RESUMEN
This study investigated the association between maternal smartphone use during breastfeeding and the quality of mother-infant interactions and maternal visual responsiveness to the infant's bids for attention. We observed 13 mother-infant dyads and video-recorded breastfeeding under the experimental (smartphone use) and control (no smartphone use) conditions on separate days. To evaluate the quality of mother-infant interactions between the two conditions, we used the Japanese revised version of the Assessment of Mother-Infant Sensitivity (AMIS) scale. The mothers' visual responses to their infants' bids for attention were categorized into two groups. In this study, although smartphone use clearly increased distracted feeding times, we found no significant associations between maternal smartphone use and the quality of mother-infant interactions or bonding during breastfeeding. However, smartphone use during breastfeeding was found to interfere with the mother's ability to respond visually to the infant's bid for her attention. The results of this study can be applied while developing resources regarding smartphone use for nursing mothers.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Teléfono Inteligente , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Madres , Apego a ObjetosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Genetic variations have been identified in the genome of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains using vesicle fluid, varicella scabs and throat swab samples. We report a rare case of VZV-associated uveitis with severe hyphema, which was immediately diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the aqueous humor, in which we were able to analyze the VZV genotype for the first time. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old Japanese boy was referred to our hospital with a 20-day history of unilateral anterior uveitis and 11-day history of hyphema. At presentation, details of the iris, the iridocorneal angle, and the fundus were not visible due to the severe hyphema. Serum anti-VZV IgG and anti-VZV IgM were elevated, and 1.61 × 109 copies/mL of VZV-DNA were detected by real-time PCR using the aqueous humor. As there were no eruptions on his face or body, we diagnosed zoster sine herpete and started intravenous administration of prednisolone and acyclovir. The hyphema completely disappeared 2 weeks after presentation, while sectorial iris atrophy and mild periphlebitis of the fundus became gradually apparent. Anterior inflammation and periphlebitis gradually improved and VZV-DNA in the aqueous humor was reduced to 1.02 × 106 copies/mL at 4 weeks after presentation. Examination by slit lamp microscope revealed no inflammation after 5 months, and VZV-DNA could no longer be detected in the aqueous humor. Serum anti-VZV IgG and anti-VZV IgM also showed a gradual decrease along with improvement in ocular inflammation. The genetic analysis of multiple open reading frames and the R5 variable repeat region in the VZV genes, using DNA extracted from the aqueous humor at presentation, showed that the isolate was a wild-type clade 2 VZV strain (prevalent in Japan and surrounding countries) with R5A allele and one SNP unique to clade 1 (both are major types in Europe and North America). CONCLUSIONS: VZV-associated uveitis may develop hyphema that obscures ocular inflammation, thus PCR analysis using the aqueous humor is the key investigation necessary for the diagnosis. The measurement of VZV-DNA copies by real-time PCR would be useful for evaluation of therapeutic effects. We could amplify and analyze VZV genotype using the aqueous humor including a very large number of VZV-DNA copies (1.61 × 109 copies/mL).
Asunto(s)
Humor Acuoso/virología , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/complicaciones , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Hipema/virología , Uveítis Anterior/virología , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/sangre , ADN Viral/análisis , Europa (Continente) , Genotipo , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/diagnóstico , Herpes Zóster Oftálmico/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 3/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidad , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Uveítis Anterior/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since the first case of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced corneal endotheliitis in which HCMV DNA was detected from the patient's aqueous humour using PCR, the clinical evidence for HCMV endotheliitis has been accumulating. However, it remains to be confirmed whether HCMV can efficiently replicate in corneal endothelial cells. We, therefore, sought to determine whether primary cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) could support HCMV replication. METHODS: Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) have been shown to be fully permissive for HCMV replication, and are commonly used as an in vitro model for HCMV lytic replication. Therefore, primary cultured HCECs or HFFs were infected with the vascular endotheliotropic HCMV strain TB40/E or laboratory strain Towne. We then compared viral mRNA and protein expression, genome replication and growth between the TB40/E-infected and Towne-infected HCECs and HFFs. RESULTS: When HCECs were infected with TB40/E or Towne, rounded cells resembling owl's eyes as well as viral antigens were detected. Viral mRNA synthesis and protein expression proceeded efficiently in the HCECs and HFFs infected with TB40/E or Towne at a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). Similarly, the viral genome was also effectively replicated, with UL44--a viral DNA polymerase processivity factor--foci observed in the nuclei of HCECs. HCECs produced a substantial number of infectious virions after infection with TB40/E at both a high and low MOI. CONCLUSIONS: Primary cultured HCECs could efficiently support HCMV replication after infection at both a high and low MOI.
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Citomegalovirus/fisiología , Endotelio Corneal/virología , Replicación Viral/fisiología , Antígenos Virales/genética , Células Cultivadas , ADN Viral/genética , Endotelio Corneal/ultraestructura , Fibroblastos/virología , Prepucio/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/virología , Humanos , Proteínas Inmediatas-Precoces/genética , Immunoblotting , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Viral/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Translationally silenced mRNAs are recruited to two major classes of RNA granules in the cytoplasm, processing bodies (PBs) and stress granules (SGs). We show that PBs accumulated after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. PB assembly after HCMV infection was also detected in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, but required active RNA synthesis. UV-inactivated HCMV virions were sufficient to induce PB accumulation in HFF cells treated with cycloheximide. Viral IE1 RNA did not colocalize with PBs, and we could not detect an effect of PB accumulation on viral growth. These results may indicate that HCMV inhibits the colocalization of IE1 mRNA with PBs, preventing IE1 mRNA decay and translational inhibition.
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Citomegalovirus/fisiología , Fibroblastos/virología , Replicación Viral/fisiología , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Células Cultivadas , ADN Viral/fisiología , HumanosRESUMEN
The synthesis and subsequent genomic integration of DNA that is complementary to the genomes of non-retroviral RNA viruses are rarely observed. However, upon infection of various human cell lines and primary fibroblasts with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we detected DNA complementary to the VSV RNA. The VSV DNA was detected in the cytoplasm as single-stranded DNA fully complementary to the viral mRNA from the poly(A) region to the 7-methyl guanosine cap. The formation of this DNA was cell-dependent. Experimentally, we found that the transduction of cells that do not produce VSV DNA with the long interspersed nuclear element 1 and their infection with VSV could lead to the formation of VSV DNA. Viral DNA complementary to other RNA viruses was also detected in the respective infected human cells. Thus, the genetic information of the non-retroviral RNA virus genome can flow into the DNA of mammalian cells expressing LINE-1-like elements.
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ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Fibroblastos/virología , Estomatitis Vesicular/genética , Integración Viral/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Células Cultivadas , Citoplasma , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Retroviridae/genéticaAsunto(s)
Condiloma Acuminado/virología , Papillomavirus Humano 6/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Anciano , Secuencia de Bases , Condiloma Acuminado/diagnóstico , Condiloma Acuminado/patología , Papillomavirus Humano 6/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Previously we showed reduced protein and mRNA expression of the SHP1 gene in lymphoma/leukemia cell lines and patient specimens by Northern blot, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. In this study, aberrant methylation in the SHP1 gene promoter was detected in many B-cell leukemia/lymphoma cell lines as well as in patient specimens, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (methylation frequency 93%), MALT lymphoma (82%), mantle cell lymphoma (75%), plasmacytoma (100%) and follicular lymphoma (96%) by methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and restriction enzyme-mediated PCR analyses. The methylation frequency was significantly higher in high-grade MALT lymphoma cases (100%) than in low-grade MALT lymphoma cases (70%), which correlated well with the frequency of no expression of SHP1 protein in high-grade (80%) and low-grade MALT lymphoma (54%). It suggests that the SHP1 gene silencing with aberrant CpG methylation relates to the lymphoma progression. SHP1 protein expression was recovered in B-cell lines after the treatment of the demethylating reagent: 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Transfection of the intact SHP1 gene to the hematopoietic cultured cells, which show no expression of the SHP1 gene, induced growth inhibition, indicating that gene silencing of the SHP1 gene by aberrant methylation plays an important role to get the growth advantage of the malignant lymphoma/leukemia cells. The extraordinarily high frequency (75 to 100%) of CpG methylation of the SHP1 gene in B-cell lymphoma/leukemia patient specimens indicates that the SHP1 gene silencing is one of the critical events to the onset of malignant lymphomas/leukemias as well as important implications for the diagnostic or prognostic markers and the target of gene therapy. These data support the possibility that the SHP1 gene is one of the tumor suppressor genes.
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Islas de CpG/genética , Metilación de ADN , Silenciador del Gen , Leucemia de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Southern Blotting , Western Blotting , División Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Leucemia de Células B/enzimología , Linfoma de Células B/enzimología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 6 , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Neoplásico/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
High-frequent silencing of hematopoietic cell-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 gene by promoter methylation was detected in various kinds of leukemias and lymphomas, as well as in many hematopoietic cell lines, which is supported by our previous observation of strong decrease of SHP1 mRNA and protein. The promoter methylation of the SHP1 gene was clearly correlated with the clinical stage. Loss of heterozygosity with microsatellite markers near the SHP1 gene was shown in 79% of informative acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases. These results suggest that functional loss of SHP1 is associated with the pathogenesis of leukemias/lymphomas.
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Metilación de ADN , Silenciador del Gen , Leucemia/genética , Linfoma de Células T/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas/genética , Enfermedad Aguda , Secuencia de Bases , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Leucemia/enzimología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/enzimología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mieloide/enzimología , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad , Linfoma de Células T/enzimología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/enzimología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 6 , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
A complexing reagent composed of two bipyridine moieties enabled the efficient separation of lithium chloride through liquid membrane from seawater, in which 0.005% lithium chloride is contained (more than 99% metal chlorides are NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2). That is, two separations by our liquid membrane changed the molar ratio of LiCl from 0.005% to 80%. The striking characteristic of this compound is that the lithium ion is separated efficiently from alkali and alkaline earth metal ions without the lipophilic anion. Thus this new membrane system contructed by us offers a low-energy, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method to enable the routine use of lithium chloride separation from seawater.