RESUMEN
The aim of the following study was to evaluate the effect of a purified saponin mixture (PSM), isolated from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. (Fabaceae), on enzyme-induced and non-enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), in liver microsomes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) - strain Okamoto Aoki, as compared to normotensive Wistar rats (NTRs). The enzyme-induced lipid peroxidation was performed by incubating rat liver microsomes with carbonetetrachloride (CCl(4)) in the presence of NADPH. In nonenzyme-induced LPO, the microsomes were incubated with a solution of iron sulphate and ascorbinic acid (Fe(2+)/AA). The effect of PSM (196.5 microg/ml) was assessed at 20 minutes' incubation time. MDA, a product of LPO, was measured spectrophotometrically. The results of our study showed that the initial MDA quantity in SHRs was significantly higher, than in NTRs. The incubation of the microsomes from both strains with PSM (196.5 microg/ml), resulted in significant reduction of MDA level, by 25% in SHRs. In NTRs, the formation of MDA was unchanged. In enzyme-induced LPO model, PSM significantly decreased the formation of MDA, by 55% in NTRs and by 35% in SHRs, compared to the respective control groups. In the model of non-enzyme induced LPO, PSM significantly decreased the formation of MDA by 95% in NTRs and practically restored it to the control level. The MDA quantity in SHR's microsomes was reduced by 25%. According to the results of this experiment we could conclude that PSM, isolated from Astragalus corniculatus, shows antioxidant activity both in SHRs and NTRs and the effect in NTRs is more pronounced.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Planta del Astrágalo/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Saponinas/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Ascórbico , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Compuestos de Hierro , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , NADP , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Wistar , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , EspectrofotometríaRESUMEN
Investigations on the effect of purified saponin mixture (PSM) obtained from the aerial parts of Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. (Fabaceae) on mitogen response of the spleen cells in Graffi tumor bearing (GTBH) and healthy hamsters were reported. The saponin mixture in a doses of 50mg/kg b.w. was injected i.p. 4 times starting simultaneously with implantation of tumor cells. Stimulation indices to phytohemagglutinine (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of lymphocytes in spleens of tumor bearing hamsters (TBH) were significantly decreased during the whole period of the observation. It was established that PSM stimulated the functions of spleen cells in Graffi-TBH, resulting in increased mitogen response to PHA and LPS. The stimulation was better expressed in healthy PSM-treated hamsters. The proliferation response of spleen lymphocytes to PSM was also found. PSM did not change the in vitro proliferation ability of Graffi tumor cells. The results obtained proved the immunostimulating and immunorestorating activity of PSM on the T- and B-spleen cells in healthy and GTBH hamsters, as well as the proliferative response of it to PSM.
Asunto(s)
Planta del Astrágalo/química , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mitógenos/farmacología , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Saponinas/farmacología , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cricetinae , Linfocitos/inmunología , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Saponinas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A purified saponin mixture (PSM) from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. protected significantly hamsters against the experimental Graffi myeloid tumor. The application of PSM increased the survival rates, prolonged mean survival time and the tumor growth was markedly reduced. A purified saponin mixture (PSM) of Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. was evaluated for its immunostimulating potentials on the phagocytic cells in Graffi-tumor bearing hamsters. The number, migration and phagocytic indexes of peritoneal macrophages (pMøs) and of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were evaluated in healthy and Graffi-tumor bearing hamsters (G-TBH) treated with PSM. It was established that the Graffi myeloid tumor induced suppression of the phagocytic abilities of pMøs and PMNs. The number and migration of pMøs was significantly decreased during the whole period of observation. All tested parameters-number, migration and phagocytic activities of pMøs, as well as phagocytic ability of PMNs increased significantly in healthy and G-TBH after i.p. application of the 50 mg/kg body weight PSM. The PMS extracts from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. are isolated and examined and their immunostimulating and immunorestorating impact on phagocitic cells was proven for the first time. This effect could be due to their high content of purified saponins.
Asunto(s)
Planta del Astrágalo/química , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Saponinas/farmacología , Animales , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cricetinae , Femenino , Compuestos de Hierro Carbonilo , Compuestos de Hierro/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneales/fisiología , Masculino , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentales/fisiopatología , Neutrófilos/fisiología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
A purified mixture containing mostly saponins (PMS) from Astragalus corniculatus Bieb. was used in an in vivo model to demonstrate its protective effect against myeloid Graffi tumour in hamsters. Survivability, tumour growth and tumour transplantability were followed. Comparative studies revealed that the intraperitoneal administration of PMS: (i) decreased the tumour transplantability; (ii) inhibited tumour growth in the early stages of tumour progression; (iii) increased the mean survival time; (iv) reduced the percentage mortality. These results suggest that appropriate use of PMS could outline a promising strategy for the treatment of myeloid Graffi tumour.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Planta del Astrágalo , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Mieloma Múltiple/prevención & control , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Saponinas/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Ratones , Neoplasias Experimentales/prevención & control , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Saponinas/administración & dosificación , Saponinas/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio/efectos de los fármacos , Arteria Pulmonar/efectos de los fármacos , Serotonina/farmacología , Animales , Aorta/ultraestructura , Endotelio/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Arteria Pulmonar/ultraestructura , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
A highly developed vacuolar apparatus is found in aorta and pulmonary trunk smooth muscle cells and elastic cartilage chondrocytes, and its relationship with cytoplasmic microtubules is described. The Golgi complex as well as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) may be the intracellular sources of the components of the vacuolar apparatus. Some vacuoles, Golgi-related only, showed an association with microtubules. Smooth muscle cells which contained vacuoles derived from RER did not possess Golgi vacuoles and microtubules. In chondrocytes, both Golgi-related and RER vacuoles coexisted in a single cell. 2 main secretory pathways are suggested to operate in smooth muscle cells and chondrocytes: Golgi and RER pathway. The former requires an intact cell tubulin system (cytoplasmic microtubules and membrane-bound tubulin), while the latter is probably microtubule-independent.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago/ultraestructura , Tejido Elástico/ultraestructura , Microtúbulos/ultraestructura , Músculo Liso Vascular/ultraestructura , Organoides/ultraestructura , Vacuolas/ultraestructura , Animales , Aorta , Retículo Endoplásmico/ultraestructura , Aparato de Golgi/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica , ConejosRESUMEN
In the microcirculatory system of mature human placental villi (small arteries, arterioles and venules respectively, pre- and postcapillaries, capillaries, and postcapillary venules) two endothelial cell types do exist. Numerous micropinocytotic vesicles are common to both types. In addition type I cells are distinguished by bundles of filaments which are probably contractile. Type II cells, however, are marked by a highly developed rough endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. In all vascular parts examined type I cells predominate. The number of endothelial cells with secretory granules decreases in the direction of the venous vascular bed.