RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Policy-makers and practitioners have a need to assess community resilience in disasters. Prior efforts conflated resilience with community functioning, combined resistance and recovery (the components of resilience), and relied on a static model for what is inherently a dynamic process. We sought to develop linked conceptual and computational models of community functioning and resilience after a disaster. METHODS: We developed a system dynamics computational model that predicts community functioning after a disaster. The computational model outputted the time course of community functioning before, during, and after a disaster, which was used to calculate resistance, recovery, and resilience for all US counties. RESULTS: The conceptual model explicitly separated resilience from community functioning and identified all key components for each, which were translated into a system dynamics computational model with connections and feedbacks. The components were represented by publicly available measures at the county level. Baseline community functioning, resistance, recovery, and resilience evidenced a range of values and geographic clustering, consistent with hypotheses based on the disaster literature. CONCLUSIONS: The work is transparent, motivates ongoing refinements, and identifies areas for improved measurements. After validation, such a model can be used to identify effective investments to enhance community resilience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:127-137).
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Planificación en Desastres/métodos , Víctimas de Desastres/psicología , Modelos Teóricos , Características de la Residencia/clasificación , Planificación en Desastres/tendencias , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de SistemasRESUMEN
This chapter introduces the theme and objectives of the monograph and provides a contextual framework for each of the seven chapters which follow. Each individual chapter contributes to a deeper understanding of the socioeconomic impacts of earthquakes.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Desastres Naturales , Impacto de los Desastres , Medición de Riesgo , Estados Unidos , 34691 , Factores Socioeconómicos , Análisis de VulnerabilidadRESUMEN
The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of communicating information to the public about environmental risks to increase the likelihood that citizens will adopt protective measures. To accomplish this objective, three issues in public education will be examined. First, an attempt is made to understand how emergency management agencies can be come identified as credible sources of information within the community. Second, attention is given to establishing and maintaining viable communication channels through which local emergency management personnel can reach the public. The closing section of the paper discusses strategies for increasing citizen receptivity to officially designated protective measures