RESUMEN

This work aimed to define strategies to increase the bioproduction of 6 pentyl-α-pyrone (bioaroma). As first strategy, fermentations were carried out in the solid state, with agro-industrial residues: Mauritia flexuosa Liliopsida. and Manihot esculenta Crantz in isolation, conducting them with different nutrient solutions having Trichoderma harzianum as a fermenting fungus. Physicochemical characterizations, centesimal composition, lignocellulosic and mineral content and antimicrobial activity were required. Fermentations were conducted under different humidification conditions (water, nutrient solution without additives and nutrient solutions with glucose or sucrose) for 9 days. Bioaroma was quantified by gas chromatography, assisted by solid-phase microextraction. The results showed the low production of this compound in fermentations conducted with sweet cassava (around 6 ppm (w/w)). The low bioproduction with sweet cassava residues can probably be related to its starch-rich composition, homogeneous substrate, and low concentration of nutrients. Already using buriti, the absence of aroma production was detected. Probably the presence of silicon and high lignin content in buriti minimized the fungal activity, making it difficult to obtain the aroma of interest. Given the characteristics presented by the waste, a new strategy was chosen: mixing waste in a 1:1 ratio. This fermentation resulted in the production of 156.24 ppm (w/w) of aroma using the nutrient solution added with glucose. This combination, therefore, promoted more favorable environment for the process, possibly due to the presence of fermentable sugars from sweet cassava and fatty acids from the buriti peel, thus proving the possibility of an increase of around 2500% in the bioproduction of coconut aroma.

Asunto(s)

Manihot , Pironas , Manihot/química , Manihot/metabolismo , Pironas/metabolismo , Pironas/química , Cocos/química , Odorantes/análisis , Hypocreales/metabolismo , Fermentación

RESUMEN

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

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Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Animales , Miel/análisis , Antioxidantes , Fenoles/análisis , Brasil , Ácidos Cumáricos

RESUMEN

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

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Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

RESUMEN

The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Miel , Animales , Brasil , Ácidos Cumáricos , Miel/análisis , Humanos , Fenoles/análisis

RESUMEN

The state of Bahia ranks fourth in the national rank for citrus production, and the region of Chapada Diamantina is emerging an important producer of orange for fresh fruit market. Huanglongbing (HLB) is the major phytosanitary threat to Bahia citriculture. In Brazil, the disease was first reported in 2004 in São Paulo state. The bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is one of the causal agents of HLB, which is transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Bahia is a HLB-free area; therefore, it is essential to monitor its citrus-producing areas to early detect any possible introduction of the CLas. This study aimed to monitor the presence of the bacteria in the insect vector. Diaphorina citri samples were collected from 2011 to 2014 in different cities located at Chapada Diamantina region and tested by qPCR for the presence of CLas. Three samples were considered positive to bacterium, and all from psyllids collected on Murraya paniculata in the city of Seabra.

Asunto(s)

Hemípteros/microbiología , Insectos Vectores/microbiología , Rhizobiaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Brasil , Citrus/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Rhizobiaceae/patogenicidad

RESUMEN

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), named as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is the vector of the bacterium associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease. The use of citrus flushing and ACP monitoring tools is essential for the knowledge of the occurrence pattern of cycles of both and for the improvement of the ACP management. During 3 years, 20 branches from 20 trees were evaluated for vegetative flushing, ACP abundance, and occupation in tree and branches in a Brazilian citrus area free for HLB. The obtained data was investigated through spectral and co-spectral analyses. Four to 12 flush shoot cycles occurred per year, which were similar to abundance and occupation cycles of ACP, with an apparent synchronization between these variables. In general, there was a difference from 14 to 19 days between flushing and ACP peaks, with an occurrence of the flushing peaks before the ACP peaks. Results will provide useful information to citrus growers and agricultural defense agencies to apply a suitable and targeted ACP management, which will avoid or delay the disease entrance into still free HLB areas. In addition, the modeling of occupation and abundance cycles of vectors as applied in this study may be useful for other pathosystems which insect vectors are associated or even in the intrusion monitoring programs.

Asunto(s)

Citrus/microbiología , Hemípteros/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/etiología , Animales , Bacterias/patogenicidad , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Insectos Vectores/microbiología , Árboles

RESUMEN

It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that occur at the cell-material interface of implants used for bone repair. The mechanisms involved in the initial stages of osteoblast interactions with the surface of the implant material must be decisive for cell fating surrounding them. In order to address this issue, we decided to investigate if conditioned medium for dental implants was able to modulate murine pre-osteoblast metabolism. First, we determined the concentration of titanium (Ti)-containing conditioned medium and found that it was 2-fold increased (p < 0.0001). We have reported that this conditioned medium significantly up-modulated pre-osteoblast adhesion up to 24 h (p < 0.0001). In parallel, our results showed that both phosphorylations of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) at Y397 (p < 0.0011) and Cofilin at Ser03 (p < 0.0053) were also up-modulated, as well as for Rac1 expression (p < 0.0175); both of them are involved with cell adaptation by rearranging cytoskeleton actin filaments. Thereafter, Ti-containing medium stimulated ROS (reactive oxygen species) production by pre-osteoblast cells, and it is very possible that ROS compromised PTP-1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) activation since PTP1B was down-phosphorylated (p < 0.0148). The low PTP activity guarantees the phosphorylation of FAK at Y-residue, causing better pre-osteoblast adhesion in response to Ti-containing medium. Altogether, these data indicate that ROS indirectly modulate FAK phosphorylation in response to Ti-released from dental implants. Taken the results in account, these data showed for the first time that the implanted dental device is able to dynamically affect surrounding tissues, mainly by promoting a better performance of the pre-osteoblast cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2968-2976, 2017.

Asunto(s)

Implantes Dentales , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Titanio/farmacología , Células 3T3 , Animales , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína-Tirosina Quinasas de Adhesión Focal/metabolismo , Ratones , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Titanio/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative body temperature and the need for blood transfusion and length of stay in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) or in the intensive care unit (ICU) among 79 patients undergoing elective oncology surgery of the digestive system. There was a statistically significant correlation between a lower temperature during surgery and medical diagnosis (p = .009), the use of bupivacaine anaesthesia (p = .016), anaesthesia time (p = .003) and anaesthesia type (p = .033), surgery time (p = .021) and surgery type (p = .002), volumes infused during the intraoperative period (p = .006), admission to the ICU (p = .032) and length of stay in PACU (p = .029). The lower the temperature when the patient is admitted to the operating room, the lower the temperature during the procedure (p Ë‚ .001). There was no association between the body temperature of patients and blood transfusion (p = .619). Hypothermia was associated with increased length of stay in the PACU, but was not associated with the need for blood transfusion during the intra- and postoperative periods. The use of preoperative passive warming methods allows patients to reach the operating room hypothermic.

Asunto(s)

Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Bupivacaína/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Sistema Digestivo/cirugía , Hipotermia/epidemiología , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/epidemiología , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia General , Anestesia Raquidea , Estudios Transversales , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Estudios Prospectivos , Sala de Recuperación , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT This fruit-fly species survey was based on fruits sampled at several sites (urban and rural areas) in the counties of Jaíba, Janaíba and Nova Porteirinha, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil over a 50-month period (from May 1999 to April 2001 and from June 2002 to July 2004). Thirty-two fruit species in 17 families were sampled, but fruit flies emerged from only 18 host-fruit species. Ceratitis capitata(Wied.) and eight Anastrepha species A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. turpiniae Stone, A. zenildae Zucchi, A. pickeli Lima, A. montei Lima and Anastrepha n.sp.3 were collected. Medflies emerged mostly from introduced fruits and were predominant in the urban areas, while the Anastrepha species were predominant in the rural areas. Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câm. (umbu) and Psidium guajava L. (guava) were the hosts most infested by tephritid larvae. Seven fruit-fly parasitoid species were collected: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (more abundant), D. fluminensis (Lima), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes).

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RESUMO O levantamento das moscas-das-frutas foi por meio de coleta de frutos em áreas rurais e urbanas de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, durante 50 meses (maio/1999 a abril/2001 e junho/2002 a julho/2004). Foram amostradas 32 espécies de frutos em 17 famílias, porém foram obtidas moscasdas-frutas em apenas 18 hospedeiros. Foram coletados exemplares de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) e de oito espécies de Anastrepha: A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. turpiniae Stone, A. zenildae Zucchi, A. pickeli Lima, A. montei Lima e Anastrepha n.sp.3. C. capitata ocorreu principalmente em hospedeiros introduzidos e foi predominante em áreas urbanas. As espécies de Anastrepha predominaram em áreas rurais. Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câm.) e goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) foram os hospedeiros mais infestados pelos tefritídeos. Sete espécies de parasitóides foram coletadas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti)(mais numeroso), D. fluminensis (Lima), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan., Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) e Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes).

RESUMEN

RESUMO Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) foi introduzido em 1937 no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, para o controle biológico da mosca do mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Apesar de na época este parasitóide ter sido criado em grandes quantidades e liberado em várias fazendas, nunca mais foi relatado no país, levantando controvérsias sobre seu estabelecimento. Este trabalho relata a redescoberta desta espécie no Brasil, mas em locais distantes de onde fora originalmente liberado. Estas novas ocorrências estão na Região Nordeste, onde T. giffardianus parece ter se adaptado melhor do que no território paulista.

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ABSTRACT Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was introduced in 1937 in São Paulo state, southeast Brazil, to control the medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). In spite of its being mass reared and released in several farms at that time, there were no further reports about its occurrence in the country, giving rise to controversies about its establishment. This paper deals with the rediscovering of T. giffardianus, but in a region far from where it was released. The new findings are in northeast Brazil, where this species seems to be better adapted to the local conditions.

RESUMEN

The present study used two molecular typing methods to investigate a cluster of eight cases of Candida parapsilosis fungemia in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Candida parapsilosis is an important opportunistic pathogen that is frequently involved in outbreaks of nosocomial fungemia. Identification of a common source of infection and determination of genetic relatedness among the strains involved in outbreaks are important for infection control. Candida parapsilosis strains were isolated from the bloodstream of patients housed in an intensive-care unit (n=5) and in individual rooms (n=3). An additional strain of Candida parapsilosis was isolated from a hyperalimentation infusion flask, which was implicated by molecular typing to be the source of infection. All strains were identified using morphological and biochemical methods. The genetic relationship between patients' strains and the hyperalimentation infusion strain was assessed by electrophoretic karyotype (EK) analysis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Both methods resulted in patterns that allowed differentiation of the isolates. Candida parapsilosis fungemia, in three of the eight patients, resulted from a common source of infection, as demonstrated by molecular typing methods. Image analysis of EK patterns indicated that these strains were closest to Candida parapsilosis Group II, a grouping that is a less frequent clinical isolate than the major Group I strains.

Asunto(s)

Candida/clasificación , Fungemia/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , ADN de Hongos/análisis , Fungemia/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio

RESUMEN

O presente trabalho traduz estudo prospectivo sobre indicadores de risco gravidico no Piaui. Para tanto, foi elaborada ficha contendo indicadores socio-economicos e medico-cirurgicos, aos quais foram dados valores arbitrarios de 0 a 8. Considerou-se alto risco quando a soma de pontos foi maior ou igual 8, medio risco de 4 a 7 e baixo risco menor 4. Os dados foram obtidos na primeira consulta de gestantes assistidas nos servicos pre-natal da Maternidade Dona Evangelina Rosa (capital do Estado), do bairro Dirceu Arcoverde (periferico da capital) e zona rural da cidade de Barras, que dista 120Km da capital. Esses grupos populacionais apresentaram em comum o fato de pertencerem a classes sociais com limitados recursos financeiros e, por isso, dependentes, quase exclusivamente, da assistencia medica gratuita oferecida pelo Estado. Os resultados demonstraram que os problemas socio-economicos repercutem na aceitacao da gravidez e interferem negativamente na assistencia prenatal. Dentre os problemas medicos destacam-se a sifilis, os estados de hipertensao arterial, as lesoes pre-malignas e malignas do colo uterino e as infeccoes urinarias. Dos tres grupos em estudo, o que apresentou indice mais elevado de gravidez de alto risco foi o da zona rural de Barras, seguido daquele assistido no pre-natal da Maternidade Dona Evangelina Rosa

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Femenino , Indicadores de Salud , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Atención Prenatal , Riesgo