RESUMEN

The non-tuberculosis mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) are able to cause human mycobacteriosis. In this work, the results of the first comprehensive study of the genome polymorphism of the clinical strains of MAH were reported using the typing scheme by 13 loci MATR-VNTR (TR292, TRX3, TR25, TR47, MATR-1, MATR-4, MATR-5, MATR-6, MATR-8, MATR-11, MATR-14, MATR-15, MATR-16) containing tandem nucleotide sites and IS1245-RFLP-typing sites. A total of 90 MAH strains isolated from patients with lung mycobacteriosis without epidemiological connection (including HIV infected) were tested in 2008-2011. The inhomogeneity of the MAH strains by 36 profiles of 13 loci MATR-VNTR was observed. The majority of the strains (68.8%) were included in the 8 MATR-VNTR clusters; most large cluster contained 37 strains with 13-bitnumerical profile 2222223145443'. The nucleotide sequence of the MATR-16 (3') locus contains the long deletion (GenBank accession no. KF479191). The MAH strains of the MATR-VNTR clusters were found to be inhomogeneous by the IS1245 marker. The MATR-VNTR-typing method by 13 loci is recommended for preliminary differentiation of domestic MAH strains with further analysis of the MATR-VNTR clusters using the IS1245-RFLP-typing method.

Asunto(s)

Genoma Bacteriano , Infecciones por Mycobacterium no Tuberculosas/genética , Mycobacterium avium/genética , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Secuencia de Bases , VIH/genética , VIH/patogenicidad , Humanos , Mycobacterium avium/patogenicidad , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción/genética

RESUMEN

The DNA of virus of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk was detected in 116 cervical samples. At that, the morphological symptoms of background processes are detected in 19 samples, CIN 1 in 9, CIN 2 in 23, CIN 3 in 54 (and out of them carcinoma in situ in 13), epidermoid cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) in 11 cases. The viral load of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk in all samples of DNA exceeded threshold of clinical value (3 lg copies of DNA of human papilloma/105 cells). The genetic typing of human papilloma of high carcinogenic risk revealed the dominance of human papilloma of type 16 in 49.7%, type 33 in 15.3%, type 31 in 12.3% and type 45 in 5.5%. In women with background processes in cervix of the uterus DNA of human papilloma type 16 was detected more often in episome form. In case of dysplastic alterations of epithelium and cervical cancer DNA of human papilloma type 16 is detected in mixt form with different degree of integration into cell genome.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , ADN Viral/metabolismo , Epitelio/virología , Papillomavirus Humano 16/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Cuello del Útero , ADN Viral/genética , Epitelio/metabolismo , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología

RESUMEN

Sixty 60 human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-positive cervical epithelium biopsy specimens were studied by cytological, histological, immunomorphological, and PCR assays. No correlation was found between proliferation markers and the degree of integration of HPV 16 DNA integration into the cell genome. The number of cells with Ki-67 expression, mitoses, and their alteration was related to the grade of epithelial lesion. Expression of p53 was detected only in the episomal form of HPV DNA and its low integration.

Asunto(s)

Cuello del Útero , ADN Viral/metabolismo , Genoma Humano , Papillomavirus Humano 16/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Integración Viral , Adulto , Anciano , Cuello del Útero/metabolismo , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/virología , Epitelio/metabolismo , Epitelio/patología , Epitelio/virología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/biosíntesis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/biosíntesis

RESUMEN

AIM: Molecular-genetic characteristic of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from operation material of patients with tuberculous spondylitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 107 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated in 2007 - 2011 from patients with spine tuberculosis were studied by methods of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR by 12 and 24 loci. RESULTS: Strains of genetic family Beijing dominated (n = 80), 78% of those had multiple drug resistance (MDR). Strains of genetic families T, H3 (Ural), LAM, Manu, H4 and S were also detected. Differentiating of 80 strains of Beijing genotype by MIRU-VNTR method by 24 loci revealed 24 variants (HGI = 0.83) including 7 clusters, the largest of those (100-32) included 23 strains (87% MDR). CONCLUSION: The leading role of Beijing genotype M. tuberculosis strains in development of tuberculous spondylitis with multiple drug resistance of the causative agent is shown.

Asunto(s)

Sitios Genéticos , Variación Genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Espondilitis/genética , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Espondilitis/microbiología , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/microbiología

RESUMEN

Mycobacterium avium are typical environmental, non-tuberculosis microorganisms that occasionally cause mycotuberculosis, an infectious disease in wild and domestic animals, birds, and humans. Here, we report the results of the first study on the genetic diversity of the Russian population of M. avium. A total of 85 M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) clinical strains were isolated from patients (including 30 HIV-positive individuals) with mycobacteriosis in St. Petersburg, 2008-2011. The biochemical identification of the microorganisms was carried out using the PCR detection of the mobile elements IS901 and IS900, as well as of the polymorphism of restriction fragments of the hsp65 gene. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated by VNTR typing based on eight variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) (292, X3, 25, 47, 3, 7, 10, and 32 [Thibault et al., 2007]). The MAH population studied was characterized by 15 VNTR types, including nine unique patterns and six clusters of isolates with identical eight-digit profiles. The largest clusters (22221128 and 24221128) included 45 (59.2%) and 15 (19.7%) isolates, respectively; the others contained from 2-7 strains. The strains of the cluster 2533112'8 possessed a truncated TR10 locus (allele 2'). Taking into account the absence of the epidemiological links between the patients and the fact that the infection was delivered from the environment, the high rate of clustering of MAH isolates can be explained by the low discriminatory power of the eight-locus VNTR-typing scheme (HGDI 0-0.61).

Asunto(s)

Variación Genética , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Mycobacterium avium/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Chaperonina 60/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Mycobacterium avium/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Federación de Rusia

RESUMEN

Biodiversity and evolution of circulating bacteria and virus populations is a serious scientific problem, solving this problem is necessary for effective prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Principal trends of development in this field of science are described. Results of studies that were carried out and investigated biodiversity of principal pathogens in Russia and St. Petersburg in particular are presented. Risk of infectious security of society caused by increasing diversity of pathogenic microorganisms is described, and priority trends of research development in this field are specified.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/clasificación , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles/microbiología , Virus/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/patogenicidad , Biodiversidad , Evolución Biológica , Virus ADN/genética , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Federación de Rusia , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Virus/genética , Virus/patogenicidad

RESUMEN

AIM: Determination of genetic and molecular features of pathogens circulating in Russia, in the northwest of the country and in St. Petersburg to resolve the problems of spread of diseases caused by these pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Complete and limited gene sequencing, DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, spoligotyping, VNTR-typing, resistotyping and other methods were used. RESULTS: Data on population structure and dominant genotypes of tuberculosis mycobacteria, corynebacteria, helicobacteria, hepatitis A, B, C, human papilloma viruses circulating in Russia, in the northwest of the country and in St. Petersburg were obtained. Genetic divergence of rubella virus and poliovirus vaccine strains under mass vaccination conditions was detected. Evidence of higher effectiveness of pathogen genotyping methods in epidemiologic diagnostics compared with traditional epidemiological investigation was obtained. CONCLUSION: Microorganism genotyping methods were helpful in resolving strategic problems of contemporary epidemiology. Perspectives of further development of these methods are related to obtaining data on circulating genotypes in all regions of the world, establishment of complete databases on circulating genotypes and integration of this methodology into daily diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Epidemiología Molecular , Virus/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , Corynebacterium/clasificación , Corynebacterium/genética , Corynebacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Genotipo , Helicobacter/clasificación , Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de Hepatitis/clasificación , Virus de Hepatitis/genética , Virus de Hepatitis/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Mycobacterium/clasificación , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Poliovirus/clasificación , Poliovirus/genética , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Virus de la Rubéola/clasificación , Virus de la Rubéola/genética , Virus de la Rubéola/aislamiento & purificación , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Virus/clasificación , Virus/genética

RESUMEN

AIM: Characteristics of drug resistance (DR) and population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pskov region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 90 strains of M. tuberculosis drug resistance was studied by culture method and by using "TB-BIOCHIP"; genotyping was determined by spoligotyping method. RESULTS: 55 (61.1%) of 90 M.tuberculosis strains had drug resistance, with 40 (44.4%) being multi-resistant. M. tuberculosis population was presented by SIT1 spoligotype strains of genetic families Beijing--44.4%, LAM--21.1%, T--14.4%, Haarlem--11.1% and Ural--5.6%, according to SpolDB4. Among M. tuberculosis strains circulating in Pskov region the most widespread (44.4%) was SIT1 spoligotype (p < 0.0001). DR and multi-resistant DR (MDR) in Beijing strains occurred more frequently than in "non-Beijing" strains (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03 respectively) and were determined by rpoB mutations Ser531-->Ley and katG Ser315-->Thr. All the SIT252 spoligotype strains were multi-resistant, and their resistance to rifampicin was determined by rpoB Asp516-->Ser substitution, to isoniazid --katG Ser315-->Thr and inhA_T15 substitutions. CONCLUSION: The data obtained gives evidence on tuberculosis epidemiological unfavorability and wide circulation of MDR M. tuberculosis strains in Pskov region.

Asunto(s)

Antituberculosos/administración & dosificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Isoniazida/administración & dosificación , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/clasificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Rifampin/administración & dosificación , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/epidemiología

RESUMEN

AIM: Improvement of etiologic diagnostics of disseminated lung tuberculosis (DLT) and determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) drug susceptibility on the basis of molecular genetic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples from respiratory tract of patients with DLT were studied using real time polymerase chain reaction and the "TB-BIOCHIP" assay developed by Institute of Molecular Biology. Methods of spoligotyping and reverse hybridization were used for identification, genotyping and express-detection of drug resistance of MBT to rifampicin in sputum samples stained for bacterioscopy. RESULTS: In 76 (41.5%) of 183 patients with radiological signs of DLT, DNA of tuberculosis complex mycobacteria was detected in respiratory tract samples (specificity 87.7%); mutations in genes rpoB, katG, inhA as well as region ahpC-oxyR associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazide were revealed in 67% and 79.5% of patients with DLT respectively. In 48.8% of sputum samples, DNA of MBT of epidemically significant genotype Beijing associated with multidrug resistance of MBT in Russia was identified. CONCLUSION: Molecular genetic methods allow to use both fresh and archived respiratory tract specimens for rapid verification of DLT diagnosis during oligobacillar forms of tuberculosis as well as timely prescribe and correct the treatment regimen of the patient according to individual drug susceptibility spectrum of the agent.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Catalasa/genética , ARN Polimerasas Dirigidas por ADN , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Humanos , Mutación/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Rifampin/farmacología , Federación de Rusia , Esputo/microbiología

RESUMEN

Trepan biopsy specimens were studied in 12 patients with hepatic cirrhosis-cancer and in 22 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Blood antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HBsAg were detected in 50% of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis-cancer and in 18.1% of those with hepatic cirrhosis. Polymerase chain reaction detection of HCV DNA in the cells of trepan biopsy specimens suggests its role in the pathogenesis of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatic cirrhosis-cancer. The cytological criteria for hepatic cirrhosis-cancer, unlike hepatic cirrhosis, are that the cytological specimen shows a preponderance of atypical hepatocytes with hyperchromic angular nuclei occupying the bulk of a cell, as well as mitoses in them.

Asunto(s)

Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Anciano , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/patología , Núcleo Celular/virología , ADN Viral/sangre , Femenino , Hepacivirus/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/patología , Hepatocitos/virología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/virología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

The authors studied drug sensitivity, mutations in the katG, in-hA, alpC, rpoB genes, virulence via the cytotoxicity test on THP-1 cells, and the viability and genetic affiliation of 53 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates versus data on the form and dynamics of a process. Sensitive and resistant strains did not significantly differ in viability and cytotoxicity. The highest death of infected macrophages was observed was seen with infection of M. tuberculosis of the Beijing B0 genotype, the least one seen with that of LAM with the similar rate of multiple drug resistance. There was a correlation of the changes in the count of lymphocytes in patients with the genetic affiliation of a causative agent. The severest course of the tuberculous process was observed in baseline lymphopenia (before treatment) in combination with multidrug resistance of mycobacteria, high and moderate cytotoxicity and high viability. Ser-Leu 531 mutation resulted in cross resistance to rifampicin and mycobutin in most cases.

Asunto(s)

Antibióticos Antituberculosos/farmacología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Rifabutina/farmacología , Rifampin/farmacología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Genes Bacterianos , Genotipo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mutación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidad , Rifabutina/uso terapéutico , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Virulencia

RESUMEN

Recent phylogenetic studies allowed the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex to be divided into a number of the strain families. The W-Beijing family is one of most widespread M. tuberculosis variants frequently causing epidemic outbreaks. This family is genetically homogenous and conserved so that ETR A, B, C, D, E - typing is insufficient for the W-Beijing differentiation. All W-Beijing isolates have common profile (42435). This led to the false clustering in the molecular epidemiology study, especially in the region of predominance of the W-Beijing family. In this investigation we searched for the VNTR loci with high evolution rate, which were polymorphic in the W-Beijing genome. Eleven VNTR-loci were assayed in the DNA panel of 99 M. tuberculosis isolates from the tuberculosis patients in North-West and West-Siberian regions of Russia during the period from 2000 to 2001. Ninety nine strains of M. tuberculosis were divided into 74 VNTR-types, 51 isolates of the W-Beijing family were subdivided into 30 VNTR-types. The Hunter-Gudson index (HGDI) for all studied loci (ETR-A, ETR-C, ETR-E, V, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V10, V11) was close to one of the IS6110 RFLP indices being "the gold standard" of the M. tuberculosis complex genotyping. The V2, V3 loci located in the sequences of the PPE gene family, were highly polymorphic and more discriminative then others (HGDI is about 0.8). The congruence between the IS6110 RFLP-typing and 11 loci VNTR-typing was measured during genotyping for 23 isolates of the W-Beijing family. The isolates were divided into 9 genotypes by the IS6110 RFLP and into 13 variants by the VNTR-typing. The profiles correlation coefficient was 0.767689 that reflected the differences in the rate and type of the given genome target evolution.

Asunto(s)

Repeticiones de Minisatélite/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/clasificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Federación de Rusia

RESUMEN

Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains (their genotype, drug resistance, and virulence) and the characteristics of their caused processes were studied. More than a half the studied MBT isolates belonged to the genetic family Beijing. As compared with mycobacteria of individual genotypes, they showed a significantly higher rate of multidrug resistance, polyresistance, and a high virulescence and caused more common and frequently progressive pulmonary lesions requiring the use of large-dose isoniazid and second-line drugs and early surgical treatment.

Asunto(s)

Antibióticos Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Genotipo , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética

RESUMEN

The results of identification of Mycobacterium non-tuberculosis isolated in the North-West Region of the Russian Federation, which have been obtained in the past 20 years, are presented. The identification was made by bacteriological and biochemical studies. M. avium-intracellulare complex is the man causative agent of mycobacteriosis. The currently available methods of chromatography and molecular genetics, which are designed for accelerated detection and species-specific identification of Mycobacterium, are briefly reviewed.

Asunto(s)

Cromatografía/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Humanos

RESUMEN

A relationship of the clinical picture of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis to the genotype, drug resistance, and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains was studied. As compared with the processes induced by individual genotypes, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by MBT from the family Beijing was found to be characterized by more marked clinical symptoms, multisegmental lung tissue lesions with multiple decay cavities, by low bacteriostatic blood activity, abundant bacterial isolation, and progression. MBT of the Beijing genotype were characterized by higher rates of resistance to antituberculous drugs and their combinations than were the strains of individual genotypes; they have a high virulence, which is likely to enhance their transmissibility and to determine the poor course of a specific process.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antituberculosos/farmacología , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Teóricos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidad , Polimorfismo Genético , Radiografía Torácica , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Virulencia

RESUMEN

The paper presents the microbiological and molecular genetic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) isolated from multiple lesion foci in 26 patients with multiorgan and generalized tuberculosis. Cultures of MBT of the family Beijing were isolated from the pathological specimens taken from 17 (65.4%) patients; those with individual genotypes were in 9 (34.6%) patients. The study indicated that cultured MBT from different types of pathological material from 25 of the 26 patients had identical spoligotypes irrespective of their clinical diagnosis. At the same time minor profile IS6110 changes might occur in the Mycobacteria of a patient during persistence. It may be concluded that multiple foci of tuberculous affliction in the patients are of unique origin and have the mechanism of development, associated with endogenous reactivation of infection.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Espondilitis/microbiología , Esputo/microbiología , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/microbiología , Tuberculosis Osteoarticular/microbiología , Tuberculosis de la Columna Vertebral/microbiología , Tuberculosis Urogenital/microbiología , Orina/microbiología

RESUMEN

Susceptibility to levofloxacin of 56 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolated from 22 patients with first estimated and 84 patients with chronic tuberculosis was investigated. Ratio of multi-drug resistance achieved 54.5 per cent in first group and 94.1 per cent in the second group. 23 (41.1 per cent) isolated strains belonged to individual genotypes, 33 (58.9 per cent)--to Beijing group. All mycobacteria isolates were sensitive to critical concentration of levofloxacin--10 mcg/mL. The results of the investigation proves the ability to recommend levofloxacin application at the patients with first estimated tuberculosis and at the patients with most hazardous tuberculosis pathogen of Beijing group.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Levofloxacino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ofloxacino/farmacología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Genotipo , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética

RESUMEN

Spoligotyping was used for genotyping of 238 M. tuberculosis cultures isolated from 302 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis living in the north-west of Russia, including those in Saint Petersburg, in 1998-2001, and the M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv, M. bovis, and M. bovic BCG and M. tuberculosis in the specimens painted for microscopy. The quality of spoligotyping was high and similar to that when DNA from the cultured mycobacteria and slide scrapes. The findings were compared with the data available in the International database. There was heterogenicity in the microbial population: the clinical strains showed 58 (RO-R57) types of profiles, of them 56% were revealed in single cases. The spoligotype RO(1; S1) was found in 153 (51%) patients. This spoligotype is predominant in the world and characteristic of polyresistant high-transmissive strains of the genetic family Beijing. The spoligotypes R24 (251), R14 (252), and R8 (253) first described by the authors are now encountered only in Russia. To extend the Russian database that contains M. tuberculosis spologotyping profiles from different regions will promote the improvement of an epidemiological surveillance system and tuberculosis control programmes not only within administrative territorial entities, but also within the whole country.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fenotipo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética

RESUMEN

The RFLP-IS6110 assay was used to genotype 67 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from different specimens (including intraoperative ones) of 24 patients operated on for chronic progressive pulmonary tuberculosis who lived in north-western Russia. More than half (53%) of 17 types of RFLP profiles of isolates are identical and typical of M. tuberculosis of the Beijing family. Comparing the results of isolate genotyping with clinical, microbiological, and pathomorphological findings allows cases of endogenous reactivation to be differentiated from exogenous (nosocomial, in particular) reinfection in recurrence. Beijing genotype strains are shown to cause more severe unarrested course of drug-resistant fibrocavernous tuberculosis. At the same time such strains are more frequently detected in relatively young persons with a shorter duration of the disease, which reflects current clonal Beijing genotype dissemination that present a severe epidemiological hazard.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biología Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología

RESUMEN

The virulence of 43 Mycobacteria tuberculosis strains isolated from 21 patients with new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and from 20 patients with chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (CDPT) was studied in non-inbred albino mice. Twenty four (56%) and 19 (44%) M. tuberculosis strains belonged to the Beijing and individual genotypes, respectively. The virulence of isolates from the new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was higher than that from CDPT patients. The M. tuberculosis strains studied showed no correlation between the virulence, viability, and affiliation to a certain genotype. However, there was a lower rate of decreased virulence in multidrug-resistant strains of the Beijing genotype than in the isolates of individual genotypes. This is likely to be a factor of the high transmissible capacity of M. tuberculosis strains of the Beijing family.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidad , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Animales , Genotipo , Ratones , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética