in the centre of Switch II. A sequence comparison of Rab proteins shows these eight residues to have a loosely conserved motif that we term Switch II(v) for its relative variability. C-terminal to Switch II(v) is a highly conserved Rab-specific YYRGA motif that we term Switch II(c) for its constant sequence. N-terminal to Switch II(v) is a sequence-invariant G-domain involved in nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. We propose that the Rab Switch II(v) region imparts specificity to nucleotide-dependent protein-protein interactions.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al GTP/química , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arginina , Sitios de Unión , Secuencia Conservada , Guanosina Difosfato/metabolismo , Guanosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Conformación Proteica , Análisis de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tripsina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab4 , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab5RESUMEN
We investigate thin phase polarization holographic gratings recorded with two waves with orthogonal linear polarizations in materials in which illumination with linearly/circularly polarized light gives rise to linear/circular birefringence. The theoretical analysis shows that the presence of circular photoanisot-ropy changes significantly the diffraction characteristics of the gratings. The intensities of the waves diffracted in the +1 and -1 orders of diffraction and their ratio depend substantially on the reconstructing-wave polarization. Experiments with films of side-chain liquid-crystalline azobenzene polyester that is a photoanisotropic material of the considered type confirm the unusual polarization properties. It is shown that polarization holography may be used for real-time simultaneous measurement of photoinduced linear and circular birefringence.
RESUMEN
Rab5 is a Ras-related GTPase which regulates endosomal fusion. The D136N mutant of Rab5, which was predicted to switch specificity from guanine to xanthine nucleotides, was expressed in E. coli, extracted with urea, purified by column chromatography, and refolded by stepwise dialysis against buffer containing XDP. The purified protein bound xanthine nucleotides with considerably higher affinity than guanine nucleotides. In vitro prenylation of the mutant protein was highly dependent on xanthosine diphosphate. In contrast, both the wild type and mutant proteins were protected from proteolysis equally well by non-cognate and cognate triphosphate nucleosides at high concentration. The D136N Rab5 mutant appears to be a valuable reagent in conjunction with xanthine nucleotides for the study of protein-nucleotide interactions in systems in which multiple GTPases are active, although interactions with non-cognate nucleotides should be evaluated if they are present at high concentration.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Nucleótidos/metabolismo , Xantinas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Escherichia coli , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/química , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/genética , Guanosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Prenilación de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Ribonucleótidos/metabolismo , Tripsina/metabolismo , Xantina , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab5RESUMEN
The arsenic exposure in the main departments and occupational groups of the copper smelter in Pirdop has been estimated in the present study. The contents of arsenic is measured in the air and in biological samples--urine and nails. At most of the workplaces the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations do not exceed the threshold limit value (0.05 mg/m3). The maximum TWA level is about three times higher. The intake of arsenic is significantly increased in almost all observed occupational groups. However, the excretion of only 8% of the workers is higher than the maximum background level (100 micrograms/l). The estimated degree of exposure corresponds to a low health risk. Some of the most heavily exposed occupational groups may be expected to reach higher levels of intake and health risk.
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Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/análisis , Arsénico/análisis , Cobre , Metalurgia , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Análisis de Varianza , Bulgaria , Electrólisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Uñas/química , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Interferential currents applied to the forearm fracture region of 80 patients with Sudeck atrophy eliminated hemodynamic changes in the affected limb as shown by capillaroscopy, rheovasography. The effect of the treatment is attributed to recovery of normal blood flow and microcirculation in the region of bone atrophy as well as analgetic action of pulse current.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/rehabilitación , Adulto , Capilares/fisiopatología , Traumatismos del Antebrazo/complicaciones , Fracturas Óseas/complicaciones , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Uñas/irrigación sanguínea , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/etiología , Distrofia Simpática Refleja/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
We describe an experimental set up that measures material optical anisotropy and its eventual evolution in real time. The setup is based on a new photopolarimeter that measures the four Stokes parameters of quasi-monochromatic light quickly and simultaneously. The photoinduced anisotropy in the material optical constants is determined from the measured Stokes parameters. The features of the experimental setup are demonstrated by simultaneous measurement of the photoinduced changes in dichroism and birefringence of layers of rigid solutions of azodyes in polymethyl methacrylate, for which it is known that linearly polarized light orients the dye molecules.
RESUMEN
A method of polarization (vector) wavefront reversal by four-wave mixing in a photoanisotropic material is described. Jones matrices, describing the dynamic holographic gratings recorded in the material at arbitrary polarization of the signal wave, are derived. They are employed to define the conditions for generating a wave that is fully conjugate (by polarization as well) to the signal wave. The way to achieving these conditions by optically controlling the anisotropy of the nonlinear medium is demonstrated experimentally.
RESUMEN
A new organic material for polarization holographic recording--azo-dye methyl-orange, introduced in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)--is fabricated and investigated. It possesses all the good characteristics of the known polarization-sensitive materials--high sensitivity, reversibility, etc.--but excels them substantially in the magnitude of the photoinduced birefringence: delta n > 10(-3). This makes possible the recording of reversible polarization gratings with diffraction efficiency over 30%. Depending on the conditions of production and subsequent mechanical and thermal treatments the layers of methyl orange/PVA may also have intrinsic birefringence. In this paper the results of experimental investigations into the properties of this new material are reported.