RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women of reproductive age. CVD remain one of the top causes of death worldwide, with at least three-quarters of deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income nations. The impact of various types of combined oral contraceptive (COC) on several modifiable risk factors associated with CVDs in premenopausal women is inconsistent regardless of genetic mutations. The aim of this systematic review will be to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the impact of COC usage on modifiable risk factors associated with CVDs and assess ethnic and geographic disparities in the reported prevalence of CVD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review protocol was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2015 statement. An extensive search on the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library will be conducted from inception until. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligible studies using a predefined criterion. The risk of bias and quality of included studies will be assessed using the modified Downs and Black's checklist. Whereas the overall quality of included studies will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This is a review of existing studies and will not require ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. The use of OC and the risk of CVDs including arterial and venous thrombosis remain a major concern among women of reproductive age. Thus, given the impact of COCs on the risk variables linked with CVDs, this review may provide an insight and assistance during COC use. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020216169.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Factores de Riesgo , Proyectos de Investigación , Literatura de Revisión como AsuntoRESUMEN
Low grade inflammation is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have altered cholesterol levels, which are targeted by free radicals to promote lipid peroxidation. Elevated levels of monocyte-associated cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), subsequently drive endothelial tissue injury. In fact, the levels of circulating platelet-monocyte aggregates in patients with T2D is a robust marker for atherosclerosis and a cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factor. To identify eligible studies, we searched the major online databases using PubMed and Google Scholar. The cumulative evidence synthesized in the current review suggests that, traditional therapies which include thiazolidinediones, statins and some calcium channel blockers can be useful in the primary prevention of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of monocyte-derived microparticles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and NF-κB in patients with T2D. Future studies are needed to ascertain whether the combination of dietary interventions and glucose or lipid lowering agents can provide an enhanced cardioprotection in patients with T2D.