RESUMEN
Giant cell tumors of the bone are local invasive diseases that are mainly composed of neoplastic monocytes and nonneoplastic multinucleated giant cells, mostly in the long bones of patients with mature bones. A specific H3F3A mutation is the key to its diagnosis. The present paper reports a case of giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) characterized by diffuse cholesterol crystals with few multinucleated giant cells. Imaging examination combined with immunohistochemical H3.3 G34W positivity was used to diagnose the patient with GCTB. Understanding the unique histological morphology of this patient will help doctors correctly diagnose giant cell tumors of bone and avoid misdiagnosis.
RESUMEN
Current treatments for gastric cancer (GC) are suboptimal. Potential therapeutic targets for GC were screened using next-generation sequencing. We examined many mutation genes linked to GC, including TP53 (60%), PIK3CA (19%), LRP1B (13%), and ERBB2 (12%), ARID1A (9%), KMT2C (9%), and KRAS (7%). The KMT2C, KRAS, CDK6, and ARID1A wild-type genes were dominant in diffuse-type GC (P < .05), but mutations did not influence prognosis. Patients with APC (6%) and CDH1 (8%) wild-type GC presented with vascular invasion (P < .05). Patients with ATR (2%) wild-type GC were prone to lymph node metastasis (P < .05). Patients with ARID1A (9%) wild-type GC had reduced programmed death ligand 1 expression (<1, P < .05). We found that patients who received chemotherapy had a better prognosis than those who did not (although there was no statistical difference), with platinum-based group having better prognosis and uracil combined with paclitaxel group having worse prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Pronóstico , MutaciónAsunto(s)
Branquioma , Carcinoma Papilar , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Branquioma/diagnóstico , Branquioma/cirugía , Branquioma/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/cirugía , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patologíaRESUMEN
This case report describes a 22-year-old man with a pharyngeal foreign body sensation arising from the left side of the postpharyngeal wall. Histological examination showed a biphasic pattern of epithelioid and spindle cells including glandular differentiation. The tumour was positive for vimentin and SS18-SSX, and the spindle cells were positive for bcl-2; in contrast, the epithelioid tumour cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and CD99. There was no INI-loss in tumour cells. Then, the presence of the SYT-SSX gene fusion was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, androgen receptor gene somatic mutations were detected by next-generation sequencing. However, 6 months postoperatively, the patient had neither developed a recurrence nor received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Accurate diagnosis depends on morphological and immunohistochemical examination and a proper molecular analysis, and novel technologies can detect a wide variety of genetic alterations. Although androgen receptor somatic mutations cannot provide addition treatment at present, surgical resection with a clean margin and follow-up is an appropriate approach.