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Inhibitory effects of detergents Triton X-100 and Chaps on 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activity were examined in the recombinant microsomes containing both rat CYP1A1 and yeast NADPH-P450 reductase (the mixed system) and their fused enzyme (the fused system). Triton X-100 showed competitive inhibition in both mixed and fused systems with K(i) values of 24.6 and 21.5 microM, respectively. These results strongly suggest that Triton X-100 binds to the substrate-binding pocket of CYP1A1. These K(i) values are far below the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100 (240 microM). Western blot analysis revealed no disruption of the microsomal membrane by Triton X-100 in the presence of 0-77 microM Triton X-100. On the other hand, Chaps gave distinct inhibitory effects to the mixed and fused systems. In the fused system, a mixed-type inhibition was observed with K(i) and K(i)' values of 1.2 and 5.4 mM of Chaps, respectively. However, in the mixed system, multiple inhibition modes by Chaps were observed. Western blot analysis revealed that the solubilized fused enzyme by Chaps preserved the activity whereas the solubilized CYP1A1 and NADPH-P450 reductase reductase showed no activity in the mixed system. Thus, the comparison of the mixed and fused systems appears quite useful to elucidate inhibition mechanism of detergents.

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A 45-year-old female with oophoritis (pelvic inflammatory disease) caused by Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) is reported. She was admitted to the hospital because of high fever and an acute abdomen. On admission, severe inflammation was observed by the laboratory findings, and abdominal X-ray and CT scan revealed ileus with marked swelling of the right ovary. Laparotomy was performed with adonexooophrectomy due to the tubo-ovarian abscesses. C. fetus was isolated from the right ovary, salpinx and ascites. Erythromycin was administered after a sensitive test of C. fetus as the bacteria was isolated at operation. She was discharged on the 17th day after her admission. Indirect immunofluorescent test with hyperimmune rabbit sera to isolated C. fetus revealed a fine to coarse granular immunoreaction in the cytoplasm of the macrophages infiltrated in the tissue. This result was interpreted as the existence and growth of bacteria in the right ovarian tissue. Oophoritis due to C. fetus subspecies fetus is very rare. To our knowledge, this case is the second case reported in Japan.

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To investigate sensitivity to rubella virus (RV) in healthy individuals, we examined levels of antibodies to RV in sera by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and compared levels of antibodies by IFA with those by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Of 114 healthy individuals, we detected antibodies to RV in serum specimens from 103 (90.3%) by IFA and in those from 109 (95.6%) by HI assay. The peak value of levels of antibodies by HI assay was 4 fold higher than that by IFA. When levels of antibodies by IFA were less than 32, levels of antibodies by HI assay ranged from < 8 to 1024. We did not detect anti-rubella antibodies of IgM class in all serum specimens and detected anti-rubella antibodies of IgA class in serum from only 1 individual by IFA. We detected antibodies to rubella in sera from 51 (94.4%) by IFA and in sera from 52 (96.3%) by HI assay of 54 individuals who reported having had rubella, and in sera from 23 (88.5%), by IFA and in sera from 26 (100%) by HI assay of 26 individuals reported having been vaccinated. Also, we detected anti-rubella antibodies in sera from 13 (76.5%) by IFA and in sera from 15 (88.2%) by HI of 17 individuals who reported having had neither rubella nor vaccination. In serum from 1 individual who reported having had rubella, we detected antibodies to rubella by IFA but not by HI assay. In serum specimens from 2 individuals who reported having had rubella vaccination, from 3 having had vaccination, from 2 having had neither rubella nor vaccination, we detected anti-rubella antibodies by HI assay but not by IFA. On the other hand, by both assays, we detected antibodies to RV in all sera of individuals who reported having had rubella and been vaccinated. The serodiagnosis, at least, by two methods is necessary to prevent individuals from rubella virus infection, because of following results: 1) influence of an inhibitor in serum specimens was thought to be variable. 2) The results measured by IFA were differed from those by HI assay in some individuals. 3) It is difficult in diagnosis of rubella from clinical symptoms alone. Also, it might be required to use vaccine to the individual who lacks detectable antibodies to rubella in serum by any method to prevent rubella infection.

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1. In response to health care reform, psychiatric nursing has identified an expanded role that includes providing care to patients with complex health problems. 2. Conceptual changes of role responsibilities and time commitments to individual and milieu care are vital in supporting a change in the traditional psychiatric milieu. 3. Acknowledging and helping staff accept the unpredictability of certain medical conditions is key to success in providing quality integrated care to the medically compromised psychiatric patient.

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Local irritation effect of miporamicin (MPM), a new macrolide antibiotics for animal use, on skin and ocular tissues was determined in rabbits by the primary skin irritation test and ocular irritation test, respectively. In the former test, P.I.I. and inflammatory findings increased with increasing exposure time to MPM. A short-time contact with MPM caused relatively little effect on ocular tissues. Contrarily, a long-time contact with MPM caused medium or high degree of inflammatory reactions on cornea, iris and conjunctiva tissues. The increased inflammation was naturally accompanied with increases of the DRAIZE score. All these results suggest that MPM per se has local irritation effect on both skin and ocular tissues.

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Plasma concentrations after a single or multiple intramuscular administrations of isepamicin sulfate (HAPA-B) at dose levels of 6.25, 25 and 100 mg/kg to male and female dogs were measured by microbiological assay, and were also compared with those of amikacin at dose levels of 25 and 100 mg/kg. Shapes of plasma concentration curves after multiple administrations of HAPA-B were very similar to those after single administrations at all dosage levels tested. On the other hand, the shape of plasma concentration curve after multiple administration of amikacin at 100 mg/kg was markedly different from that after a single administration.

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The subacute toxicity in the dog of isepamicin (HAPA-B), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in comparison with amikacin (AMK). HAPA-B at dose levels of 6.25, 25 and 100 mg/kg/day and AMK at dose levels of 25 and 100 mg/kg/day were given intramuscularly for 30 days. Only one female dog in the AMK 100 mg/kg dose group died on day 29. The activities of urinary NAG and gamma-GTP increased dose-relatedly in dogs in the 25 and 100 mg/kg dose groups of either drug. Discoloration and/or enlargement of the kidneys were observed in dogs at 100 mg/kg of either drug. Hemorrhage and/or edema at the injection sites were observed in dogs in the 25 and 100 mg/kg dose groups of either drug. Increases of absolute and relative kidney weights were observed in the AMK 100 mg/kg group. An increase of relative kidney weights was also observed in the HAPA-B 100 mg/kg group. In microscopic observations, various histopathological changes of renal tubules and tubular epithelium were observed dose-relatedly in the 25 and 100 mg/kg groups of both drugs. At a dose of 25 mg/kg, there was no significant difference of the incidence and severity of these renal changes between HAPA-B and AMK groups. Desquamation and necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium were observed only in the AMK 100 mg/kg group. The necrosis in these changes was considered to be one of the severest possible changes in renal tubules, hence the renal toxicity of HAPA-B was judged to be milder than that of AMK at the dose level of 100 mg/kg. The non-toxic dose of HAPA-B in this study was estimated to be 6.25 mg/kg.

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