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Neurofibromas, rare benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, present diagnostic challenges, particularly in diabetic patients with toe ulcers. This case involves a 55-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed an enlarging ulcer on her right second toe. The initial evaluation suggested a diabetic ulcer; however, advanced imaging revealed a mass-like lesion. Partial excision and biopsy confirmed a neurofibroma with spindle cells within the myxoid stroma and S100 protein expression. One month later, total excision and Z-plasty reconstruction were performed under general anesthesia. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without complications. Follow-up revealed successful healing with no recurrence or functional issues. This case highlights the importance of considering neurofibromas in the differential diagnosis of diabetic toe ulcers to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management.

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Evans Syndrome (ES) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Thrombotic complications in ES patients are uncommon, particularly involving Buerger's Disease (BD). We report a case of a 49-year-old male with ES and a history of diabetes and heavy smoking, presenting with a necrotic wound on his right great toe. Diagnostic evaluations revealed severe stenosis and thrombosis in the lower limb arteries, diagnosed as BD. The patient underwent successful popliteal-tibioperoneal artery bypass surgery and the subsequent disarticulation and revision of the distal phalanx, followed by the application of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to promote healing. Post-surgery, the patient showed significant improvement in blood flow and complete epithelialization without complications. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing complex wounds in ES patients, suggesting potential treatment pathways for future cases involving BD.

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BACKGROUND: The nasal bone, being the most protruding bone in the center of the facial bones, is particularly susceptible to damage. Nasal bone fractures can often result in secondary deformation and dysfunction of the nose, including septal fractures. Studies on functional or intra-nasal complications have been rarely reported after nasal bone fracture reduction. AIM: To evaluate the severity of nasal obstruction and its improvement following nasal bone fracture reduction using inferior turbinoplasty. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 50 patients with symptomatic nasal obstruction between January to December 2010. All patients underwent preoperative Computed tomography evaluation, and symptom changes and nasal cavity volume were analyzed using a visual analog scale and acoustic rhinometry before and after surgery. Closed reduction and out-fracture of both inferior turbinates performed by the same surgeon. Treatment outcomes were assessed by comparing changes in the nasal airway volume measured using acoustic rhinometry before and after surgery. The minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) was also analyzed based on the Stranc classification. RESULTS: Before reduction, the mean MCA for all cases was 0.59 ± 0.06 cm2, which represented an 11% decrease compared to the average size of a Korean adult (0.65 ± 0.03 cm2). The MCA for frontal impact was 0.60 ± 0.02 cm2 and for lateral impact, it was 0.58 ± 0.03 cm2. After reduction via inferior turbinoplasty, the MCA improved to 0.64 ± 0.04 cm2. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that turbinoplasty is helpful in addressing nasal obstruction. Out-fracture of the inferior turbinate is an effective and durable technique that can be easily performed to enlarge the nasal airway with minimal morbidity.

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The increased peripheral arterial disease (PAD) incidence associated with aging and increased incidence of cardiovascular conditions underscores the significance of assessing lower limb perfusion. This study aims to report on the correlation and utility of two novel non-invasive instruments: transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2 ) and forward-looking infrared (FLIR) thermography. A total of 68 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer and PAD who underwent vascular studies at a single institution between March 2022 and March 2023 were included. Cases with revascularization indications were treated by a cardiologist. Following the procedure, ambient TcPO2 and FLIR thermography were recorded on postoperative days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In impaired limbs, TcPO2 was 12.3 ± 2 mmHg and FLIR thermography was 28.7 ± 0.9°C. TcPO2 (p = 0.002), FLIR thermography (p = 0.015) and ankle-brachial index (p = 0.047) values significantly reduced with greater vascular obstruction severity. Revascularization (n = 39) significantly improved TcPO2 (12.5 ± 1.7 to 19.1 ± 2.2 mmHg, p = 0.011) and FLIR (28.8 ± 1.8 to 32.6 ± 1.6°C; p = 0.018), especially in severe impaired angiosomes. TcPO2 significantly increased immediately post-procedure, then gradually, whereas the FLIR thermography values plateaued from day 1 to 28 post-procedure. In conclusion, FLIR thermography is a viable non-invasive tool for evaluating lower limb perfusion based on angiosomes, comparable with TcPO2 .

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Constricted ear has a prevalence of 5.2 to 10% among ear abnormalities, and various surgical methods are suggested for treatment. We introduce a case of a constricted ear treated with a simple method using a novel concept cartilage graft and transposition flap, along with the well-known Mustardé suture, which is used for pediatric patients with mild to moderate constricted ears of Tanzer classification type IIA. A 10-year-old female patient visited the hospital complaining of an abnormality in the congenital right ear. Surgical approach was planned under the diagnosis of Tanzer classification type IIA constricted right ear. Posterior helix onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap using excessive helical cartilage were performed along with the Mustardé suture. In the immediate postoperative period, ear contour was improved, and it was well-maintained without recurrence until 6 months' follow-up. In conclusion, the combination of Mustardé suture, and cartilage onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap in the mild to moderate constricted ear would be a useful surgical option, producing aesthetically good results in a simple and effective method.

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BACKGROUND: When a firm facial mass in the cheek region is associated with a high index of clinical suspicion of its being of parotid gland origin, preventive parotidectomy is invariably performed. We report a rare case of a schwannoma that was suspected to be of parotid gland origin in a patient, who underwent successful surgical management using a modified-Blair incision and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) layer folding method. CASE SUMMARY: A 27-year-old woman presented to the hospital for evaluation of a firm, fixed, non-tender mass (2.5 cm × 3.5 cm), located anterior to the right ear, of 1 year's duration. Contrast-enhanced facial computed tomography revealed a well-encapsulated, low-density mass adherent to the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland, with a high index of clinical suspicion of an accessory parotid gland mass. The patient was scheduled to undergo resection of the mass and superficial parotidectomy. She underwent surgery using a modified-Blair incision, and the SMAS layer was folded posteriorly to reconstruct the defect. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma., and we observed no postoperative complications such as hematoma, infection, or abnormal facial expressions. The incision scar was unnoticeable 2 mo postoperatively, and the facial contour was maintained without any differences between the affected and unaffected sides. CONCLUSION: We used a modified-Blair incision and SMAS layer folding method to achieve aesthetically good results following resection of a rare schwannoma with superficial parotidectomy in the cheek region.

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BACKGROUND: Many cases of emphysema associated with blow-out fractures occur before surgery due to trauma. However, emphysema can occur even after surgery, and most of such cases are managed conservatively and allowed to resolve. Swelling in the periorbital area due to emphysema that occurs after surgery can make early recovery difficult. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we describe a case of postoperative subcutaneous emphysema that was treated using a simple needle aspiration method. A 48-year-old male patient visited the hospital with a blow-out fracture of the left medial orbital wall and nasal bone fracture. One day postoperatively, swelling and crepitus in the left periorbital area were observed, and follow-up computed tomography showed emphysema in the left periorbital subcutaneous area. Needle aspiration using an 18-gauge needle and syringe was used to relieve the emphysema. The symptoms of sudden swelling improved immediately, and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that needle aspiration is a useful method that could help in relieving symptom, resolving discomfort, and enabling early return to daily life in patients with postoperative subcutaneous emphysema.