RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Eosinophils are blood cells responsible for response against parasites and allergens. Eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) is a biomarker for inflammatory conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the role of eosinophils and ELR in COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 96 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. They were classified into moderate to severe cases and critical cases. Eosinophils and ELR were determined in both groups, in patients that died or survived and were correlated to duration of hospitalization. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in eosinophils and ELR between patients that died and patients that survived (p<0.05), and in mean values of the two biomarkers (p<0.05 for eosinophils and p<0.05 for ELR) between patients hospitalized for more or less than 15 days among those with moderate to severe disease. CONCLUSION: Lower eosinophil counts and ERL could probably predict worse outcome in COVID-19 patients.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/diagnóstico , Eosinófilos , Linfocitos , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Current standard treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy but patient's prognosis remains poor and present severe side-effects. Contemporary oncology found a wide variety of novel anticancer drugs that regulate the epigenetic mechanisms of tumor genesis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes with pleiotropic activities that control critical functions of the cell through regulation of the acetylation states of histone proteins and other non-histone protein targets. They are divided into four groups, each with different localization in the cell, role and structure. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are substances, which inhibit the function of HDACs. We recognize four leading groups (hydroxamic acid, cyclic tetrapeptide, benzamide, aliphatic acid). There are many HDACIs currently in pre-clinical and two (vorinostat, romidepsin) in clinical stages of investigation for pancreatic cancer. Numerous studies argue for the use HDACIs as monotherapy, others suggest that combination of HDACIs with other antitumor drugs has better therapeutic results. This review focuses on the use of HDACIs as novel anticancer drugs and will explain the mechanisms of therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Benzamidas/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Grasos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/clasificación , Histona Desacetilasas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologíaRESUMEN
AIM: This review focuses on nuclear receptors expressed in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive search of articles published up to March 2013 was conducted using the MEDLINE database. The key words used were "pancreatic cancer", "molecular receptors" and "growth factors". A total of 112 articles referred to pancreatic cancer, molecular receptors and/or growth factors were included. RESULTS: Receptors of growth factors, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and others, such as integrin α5ß1, somatostatin receptors, the death receptor 5, claudin, notch receptors, mesothelin receptors, follicle-stimulating hormone receptors, the MUC1 receptor, the adrenomedullin receptor, the farnesoid X receptor, the transferrin receptor, sigma-2 receptors, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, the ephrine A2 receptor, the GRIA3 receptor, the RON receptor and the angiotensin II receptor AT-1 are expressed in pancreatic tumor cells. These molecules are implicated in tumor growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis etc. CONCLUSION: After identifying the molecular receptors associated with the pancreatic cancer, many more target molecules playing important roles in tumor pathophysiology and senescence-associated signal transduction in cancer cells will be identified. This may have a significant influence on diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.