RESUMEN
Every year, human activities introduce large amounts of synthetic plastics into the environment. Decomposition of the plastic derivatives is very difficult and time consuming, so it is essential to eliminate these pollutants using different methods. Bioremediation, is suitable option, because of the low cost and environmentally safe. In this research, degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated by two strains, isolated from Hamadan province (Iran) landfill soil. After identification by 16sr DNA primers, their abilities of polyethylene biodegradation were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Using media contain polyethylene) after and before addition of bacteria), toxicity test was conducted by measuring the germination index, root and hypocotyl length of Lactuca sativa seed. After three months, 10.15% ± 1.04 weight loss of LDPE achieved through strain Stenotrophomonas sp. degradation. Both strains had high biofilm formation capacity, confirmed by Electron microscope images and FTIR analysis. GC-MS confirmed the presence of the end-product of LDPE degradation (Pentacosane, Hexacosane, and Octadecane). Both, Stenotrophomonas sp. and Alcaligenaceae bacterium had significant detoxification ability. In media contain LDPE (without bacteria), decrease in the germination of lettuce seeds was observed.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Polietileno , Humanos , Polietileno/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Stenotrophomonas/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , PlásticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Use of pharmaceutical agent for breast cancer chemotherapy is an interesting method that induces cells death by different way, such as apoptosis. Parthenolide is the main compound in feverfew that has been used to cure migraine and rheumatoid arthritis for long time. Parthenolide has been predominately investigated as inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells. PURPOSE: We examined the expression of vimentin and Elongation factor αâ¯-â¯1 as breast cancer biomarkers in MCF7 cells exposure to Parthenolide. METHOD: In this study, we investigated the antitumor mechanism of Parthenolide on the human breast cancer cell line MCF7, using SEM, flow cytometry and proteomics techniques. RESULT: Comparative proteome analyses are shown Elongation factor1-α and vimentin was suppressed in response to Parthenolide treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tanacetum parthenium/química , Vimentina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Glycyrrhiza glabra is an important medicinal plant throughout the world. Glycyrrhizin is a triterpenoid that is among the most important secondary metabolites produced by liquorice. Drought stress is proposed to enhance the levels of secondary metabolites. In this study, the effect of drought stress on the expression of important genes involved in the glycyrrhizin biosynthetic pathway was examined. Drought stress at the seedling stage was applied to 8-day-old plants using polyethylene glycol. Subsequently, the samples were collected 0, 4, 8 or 24 h post-treatment. At the adult plant stage, 10-month-old plants were subjected to drought stress by discontinuing irrigation. Subsequently, samples were collected at 2, 16 and 28 days after drought imposition (S(2d), S(16d) and S(28d), respectively). We performed semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays to evaluate the gene expression levels of sequalene synthase (SQS), ß-amyrin synthase (bAS), lupeol synthase (LUS) and cycloartenol synthase (CAS) during stress. Finally, the glycyrrhizin content of stolons was determined via HPLC. The results revealed that due to osmotic stress, the gene expression levels of SQS and bAS were increased, whereas those of CAS were relatively unchanged at the seedling stage. At the adult plant stage, the expression levels of SQS and bAS were increased under drought stress conditions, whereas the gene expression level of CAS remained relatively constant. The glycyrrhizin content in stolons was increased only under severe drought stress conditions (S(28d)). Our results indicate that application of controlled drought stress up-regulates the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and directly enhances the production of secondary metabolites, including glycyrrhizin, in liquorice plants.