RESUMEN
The products arising from the ozonolysis of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) in solution have been studied using negative ion mode electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Oleic acid is an important component of atmospheric organic aerosol and is a key model species in predicting aerosol physical and chemical characteristics. The four predicted reaction products, 1-nonanal, nonanoic acid, 9-oxononanoic acid, and azelaic acid, were all observed in roughly equal yields. In addition to these products a large number of higher molecular weight compounds were detected with m/z ratios of up to 1000 Daltons. Tandem mass spectrometry of these larger ions revealed thatthey represented a complex mixture of linear alpha-acyloxyalkyl hydroperoxides, secondary ozonides, and cyclic diperoxides, formed by reactions between ozonolysis products and Criegee intermediates. These comprise the first directly elucidated structures of large oligomeric species from oleic acid ozonolysis. The degree of oligomerization and hence molecular weight distribution was observed to increase with reaction time in solution.
Asunto(s)
Química Orgánica/métodos , Ácido Oléico/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos/análisis , Ozono/química , Aldehídos/análisis , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Iones , Cetoácidos/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas , Modelos Químicos , Peso Molecular , Ácido Oléico/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The Osiris and Sirscan 2000 systems are two semiautomated systems that can be used to read and interpret the results on disk diffusion agar plates. They are both used for determination of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The present study compared both systems versus the NCCLS standard method of visual reading with a ruler. Both inpatient and outpatient samples with a total of 315 nonfastidious gram-negative strains were obtained. In total, 3724 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations that fulfilled the NCCLS guidelines for disk diffusion susceptibility testing were evaluated prospectively. The results obtained with both systems in comparison with those obtained by the classical nonautomated means of interpretation were excellent, with correlation coefficients of 0.96 for both systems. The overall agreements for susceptibility interpretation were 96.56 and 96.24% with the Osiris and Sirscan systems, respectively. Very major errors were obtained for 8 (1.07%) and 10 (1.34%) organism-antimicrobial agent combinations with the Osiris and Sirscan systems, respectively. In addition, major errors were obtained for 2 (0.07%) and 6 (0.21%) combinations with the Osiris and Sirscan systems, respectively. Minor errors were obtained for 118 and 124 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations with the Osiris and Sirscan systems, respectively. Overall, both the Osiris system and the Sirscan system are comparable and reliable systems for determination of interpretative categories from the zone diameters of standard disk diffusion test plates.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Aerobias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Acinetobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Agar , Antibacterianos/clasificación , Automatización/métodos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella/efectos de los fármacos , Laboratorios/normas , Proteus/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Presented here is the case of a 63-year-old patient with a Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected aneurysm extending from a persistent lobar pneumonia of the left lung into the thoracic aorta. The patient was successfully treated with surgery and high-dose penicillin, and he remained well at 6-month follow-up. A review of the English-language literature over the past 25 years revealed 22 cases of mycotic or infected aortic aneurysms due to Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, none of these cases resulted in a positive outcome for the patient. The characteristics of these cases are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Infectado/complicaciones , Aneurisma Infectado/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Neumonía Bacteriana/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Anciano , Aneurisma Infectado/tratamiento farmacológico , Aorta Abdominal/microbiología , Aorta Abdominal/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Penicilina G/uso terapéutico , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Neumocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most studies on thrombosis prophylaxis focus on postoperative venous thrombosis. In medical wards thrombosis prophylaxis is generally restricted to patients who are immobilised. Our primary aim was to investigate the incidence of venous thrombosis in a general internal ward, to assess whether more rigorous prophylaxis would be feasible. METHODS: We investigated the incidence of venous thrombosis in patients hospitalised from 1992 to 1996 and related our findings to literature reports. RESULTS: The incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis in internal patients during hospitalisation was 39/6332 (0.6%). Among these 39 patients, 24 had a malignancy, whereas 876 out of all 6332 patients had a known malignancy. So, the incidence in this group with cancer was 2.7% compared with 0.3% (15/5456) in the non-cancer group (relative risk for venous thrombosis due to malignancy was 10.0 (95%C.I. 5.3-18.9). CONCLUSION: The incidence of venous thrombosis during hospitalisation in a department of general internal medicine is low and does not justify prophylaxis in all internal patients. Cancer is a strong risk factor for hospital-acquired thrombosis in the medical ward. Further studies may answer the question as to whether thrombosis prophylaxis in this subgroup is feasible.
Asunto(s)
Enoxaparina/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Trombosis de la Vena/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/etiologíaRESUMEN
A 43-year-old woman presented with a generalized febrile illness, an exanthema with mixed maculopapulous and pustulous eruptions on the lower halves of the extremities, elbows, knees, palms and soles. There was also severe arthralgia and asymmetric arthritis. The diagnosis was rat bite fever. The disease became manifest eight days after she was bitten by a pet rat. Rat bite fever can easily be missed, even after adequate anamnesis and physical examination, while the differential diagnostic considerations are numerous. Our patient was cured completely after intravenous administration of penicillin G. Antimicrobial therapy was completed by an oral course of doxycycline.
Asunto(s)
Mordeduras y Picaduras/microbiología , Fiebre por Mordedura de Rata/diagnóstico , Streptobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Animales , Artritis Infecciosa/microbiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Doxiciclina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Penicilina G/uso terapéutico , Fiebre por Mordedura de Rata/microbiología , Fiebre por Mordedura de Rata/terapia , Ratas , Pruebas Serológicas/métodosRESUMEN
A total of 71 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mammary glands were identified and subtyped. The methods used to differentiate between the S. aureus isolates were the DNA polymorphism pattern after amplification with a Polymerase Chain Reaction using several primer combinations and phage typing. The DNA fingerprinting technique using RAPD, ERIC1R and ERIC primers proved to be useful in differentiating isolates of S. aureus. Differentiation of isolates using phage typing gave no additional information compared to the DNA technique. The outbreak of S. aureus in the herd studied was mainly caused by one S. aureus strain. Other strains were only found on three occasions, twice in subclinical infections and once from a case of clinical mastitis. In the latter case the dominant strain was isolated from a different quarter of the same cow. Four of the ten cows studied suffered from clinical mastitis. From those four cows, three remained infected with the same S. aureus strain despite antibiotic treatment.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/veterinaria , Mama/microbiología , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/clasificación , Animales , Tipificación de Bacteriófagos/veterinaria , Bovinos , Dermatoglifia del ADN/veterinaria , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Femenino , Genotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMEN
A total of 20 Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of bovine mastitis were examined for fimbriae production, for the presence of genes coding for enterotoxins (LT and ST1), verotoxins (VT), and for the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNF1 and CNF2). Fimbriae could be isolated from four strains. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the fimbriae from two strains, was determined. The two sequences were almost identical and homologous to that of the major subunit of E. coli F17 fimbriae. A DNA probe was derived from this N-terminal sequence and used as probe in hybridization experiments with chromosomal DNA of the 20 strains. To test if the strains contained genes that code for the F17 adhesin and the F17 major subunit, a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was performed with primers based on the nucleotide sequence of the genes. Eleven of 20 strains contained sequences that were homologous with sequences for the F17 fimbrial subunit and the F17 adhesin. Strains were tested directly for toxin production on Hela cells and by PCR for the presence of toxin genes. One of the twenty strains, produced a CNF toxin. No strains reacted positive in the PCR for LT, ST1 and verotoxin genes.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Fimbrias Bacterianas/química , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Adhesinas de Escherichia coli/química , Adhesinas de Escherichia coli/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Perros , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Femenino , Fimbrias Bacterianas/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Cobayas , Células HeLa , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación/veterinaria , Caballos , Humanos , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos/química , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Conejos , Ratas , Serotipificación/veterinaria , OvinosRESUMEN
A number of Escherichia coli strains was isolated during a study of clinical mastitis on seven farms in the Netherlands. From these E. coli strains, 30 were characterised with regard to their serotype and their DNA polymorphism pattern with REP and ERIC primers. Special attention was given to recurrent E. coli mastitis in cows. The combination of serotype and DNA pattern observed, was used to study the epidemiology of clinical E. coli mastitis. The results demonstrated that the PCR reaction with the ERIC primers can be used for differentiation of E. coli strains. The DNA polymorphism patterns showed that E. coli strains isolated from cases of clinical mastitis have a great variability in genotype. More 3 than one case of clinical mastitis associated with E. coli during the same lactation period occurred infrequently. However when it took place, E. coli strains isolated from the separate episodes of inflammation, were in most instances of the same serotype and had the same DNA amplification pattern.
Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/veterinaria , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Femenino , Mastitis Bovina/epidemiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: A three-arm randomized trial was performed to assess the acute and late toxicity and the impact on survival of the combination high-dose, split-course radiotherapy with 30 mg/m2 cisplatin (cDDP) weekly, with 6 mg/m2 cisplatin daily compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study started in May 1984 and was closed in May 1989 after 331 patients were randomised. The analysis was performed after a minimum follow-up period of 22 months. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of 30 Gy, 10 fractions, five fractions a week; then a 3-week split followed by 25 Gy in 10 fractions. Nausea and vomiting were increased for a majority of the patients in the combined treatment arms during treatment. There was no addition of bone marrow suppression, renal dysfunction or esophagitis. Increase of late radiation damage was not observed. Local control (= absence of local progression) was improved for patients treated according to the daily cisplatin arm. This has lead to an improvement in overall survival. There was no effect in time to distant metastasis due to the combined modality. The treatment influence was confirmed in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: local control and survival can be improved by combining radiotherapy with daily low-dose cisplatin in patients with inoperable NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades de la Médula Ósea/etiología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/radioterapia , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Esquema de Medicación , Esofagitis/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Tablas de Vida , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Náusea/etiología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Fármacos Sensibilizantes a Radiaciones/efectos adversos , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vómitos/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) has been reported to enhance the cell-killing effect of radiation, an effect whose intensity varies with the schedule of administration. We randomly assigned 331 patients with nonmetastatic inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer to one of three treatments: radiotherapy for two weeks (3 Gy given 10 times, in five fractions a week), followed by a three-week rest period and then radiotherapy for two more weeks (2.5 Gy given 10 times, five fractions a week); radiotherapy on the same schedule, combined with 30 mg of cisplatin per square meter of body-surface area, given on the first day of each treatment week; or radiotherapy on the same schedule, combined with 6 mg of cisplatin per square meter, given daily before radiotherapy. RESULTS: Survival was significantly improved in the radiotherapy-daily-cisplatin group as compared with the radiotherapy group (P = 0.009): survival in the radiotherapy-daily-cisplatin group was 54 percent at one year, 26 percent at two years, and 16 percent at three years, as compared with 46 percent, 13 percent, and 2 percent, respectively, in the radiotherapy group. Survival in the radiotherapy-weekly-cisplatin group was intermediate (44 percent, 19 percent, and 13 percent) and not significantly different from survival in either of the other two groups. The survival benefit of daily combined treatment was due to improved control of local disease (P = 0.003). Survival without local recurrence was 59 percent at one year and 31 percent at two years in the radiotherapy-daily-cisplatin group; 42 percent and 30 percent, respectively, in the radiotherapy-weekly-cisplatin group; and 41 percent and 19 percent, respectively, in the radiotherapy group. Cisplatin induced nausea and vomiting in 86 percent of the patients given it weekly and in 78 percent of those given it daily; these effects were severe in 26 percent and 28 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cisplatin, given daily in combination with the radiotherapy described here to patients with nonmetastatic but inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer, improved rates of survival and control of local disease at the price of substantial side effects.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Radioterapia/métodos , Distribución Aleatoria , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
A thermolabile hemolysin from Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, strain Sponselee, was shown to specifically degrade sphingomyelin. Nucleotide sequence determination revealed that sphingomyelinase activity was encoded by an open reading frame of 1,668 nucleotides. Although a putative signal sequence could be identified, no evidence for protein export in either L. interrogans or Escherichia coli was obtained. The apparent molecular mass of the expression product in E. coli minicells was 41.2 kilodaltons, whereas open reading frame 1 encoded a protein of 63,268 daltons. The observed difference may be explained by processing at the carboxy-terminal part of the hemolysin in E. coli. A high degree of similarity on the DNA and protein levels with Staphylococcus aureus beta-hemolysin and sphingomyelinase C from three Bacillus cereus strains was observed. The presence of various sphingomyelinase genes within the L. interrogans species is demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Leptospira interrogans/enzimología , Hidrolasas Diéster Fosfóricas/genética , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Codón , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Especificidad por Sustrato , TemperaturaRESUMEN
A method, using an immunodeficient mouse strain, for the production of monoclonal antibodies directed exclusively against the proteins in an antigen mixture also containing immunodominant LPS, is described. Male (CBA/N x BALB/c) F1 mice were immunized with an outer envelope antigen mixture from Leptospira interrogans strain Wijnberg containing both lipopolysaccharides and proteins. The immune response in these mice was shown to be predominantly directed against protein antigens. Hybridoma cell lines were generated by fusing spleen cells from a (CBA/N x BALB/c) F1 mouse with BALB/c Sp2/0 plasmacytoma cells. Hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies reacting with the outer envelope preparation were identified by ELISA. All epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies are sensitive to proteinase K degradation and resistant to oxidation by periodate indicating that they are located on proteins. All epitopes are located on a 35 kDa protein and specific for the pathogenic L. interrogans species.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/biosíntesis , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Epítopos/inmunología , Hibridomas , Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Bazo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A 34-year-old patient with advanced primary squamocellular vaginal carcinoma was treated with external radiation (4000 cGy to the pelvis) and a line source Cesium application delivering 4000 cGy to the vaginal wall. During this treatment the patient developed a lesion on her back that proved to be a metastasis of a squamocellular cancer. The patient was started on six courses of cisplatin as a single agent. After the fourth course a complete remission was reached lasting for 4 months. By that time the metastasis recurred and was surgically excised. Sixteen months after diagnosis and 9 months after chemotherapeutic treatment there is no evidence of disease.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Vaginales/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Dorso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/secundario , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Neoplasias Vaginales/radioterapiaRESUMEN
Jejunal brush border samples from 101 pigs were tested for the presence of K88 receptor sites. Specific adhesion of K88-bearing microorganisms did not occur in nearly 50 percent of the samples. About 40 percent of the test samples were adhesion positive for the prevailing K88ac antigen. The different porcine phenotypes were equally distributed over the country.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos , Antígenos de Superficie/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas Fimbrias , Variación Genética , Yeyuno/microbiología , Porcinos/microbiología , Adhesividad , Animales , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Femenino , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Masculino , Microvellosidades/microbiología , Países Bajos , Fenotipo , Porcinos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
At least five different porcine phenotypes were distinguished with the three serological variants of the K88 antigen in the brush border adhesion test. Pigs of one phenotype (A) are susceptible to adherence of all three variants, pigs of three phenotypes are susceptible to only two (B and C) or one (D) of the K88 variants, and pigs of one phenotype (E) are entirely resistant to adhesion of K88 antigen did not interfere with the adhesion of K88ab- or K88ac-positive Escherichia coli, whereas in most cases K88ab and K88ac antigen completely blocked the adhesion of K88ad-positive E. coli. Likewise, K88ab antigen blocked the adhesion of K88ac-producing E. coli to both type A and type B brush borders, and vice versa.