RESUMEN
Down syndrome is the most common human chromosomal disorder. Among clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of gastrointestinal system alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic during a 10-year follow-up period. Data from medical files were retrospectively reviewed from 1,207 patients. Gastrointestinal changes occurred in 612 (50.7%). The most prevalent disorder was chronic intestinal constipation. Intestinal parasite occurred in 22% (mainly giardiasis), gastroesophageal reflux disease in 14%, digestive tract malformations occurred in 5%: 13 cases of duodenal atresia, 8 of imperforate anus, 4 annular pancreases, 2 congenital megacolon, 2 esophageal atresias, 2 esophageal compression by anomalous subclavian and 1 case of duodenal membrane. We had 38/1,207 (3.1%) patients with difficulty in sucking and only three with dysphagia that resolved before the second year of life. Peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, and biliary lithiasis were less prevalent with 3% each. Awareness of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders promotes outstanding clinical follow-up as well as adequate development and greater quality of life for patients with Down syndrome and their families.
Asunto(s)
Ano Imperforado/complicaciones , Estreñimiento/complicaciones , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Obstrucción Duodenal/complicaciones , Atresia Esofágica/complicaciones , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Giardiasis/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/complicaciones , Atresia Intestinal/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Ano Imperforado/diagnóstico , Ano Imperforado/genética , Ano Imperforado/patología , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Estreñimiento/diagnóstico , Estreñimiento/genética , Estreñimiento/patología , Estudios Transversales , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Down/genética , Síndrome de Down/patología , Obstrucción Duodenal/diagnóstico , Obstrucción Duodenal/genética , Obstrucción Duodenal/patología , Atresia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Atresia Esofágica/genética , Atresia Esofágica/patología , Femenino , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/genética , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/patología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/anomalías , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Giardiasis/diagnóstico , Giardiasis/genética , Giardiasis/patología , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/genética , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Atresia Intestinal/diagnóstico , Atresia Intestinal/genética , Atresia Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare marginal leakage of class 2 light-cured composite resin restorations, with different insertion and polymerization techniques. Fifty sound premolars extracted for prosthetic purposes were used in the study. Conservative class 2 (MOD) preparations were made in all teeth, with one proximogingival margin on enamel and the other on cementum. All the preparations and restorations were performed by the same operator utilizing the same restorative materials. After restoration the teeth were thermocycled and their gingival margins exposed to a dye. Results showed that the kind of matrix system had no significant influence upon the degree of marginal leakage on enamel. On cementum, oblique and horizontal incremental insertion and polymerization techniques using the collimator cone exhibited the least leakage, while the clear matrix band/reflective wedge technique presented the greatest leakage.