RESUMEN
ABSTRACT. Introduction: the goal of this study was to determine the frequency of cigarette smoking among staff from Universidad de Antioquia School of Dentistry and its related factors. Methods: cross-sectional study by means of a self-completion survey administered to professors, students, and employees. Variables: sociodemographic conditions, characteristics of the habit of smoking, weight and height (BMI), and relations with co-workers and classmates. Regarding smoking cessation, prevalence (P: current use) and experience (E: current/past use) were considered. The description of variables was done separately for women (W) and men (M). The association of experience and prevalence to sex, physical activity, and BMI was studied through logistic regression, calculating crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (ORc and ORa, respectively), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: sex was significantly associated with smoking, being higher in men (P: ORa 5.34; IC95% 2.73-10.45 and E: ORa 2.93; IC95% 2.08-4.14). Physical activity also had statistically significant association to prevalence (ORa 5.78; 95% 2.02-16.53). Nearly a quarter of men and 8% of women have considered smoking sometime in their lives (p < 0.0001). In a greater proportion, the surveyed population reported that their co-workers or classmates smoke near them (M: 25%, W: 16%, p = 0,007). More than 75% of smokers of both sexes consider the possibility of quitting the habit, or have tried to do so. Conclusions: the habit of smoking showed differences in terms of sociodemographic factors. Promotion and prevention strategies are needed to encourage healthier lifestyles.
RESUMEN. Introducción: el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en determinar la frecuencia del consumo de cigarrillo en el personal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia, así como sus factores relacionados. Métodos: estudio transversal mediante encuesta autodiligenciada a docentes, estudiantes y empleados. Variables: sociodemográficas, características del hábito de fumar, peso y talla (IMC), y relaciones de convivencia. Con respecto al hábito de fumar, se tuvieron en cuenta la prevalencia (P: consumo actual), y la experiencia (E: consumo actual/pasado). Se realizó una descripción de las variables en forma separada para hombres (H) y mujeres (M). Se estudió la asociación entre la experiencia y la prevalencia con el sexo, la actividad física e IMC por medio de regresión logística, calculando Odds Ratio crudas (ORc) y ajustadas (ORa), con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: el sexo se asoció significativamente con el consumo de cigarrillo, el cual fue mayor en los hombres (P: ORa 5,34; IC95% 2,73- 10,45 y E: ORa 2,93; IC95% 2,08- 4,14). La actividad física también tuvo asociación estadísticamente significativa para el caso de la variable prevalencia (ORa 5,78; IC95% 2,02- 16,53). Casi una cuarta parte de los hombres y un 8% de las mujeres han considerado fumar en alguna vez en la vida (p<0,0001). En mayor proporción, la población encuestada reportó que sus compañeros de trabajo o estudio fuman cerca de ellos (H: 25%, M: 16%, p=0,007). Más del 75% de los fumadores de ambos sexos piensan dejar el hábito de fumar, o han intentado hacerlo. Conclusiones: se encontraron diferencias en el hábito de fumar según factores sociodemográficos. Se requieren estrategias de promoción y prevención que conlleven a estilos de vida saludables.
Asunto(s)
Epidemiología , Estudiantes de Odontología , Colombia , Fumar CigarrillosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The morphological and genetic differences among R. microplus strains have been documented in the literature, suggesting that biogeographical and ecological separation may have resulted in boophilid ticks from America/Africa and those from Australia being different species. To test the hypothesis of the presence of different boophilid species, herein we performed a series of experiments to characterize the reproductive performance of crosses between R. microplus from Australia, Africa and America and the genetic diversity of strains from Australia, Asia, Africa and America. RESULTS: The results showed that the crosses between Australian and Argentinean or Mozambican strains of boophilid ticks are infertile while crosses between Argentinean and Mozambican strains are fertile. These results showed that tick strains from Africa (Mozambique) and America (Argentina) are the same species, while ticks from Australia may actually represent a separate species. The genetic analysis of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA and microsatellite loci were not conclusive when taken separately, but provided evidence that Australian tick strains were genetically different from Asian, African and American strains. CONCLUSION: The results reported herein support the hypothesis that at least two different species share the name R. microplus. These species could be redefined as R. microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (for American and African strains) and probably the old R. australis Fuller, 1899 (for Australian strains), which needs to be redescribed. However, experiments with a larger number of tick strains from different geographic locations are needed to corroborate these results.