RESUMEN
This study evaluated the relationship between alcohol-related problems and 3 indexes of risky drinking in college student drinkers: number of drinks consumed per week, frequency of binge drinking, and estimated blood alcohol levels (BALs). Use of 2 independent samples (N1 = 204, N2 = 181) allowed a cross-validation of obtained associations. Results indicated that neither binge drinking frequency nor BAL were more highly related to alcohol-related problems than was weekly drinking. Furthermore, BAL did not provide unique explanatory power in accounting for alcohol-related problems; mixed results were obtained regarding the relationship of binge drinking estimates with problems.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Intoxicación Alcohólica/diagnóstico , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/sangre , Etanol/sangre , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/sangre , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/diagnóstico , Intoxicación Alcohólica/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Valores de Referencia , EstudiantesRESUMEN
This study investigated the clinical significance of previously reported statistically significant mean reductions in drinking and related problems among college students in a randomized trial of a brief indicated preventive intervention (G. A. Marlatt et al., 1998). Data were analyzed over a 2-year follow-up for participants from a high-risk intervention group (n = 153), a high-risk control group (n = 160), and a functional comparison group (n = 77). A risk cutpoint for each dependent measure was based on the functional comparison group distribution. Compared with the high-risk controls, more individuals in the high-risk intervention group improved and fewer worsened, especially on alcohol-related problems and, to a lesser extent, on drinking pattern variables. These data from a prevention context clarify the magnitude and direction of individual change obscured by group means.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/prevención & control , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/terapia , Psicoterapia Breve , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The authors report atypical findings of discordant bone scans and radiography seen in a patient with transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH). Presented in the case of a 60-year-old man who had spontaneous onset of left hip pain which worsened for 2 months with weight-bearing on the affected side. Initial and follow-up radiographs of the let hip were normal. Bone scan demonstrated intense uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the affected femoral head and neck, corresponding to characteristics of abnormal signal intensity of TOH or transient bone marrow edema syndrome on MRI. This discordant pattern of bone scan and radiographs has rarely been reported in the literature. Its possible mechanism of causation and clinical implication in TOH, together with a review of the literature, are discussed in this report.
Asunto(s)
Cabeza Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Médula Ósea/patología , Edema/diagnóstico , Cabeza Femoral/patología , Cuello Femoral/patología , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico , Radiografía , Cintigrafía , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99mAsunto(s)
American Nurses' Association , Maniobras Políticas , District of Columbia , Humanos , Enfermería , Política , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
American Nurses' Association , Guerra , Atención a la Salud , Humanos , Medio Oriente , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Structural studies have been carried out on the O-specific polysaccharide, the core oligosaccharide, and the lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas maltophilia NCTC 10257. By means of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a tetrasaccharide repeating-unit for the O-specific polymer has been confirmed. However, the data suggest that the L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at the branching point has the alpha configuration rather than beta as proposed previously [Neal, D.J. and Wilkinson, S.G. (1979) Carbohydr. Res. 69, 191-201]. The core oligosaccharide contains residues of D-glucose, D-mannose phosphate, D-galactosamine (not N-acetylated), D-galacturonic acid, and a 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (but no aldoheptose). A partial structure for the oligosaccharide is proposed. Lipid A is based on phosphorylated glucosamine residues, with N-fatty acyl and O-fatty acyl substituents. The major fatty acids are 9-methyldecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid (each ester-linked), 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-11-methyldodecanoic acid (both mainly amide-linked). The results of this study provide further evidence for a relationship between P. maltophilia and some Xanthomonas species.
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Pseudomonas/análisis , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Lípido A/aislamiento & purificación , Lípidos/aislamiento & purificación , Peso Molecular , Oligosacáridos/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria , Enfermería Geriátrica , Promoción de la Salud , Anciano , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Defensa del PacienteRESUMEN
A lipopolysaccharide has been isolated from Pseudomonas maltophilia N.C.T.C. 10257. Monosaccharide components identified were L-rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-L-xylose, L-xylose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galacturonic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, and a 3-deoxy-2-octulosonic acid. Heptose was absent. In this and other respects, the lipopolysaccharide resembles the corresponding products from Xanthomonas species. Mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide with acid, followed by chromatography of the water-soluble products on Sephadex G-50, gave a polymeric, "side-chain" fraction containing rhamnose, 3-O-methylxylose, and xylose residues in the molar rations approximately 15:4:1. Methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and oxidation with chromium trioxide were the principal methods used in the study of this fraction. The following structure is proposed for the characteristic repeating-unit of the polymer.
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos/análisis , Pseudomonas/análisis , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Hexosas/análisis , Hidrólisis , Pentosas/análisisRESUMEN
3-O-Methyl-L-xylose was isolated from whole cells of Pseudomonas maltophilia N.C.T.C. 10257. The sugar is a component of lipopolysaccharide from which a polysaccharide also containing L-rhamnose and L-xylose was released by mild acid hydrolysis. 3-O-Methyl-L-xylose was absent from five other strains of Ps. maltophilia and one strain of Pseudomonas geniculata.