Asunto(s)
Antipruriginosos/administración & dosificación , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Prurito/tratamiento farmacológico , Crema para la Piel/administración & dosificación , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/agonistas , Adulto , Antipruriginosos/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mentol/administración & dosificación , Mentol/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Crema para la Piel/farmacología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin syndrome (SSS) is defined as the occurrence of unpleasant sensations (itch, pain, burning, prickling) in response to stimuli that should not normally cause such sensations. Previous studies show that SSS could be a small fibre neuropathy, but quantitative sensory testing (QST) is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Using QST, to determine the presence or absence of tactile sensitivity disorder, mainly heat pain threshold (HPT), in patients with SSS. METHODS: This monocentric case-control study included 21 patients with SSS and 21 controls. The patients underwent QST. Neuropathic pain was assessed by two questionnaires: the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) and the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI). RESULTS: Forty-two patients were included in the study. The HPT was significantly lower in the cases (14·5 ± 2·8) than in the controls (17·8 ± 2·5) (P < 0·001). Intermediate pain (HPT 5·0) was also significantly decreased in patients with SSS. The DN4 and NPSI scores were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in HPT in patients with SSS compared with controls suggests the presence of hyperalgesia, probably due to the damage of C-fibres. These findings, as well as the increased DN4 and NPSI scores, strengthen the neuronal hypothesis of SSS and are new arguments for consideration of SSS as small fibre neuropathy.
Asunto(s)
Hiperalgesia/diagnóstico , Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Piel/inervación , Neuropatía de Fibras Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frío/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuralgia/etiología , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor , Neuropatía de Fibras Pequeñas/etiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome , Vibración/efectos adversos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The knowledge of aggregate exposure to different types of products is paramount in the risk assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the relative contribution of essential oils compared to cosmetics on the daily dermal exposure to limonene, an ubiquitous fragrance compound that can be an allergen depending on its degree of oxidation. Aggregate daily exposure to limonene was calculated among a panel of French volunteers using both essential oils and cosmetics, for 4 different specific zones, i.e. face and neck, chest, upper limbs and lower limbs. Calculations were made using a probabilistic Monte Carlo method and sensitivity analysis. The main strength of this work was the inclusion of essential oils in addition to cosmetics in the model. For the first time, the generated data could be used to compare the contribution of these two products in dermal exposure. Essential oils appear to be significant contributors to exposure to limonene particularly for the face. This work is a first step that will permit to determine the exposure to other fragrance compounds with sensitizing potential. These data will be useful for risk managers to consider the inclusion of essential oils in the overall burden of this pathology.
Asunto(s)
Cosméticos/farmacología , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Perfumes/farmacología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/farmacología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Cosméticos/administración & dosificación , Ciclohexenos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Limoneno , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Perfumes/administración & dosificación , Probabilidad , Medición de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Terpenos/administración & dosificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Only few published data are available in the literature about consumption and exposure, for hair dye products. The aim of this study was to assess the use of 10 different hair dye products in French Women with a focus on consumption of hair dye in different places of use (at home and at the hairdressers) in order to assess the corresponding dermal exposures. The assessment was performed on a total of 4237 women older than 15 years old, thanks to three national web surveys. The percentage of hair dye users among the French women population was about 64%.The mean frequency of use ranged between 2.23 and 14.22 times per year depending on the studied product and age category of women. This study provided the first data available for exposure to hair dye products with mean exposures ranging between 1.48 and 6.49 mg/kg bw/day depending on the product studied and age category of women. Moreover, consumption data obtained in this study might be useful to perform safety assessment of hair dye products thanks to the knowledge of the age categories of the population having the highest percentage of users and/or frequency of use.