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Therapeutic vaccination holds great potential as complementary treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Here, we report that a therapeutic whole cell vaccine formulated with IL-2 adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide as cytokine-depot formulation elicits potent antitumor immunity and induces delayed tumor growth, control of tumor dissemination and longer survival in mice challenged with A20-lymphoma. Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells. Further, strong tumor antigen-specific cellular responses were detected at systemic level. Both the A20-derived antigenic material and the IL-2 depot formulation were required for induction of an effective immune response that impacted on cancer progression. All mice receiving any form of IL-2, either as part of the vaccine or alone as control, showed higher numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+/high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor, which might have a role in tumor progression in these animals. Nevertheless, for those animals that received the cytokine as part of the vaccine formulation, the overall effect was improved immune response and less disseminated disease, suggesting that therapeutic vaccination overcomes the potential detrimental effect of intratumoral Treg cells. Overall, the results presented here show that a simple vaccine formulation, that can be easily prepared under GMP conditions, is a promising strategy to be used in B-cell lymphoma and may have enough merit to be tested in clinical trials.

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Introducción: la revascularización miocárdica quirúrgica (RVMQ) incompleta es un factor determinante en la reaparición precoz de angina y determina una menor sobrevida para los pacientes. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la eficacia perfusional de la terapia angiogénica celular con células derivadas de la médula ósea (CMO) autólogas por inyección directa intramiocárdica complementaria a la RVMQ convencional. Material y método: la evaluación perfusional luego de la cirugía se realiza a los tres, seis y 12 meses mediante SPECT y ecocardiograma Doppler Tisular-Strain (DTI-Strain). Resultados: en esta comunicación preliminar (precedida por ocho casos pilotos) se reportan resultados de cuatro pacientes (dos casos y dos controles) que completaron el seguimiento al tercer mes, teniendo todos oclusión crónica de coronaria derecha (CD) sin recanalización, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) media de 50%. En los territorios de la descendente posterior (DP) y posterolateral (PL) de CD se inyectó un promedio de 5,7 x 106 células CD34+ autólogas en un volumen promedio de 5 ml por territorio. En el control perfusional con SPECT al tercer mes de los casos se registró un incremento perfusional en los territorios inyectados de aproximadamente 10%. En los controles, los sectores miocárdicos no revascularizados tuvieron un decremento perfusional en promedio de 3%. En el DTI-Strain se observó mejoría de los valores en todas las muestras estudiadas en el caso con FEVI conservada, y peoría en el caso con FEVI en rango inferior. La terapia celular angiogénica con CMO autólogas por vía intramiocárdica tiene beneficios prefusionales, es una técnica factible y segura complementaria al tratamiento quirúrgico.

Summary Introduction: incomplete surgical myocardial revascularization is a determining factor for early flare of subsequent angina which results in lower patient survival. Objective: the present study aims to evaluate the perfusional efficacy of cell angiogenic therapy, using autologic bone-marrow derived stem cells, by means of direct intramyocardial injections, as a complementary therapy when combined with myocardial surgical revascularization. Method: perfusional assessment subsequent to surgery is performed after three, six and twelve months with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and DTI-Strain. Results: the present preliminary communication/notice (preceded by eight pilot cases) reports results obtained in four patients (two cases and two controls), completed follow-up in the third month, all of which evidenced chronic right coronary (RC) occlusion with no reversal, 50% average left ventricle ejection fraction. An average of 5.7 x 106 CD34+ autologic cells was injected into the descending posterior and posterolateral territory. The average injection volume was 5 ml per territory. Upon SPECT perfusional control in the third month, a 10% perfusional increase was detected in the injected territories. As to the control cases, nonrevascularized myocardial sectors evidenced a perfusional decrease of 3%, on average. DTI-Strain showed values improvement for all samples studied in the case of the preserved left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), and worsening in the LVEF lower range. Angiogenic cell therapy by intramyocardial autologic bone-marrow stem cells implies perfusional benefits. It is a feasible and safe technique to complement surgical treatment.

Résumé Introduction: la revascularisation myocardique chirurgicale (RVMQ) incomplète est un facteur primordial à la réapparition précoce d’angine et détermine une survie raccourcie des patients. Objectif: le but de ce travail est d’évaluer l’efficacité de perfusion de la thérapie angiogénique cellulaire avec des cellules extraites de la moelle osseuse (CMO) autologues par injection directe intra-myocardique complémentaire à la RVMQ conventionnelle. Matériel et méthode: l’évaluation de la perfusion post-chirurgicale est faite trois, six et douze mois après avec SPECT et échocardiogramme Doppler Tisular-Strain (DTI-Strain). Résultats: dans cette communication préalable, précédée de huit cas pilotes, on reporte les résultats de quatre patients (deux cas et deux contrôles) ayant complété le suivi au bout de trois mois et présentant tous occlusion chronique de coronaire droite (CD) sans recanalisation, fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche (FEVG) moyenne de 50%. Dans les territoires de la descendante postérieure (DP) et postéro latérale (PL) de CD on a injecté une moyenne de 5,7 x 106 cellules CD34+autologues dans un volume moyen de 5 ml par territoire. Lors du contrôle de perfusion avec SPECT des cas au troisième mois, on a repéré une hausse de perfusion dans les territoires injectés de 10% environ, les secteurs myocardiques non revascularisés ayant subi une décroissance perfusionnelle de 3% environ. Au DTI-Strain, on a observé une amélioration des valeurs dans tous les échantillons prélevés au cas de FEVG conservée et aggravation au cas avec FEVG à rang inférieur. La thérapie cellulaire angiogénique avec CMO autologues par voie intra-myocardique a des bénéfices de perfusion, est une technique faisable et sûre complémentaire au traitement chirurgical.

Resumo Introdução: a revascularização cirúrgica incompleta do miocárdio (RVCM) é um fator determinante no reaparecimento precoce da angina que implica uma sobrevida menor para os pacientes. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia perfusional da terapia angiogênica celular com células autólogas obtidas da medula óssea por injeção direta intra-miocárdica como complemento a RVCM tradicional. Material e método: a avaliação perfusional pós-cirurgia é feita aos três, seis e doze meses usando SPECT e ecocardiograma Doppler Tisular-Strain (DTI-Strain). Resultados: nesta comunicação preliminar, (depois de oito casos piloto) relatamos os resultados de quatro pacientes (dois casos e dois controles) que terminaram o seguimento no terceiro mês, todos com oclusão crônica de coronária direita (CD) sem recanalizaçao com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) média de 50%. Na região do ramo descendente posterior (DP) e póstero-lateral (PL) da CD, injetaram-se uma média de 5,7 x 106 células CD34+ autólogas em um volume médio de 5 ml por região. No controle perfusional dos casos, realizado no terceiro mês, foi registrado um aumento da perfusão nas regiões injetadas de aproximadamente 10%. Nos controles, os setores do miocárdio não revascularizados apresentaram uma redução média da perfusão de 3%. No DTI-Strain foi observada uma melhora dos valores em todas as amostras estudadas no caso com FEVE conservada, e uma piora no caso com FEVE com valor inferior. A terapia celular angiogênica com CMO autólogas por via intra-miocárdica apresenta melhoras da perfusão, é uma técnica viável e segura, complementar ao tratamento cirúrgico.

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