RESUMEN
A new nematode species, Philometroides acanthopagri sp. nov. (Philometridae), is described from gravid and subgravid specimens found in the musculature near pectoral fins and in nasal cavity of the yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn) (Sparidae, Perciformes) from marine waters off the coast of southern Iraq. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, the new species differs from its congeners in a combination of morphological and biometrical features. It is the first species of Philometroides reported from a sparid fish and the first representative of this genus recorded from fishes in the Arabian Gulf. A key to Philometroides species parasitizing marine and brackish-water fishes is provided.
Asunto(s)
Dracunculoidea/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Músculos/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Perciformes/parasitología , Aletas de Animales/parasitología , Animales , Biometría , Dracunculoidea/anatomía & histología , Irak , Microscopía , Cavidad Nasal/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Agua de MarRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical and laboratory features of patients with Influenza A H1N1 virus infection hospitalized during 2009/2010 pandemic. METHODS: Prospective observational study comparing clinical and laboratory characteristics of Influenza A H1N1 positive and negative patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). RESULTS: From October 21, 2009 to February 14, 2010 196 ILI patients were admitted, of which 66 tested positive for Influenza A H1N1. The patients with H1N1 infection were younger (43 years vs. 65 years; P < 0.01), more patients were pregnant (P < 0.01), had allergies (P < 0.05) or, asthma (P < 0.01). H1N1 positive patients were more often febrile (91% vs. 72.9%; P < 0.01) and had a higher prevalence of headache (31.8% vs. 18.5%; P < 0.05). Lower values of C-reactive protein (88 pg/dl vs. 126 pg/dl; P < 0.01), procalcitonine (0.42 µg/l vs. 3.98 µg/l; P < 0.05), leukocyte count (7.4*10(9)/l vs. 11.7*10(9)/l; P < 0.01) and higher values of troponin (0.162 µ/l vs. 0.146 µg/l; P < 0.01) were found in H1N1 positive patients. More bacterial infections were found in H1N1 negative group (68.8% vs. 89.2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study patients infected with Influenza A H1N1 differed from H1N1 negative ILI patients in several clinical and laboratory characteristics. The same was observed also by other investigators. The results of the study suggest some other specific features, such as a higher incidence of headache and higher values of troponin in Influenza A H1N1 infected patients.
Asunto(s)
Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/diagnóstico , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Habitaciones de Pacientes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Gripe Humana/microbiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Eslovenia/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The roles of integrins in pathologies have been studied intensively and only partially explained. This has resulted in the development of several nanomolar antagonists to certain integrins. In most cases, the aim was to produce compounds which are highly selective towards specific integrins. This paradigm has recently shifted a little. Targeting two or more integrins with one compound has become a very attractive concept, especially since it has become clear that several severe disorders, such as pathological angiogenesis, cannot be treated just with highly specific integrin antagonists. This review is aimed to elucidate some aspects regarding the design of drugs with dual activity towards integrins. Integrin structure and tissue distribution will first be described, in order to provide the basis for their functions in various pathologies which will follow. Inhibitors of several pairs of integrins will be described.