RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to obtain information, using a written questionnaire, on the knowledge, smoking behaviour, and attitudes of Costa Rican physicians about smoking as a health issue. A random sample of 650 physicians was chosen from a list of active physicians; 287 of them were covered by survey between August 1993 and October 1994, and 217 (76%) responded with data for the study. While 40% of the physicians who participated were ex-smokers, 19% were current smokers; 67% of these two groups combined reported smoking in the workplace. Only 49% believed that physicians could be a nonsmoking role model; the majority (87%) had asked patients about their smoking status. The only cessation technique consistently used (90%) was counselling about the dangers of smoking. Measures such as setting a date to quit smoking and nicotine replacement were rarely recommended (< or = 2%). Nearly all the physicians (99%) considered smoking to be a major health issue. These results showed a high prevalence of smoking among Costa Rican physicians, with little recognition of the need for them to set an example as a role model. While they were knowledgeable about the health risks of smoking, they did not recommend any of the proven techniques to help their patients to quit smoking. A clear consensus for more strict tobacco regulation exists, but to date little has been done to act on this.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Médicos/psicología , Médicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Fumar/epidemiología , Adulto , Costa Rica/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Fumar/efectos adversos , Cese del Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Comparación Transcultural , Diversidad Cultural , Filosofía Médica , Valores Sociales , Autopsia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Costa Rica , Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ontario , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Spores of Streptosporangium brasiliense aggregated at acidic pH's and were dissociated into free spores by changing to neutral or alkaline pH's. This finding was utilized in preparing uniform spore suspension, in which simple filtrations gave rise to consistent preparation of free spores at alkaline pH.
Asunto(s)
Actinomycetales/fisiología , Actinomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Sonicación , Esporas BacterianasRESUMEN
Fluorescent staining procedures were developed for elucidating the nucleoid region in Streptosporangium albidum and Streptosporangium brasiliense. In these procedures, plugs of nutrient agar were inoculated with the microorganims and then covered with a sterile glass slide. The growing cells adhered to the surface of the slide and remained attached throughout the staining procedures. Two separate staining methods were utilized, one with bisbenzimid H33258 and the other with auramine O. Fluorescent microscopy revealed intensely stained nucleoid regions within mycelia, spores, and sporangia.