RESUMEN
We studied in vitro effects of charged polysaccharides on the classic and alternative pathways of complement activation. The complement system was affected by substances having different charges. Our findings suggest that the conformation of polysaccharide molecules, but not their charge, plays a primary role in the interaction with C1 and C3 complement components followed by initiation of cascade enzymatic reactions.
Asunto(s)
Biopolímeros/farmacología , Carbohidratos/análisis , Activación de Complemento , Biopolímeros/química , Complemento C1/metabolismo , Complemento C3/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , IonesRESUMEN
Fucoidans and laminarans from Laminaria cichorioides, Laminaria japonica, Fucus evanescens, laminaran from Laminaria gurjanovae, other beta-D-glucans (translam, pustulan and zymosan) and lambda-carrageenan from Chondrus armatus were used to study the effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from seaweeds on the alternative pathway of complement (APC). beta-D-Glucans and fucoidans under study differed appreciably from each other by structural characteristics, and also by degree of purification. beta-D-glucans, on ability to bind complement, ranked in a line according to a degree of their purification. Highly purified beta-D-glucans under study did not reveal an ability to bind complement. The fucoidans were divided conventionally into three groups according to their action on APC. Highly sulfated alpha-L-fucan from L. cichorioides with the greatest activity toward APC and caused 50% inhibition of reaction of activation (RA) of APC in a concentration of 0.5-0.7 mg/ml. Opposite 50% of inhibition of lysis of erythrocytes by sulfated heterogeneous fucoidan from L. japonica was achieved with 20 mg/ml. All other fucoidans and lambda-carrageenan have activity at 6-10 mg/ml concentration. Decreasing the sulfate content from 36% up to 9% in sample fucoidans under study was not reflected practically in the 50% inhibition concentration. Apparently, the degree of sulfating of fucoidans did not influence their action on APC. But the positive influence of fucose in structure of polysaccharide was obvious.
Asunto(s)
Activación de Complemento/efectos de los fármacos , Laminaria/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Asia Oriental , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Solubilidad , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
A sensitive a simple method is proposed for assessing the complement activation degree by the monospecific classical route. The alternative pathway of the complement activation proposed by Adachi et al. in 1990 is taken account of. The specific features of the proposed method are 1) use of commercial dry complement of guinea pigs with the regulatory protein defect needed for the alternative pathway of complement activation; 2) absence of EGTA in GVB and presence of Ca2+; 3) use of sensitized sheep red blood cells as the target cells. These conditions prevent the alternative pathway of complement activation and permit only the classical pathway. Effects of some drugs on the classical pathway of complement activation by the new method and on Adachi's alternative method are investigated. Estradurin and fosfestrol affect the complement activation by both pathways.
Asunto(s)
Vía Clásica del Complemento , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/inmunología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Vía Alternativa del Complemento/efectos de los fármacos , Vía Clásica del Complemento/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/inmunología , Dietilestilbestrol/análogos & derivados , Dietilestilbestrol/farmacología , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacología , Congéneres del Estradiol/farmacología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Cobayas , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Indicadores y Reactivos , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacología , Prednisolona/farmacología , Congéneres de la Progesterona/farmacología , Conejos , Ovinos , Espectrofotometría , Zimosan/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The specific composition of gamasid mites from three species of voles (Microtus arvalis Pall., M. agrestis L., M. oeconomus Pall.) is given. Forest, field and flood-land groupings of the common vole having distinct phenotypical differences are characterized by differences in the structure of their parasite fauna. In the forest the number of meadow and meadow-field species decreases while that of forest species of mites regularly increases.
Asunto(s)
Arvicolinae/parasitología , Ácaros/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ácaros/clasificación , Densidad de Población , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
18 068 small mammals belonging to 15 species were examined, 25 059 lice of 7 species (Hoplopleura acanthopus, H. edentula, H. affinis, H. longula, Polyplax serrata, P. borealis, Neohaematopinus laeviusculus) were collected from 2355 animals of 14 species. Information is given on the species composition, occurrence and abundance for lice on shrews and rodents. 50 per cent of collected animals belong to Clethrionomys glareolus and about 85 per cent of lice--to Hoplopleura edentula. Frequent cases were recorded of the occurrence of lice on non-typical hosts as a result of interspecific contacts of animals. H. edentula was more often than other species found on non-typical hosts. No specific lice were reported from shrews and some rodents, only vole lice were found. Seasonal and age changes in lice infection rate of mass rodents as well as infection rate in years of greater and lesser abundance of C. glareolus have been studied.