RESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study is to clinically isolate and detect three anaerobic bacteria associated with endodontic-periodontal lesions in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients presenting endodontic-periodontal lesions were divided into two groups. Thirty patients with type-2 diabetics (Group 1) and 30 nondiabetic patients (Group 2) were evaluated for the presence of three anaerobic bacteria. Clinical examinations, periapical radiographs, and microbiological sampling from the canal system and periodontal pockets were performed. Qualitative evaluation of bacteria was performed using a multiplex PCR for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test. RESULTS: Enterococcus faecalis (73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolated from the root canal in type 2 diabetic patients, followed by P. gingivalis (70%) and P. intermedia (36%) compared to 53.3%, 43.3%, and 23.3%, respectively, among nondiabetic patients. P. gingivalis (73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolated from periodontal pockets in type II diabetic patients followed by P. intermedia 50% and E. faecalis 30% compared to 36.6%, 33.3%, and 30%, respectively, among nondiabetics. P. gingivalis was detected in the root canal and periodontal pocket in almost similar numbers (70% and 73%), respectively, among type-2 diabetics. CONCLUSION: Detection of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and E. faecalis in both root canal and periodontal pocket samples confirm a viable pathway for the spread of infection through dual sites. Since in the present study, P. gingivalis was found to be present in similar numbers in dual sites among type 2 diabetic patients, importance should be given in treating such anaerobic bacteria in immune-compromised patients.
RESUMEN
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two bioceramic root canal sealers: EndoSequence BC and iRoot SP with zinc oxide eugenol sealers on fibroblast cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sealers tested were zinc oxide eugenol, EndoSequence BC, and iRoot SP. Each material was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and mounted into sterile polyethylene color-coded rings, for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation. After 48 hours, the set materials were transferred to previously marked wells and cytotoxicity evaluation to L929 murine fibroblast cells was done by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentages of viable cells were then calculated and values were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The evaluation of genotoxicity of the materials to L929 murine fibroblast cells was carried out by Comet assay. To quantify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, the following comet parameters were evaluated in the assay using Comet scoring software: tail length, tail moment, and Olive moment. The values were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance value set to p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation by MTT assay and Comet assay can be done on L929 murine fibroblast cell line. Among the three tested materials, zinc oxide eugenol showed maximum cytotoxicity to the cells (30.64% viable cells), followed by EndoSequence BC (71.33% viable cells) and iRoot SP (75.11% viable cells). The evaluation of DNA damage by genotoxicity assessment showed iRoot SP to be least genotoxic followed closely by EndoSequence BC. Zinc oxide eugenol was genotoxic and induced more DNA damage on the fibroblast cell line studied. The statistical analyses for both the assays were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: All the three tested sealers showed varying degrees of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity while using fibro-blast cell line. Zinc oxide eugenol was most toxic in both the assays and iRoot SP showed least toxicity, followed closely by EndoSequence BC.