RESUMEN
AIMS: Poor sleep is a frequent occurrence in the critical illness. Evaluate sleep quality and test the effect of a multi-intervention sleep care protocol in improving sleep quality in a coronary care unit (CCU). METHODS AND RESULTS: Quasi-experimental study, carried out in two phases. During the first phase, the control group (n = 58 patients) received usual care. Baseline sleep data were collected through the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) and the Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire (SICUQ). During the second phase (n = 55 patients), a sleep care protocol was implemented. Interventions included actions to promote analgesia, reduce noise, brightness, and other general measures. Sleep data were collected again to assess the impact of these interventions. The intervention group had better scores in overall sleep depth [median (interquartile range)] [81 (65-96.7) vs. 69.7 (50-90); P = 0.046]; sleep fragmentation [90 (65-100) vs. 69 (42.2-92.7); P = 0.011]; return to sleep [90 (69.7-100) vs. 71.2 (40.7-96.5); P = 0.007]; sleep quality [85 (65-100) vs. 71.1 (49-98.1); P = 0.026]; and mean RCSQ score [83 (66-94) vs. 66.5 (45.7-87.2); P = 0.002] than the baseline group. The main barriers to sleep were pain [1 (1.0-5.5)], light [1 (1.0-5.0)], and noise [1 (1.0-5.0)]. The most rated sources of sleep-disturbing noise were heart monitor alarm [3 (1.0-5.25)], intravenous pump alarm [1.5 (1.0-5.00)]. and mechanical ventilator alarm [1 (1.0-5.0)]. All were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the baseline group. CONCLUSION: A multi-intervention protocol was feasible and effective in improving different sleep quality parameters and reducing some barriers to sleep in CCU patients.
Asunto(s)
Unidades de Cuidados Coronarios , Calidad del Sueño , Enfermedad Crítica , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Sueño , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Poor sleep quality is a consistently reported by patients in the ICU. In such a potentially hostile environment, sleep is extremely fragmented and sleep architecture is unconventional, with a predominance of superficial sleep stages and a limited amount of time spent in the restorative stages. Among the causes of sleep disruption in the ICU are factors intrinsic to the patients and the acute nature of their condition, as well as factors related to the ICU environment and the treatments administered, such as mechanical ventilation and drug therapy. Although the consequences of poor sleep quality for the recovery of ICU patients remain unknown, it seems to influence the immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological systems. There is evidence that multifaceted interventions focused on minimizing nocturnal sleep disruptions improve sleep quality in ICU patients. In this article, we review the literature regarding normal sleep and sleep in the ICU. We also analyze sleep assessment methods; the causes of poor sleep quality and its potential implications for the recovery process of critically ill patients; and strategies for sleep promotion.
RESUMO O sono de má qualidade é uma situação persistentemente descrita em UTIs. O sono nesse ambiente potencialmente hostil é caracterizado pela sua extrema fragmentação e arquitetura não convencional, com predomínio de fases leves e limitada quantidade de tempo nos estágios reparadores. Entre as causas da privação do sono na UTI estão fatores intrínsecos aos pacientes e à condição aguda de sua doença, assim como fatores relacionados ao ambiente da UTI e ao tratamento em curso, como o suporte ventilatório e a terapia medicamentosa. Embora as consequências da má qualidade do sono no processo de recuperação desses pacientes ainda sejam desconhecidas, ela parece influenciar os sistemas imune, metabólico, cardiovascular, respiratório e neurológico. Evidências sugerem que intervenções multifacetadas, focadas na minimização das perturbações do sono noturno, promovem melhora na qualidade do sono nesses pacientes. Este artigo revisa a literatura acerca do sono normal e do sono na UTI. Também analisa seus métodos de avaliação, as causas da má qualidade do sono, suas potenciais implicações no processo de recuperação de pacientes críticos e estratégias para sua promoção.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Privación de Sueño/etiología , Cuidados Críticos , Polisomnografía , Factores de Riesgo , Privación de Sueño/clasificación , Privación de Sueño/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Poor sleep quality is a consistently reported by patients in the ICU. In such a potentially hostile environment, sleep is extremely fragmented and sleep architecture is unconventional, with a predominance of superficial sleep stages and a limited amount of time spent in the restorative stages. Among the causes of sleep disruption in the ICU are factors intrinsic to the patients and the acute nature of their condition, as well as factors related to the ICU environment and the treatments administered, such as mechanical ventilation and drug therapy. Although the consequences of poor sleep quality for the recovery of ICU patients remain unknown, it seems to influence the immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological systems. There is evidence that multifaceted interventions focused on minimizing nocturnal sleep disruptions improve sleep quality in ICU patients. In this article, we review the literature regarding normal sleep and sleep in the ICU. We also analyze sleep assessment methods; the causes of poor sleep quality and its potential implications for the recovery process of critically ill patients; and strategies for sleep promotion.