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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the major pathogen involved in caries development during the first few years of life. Prebiotics represent a breakthrough approach to maintaining oral health by utilizing naturally beneficial bacteria against harmful bacteria. Aim: To assess the effects of prebiotics supplements on salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity in children with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods: This study was performed on 23 samples, aged 3-6 years who received prebiotics supplements for 14 days, followed up to 3 and 6 months. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected to assess salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity using salivary check buffer kit. Statistical analysis used: The data showed normal distribution; hence, parametric tests were applied. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were applied to compare the mean at the three different time intervals, followed by paired t-test for pairwise comparison. Results: There was a highly significant difference on comparing the different parameters. Salivary pH was lowest at baseline with a mean value of 6.65 which increased at the 3-6-month follow-up to 7.00 and 7.33. Similarly, salivary buffer capacity which was 4.73 at baseline, increased at 3 months to 8.17, and at 6 months to 10.34. Conclusion: It can be suggested that prebiotics supplements can be adopted as a novel approach in children with ECC as a form of preventive measure to facilitate a better lifestyle. Clinical significance: These prebiotics when taken for a period of 2 weeks increased the salivary pH as well as salivary buffer capacity when the data was compared at different time intervals emphasizing its importance, especially in children with ECC. How to cite this article: Fernandes VA, Mata DB, Nadig B, et al. Effect of Prebiotics Supplements on Salivary pH and Salivary Buffer Capacity in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):54-58.

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Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rate of blood clot and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) as a scaffold system in regenerative endodontic procedure in immature traumatized necrotic teeth.. Materials and methods: This retrospective study examined the records of 28 subjects with necrotic immature open apex due to trauma treated with blood clot or PRF as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedure. The disinfection was carried out with calcium hydroxide as an intra-canal medicament. The clinical outcome was recorded using a binary variable of presence or absence of pain and intra-oral swelling. The radiographic outcome was recorded for periapical healing using Ørstavik's Periapical Index and apical response using Chen and Chen index. Comparison of frequencies of categories of variables with groups was done using the chi-square test. The pairwise comparison of time intervals was done using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Intra-group comparison of pain and intra-oral swelling had highly significant (p = 0.000) results for both groups over a period of 12 months. Inter-group comparison for clinical outcomes was insignificant. For the radiographic outcome, there was a statistically non-significant difference for periapical healing and apical response for both intra-group and inter-group comparisons. Conclusion: Both PRF and blood clot have a favourable outcome for a regenerative endodontic procedure with a disinfectant protocol using calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament. Considering the cumbersome procedure involved in procuring PRF scaffold, especially in children, inducing bleeding can be considered a recommended method for a regenerative endodontic procedure.

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BACKGROUND: Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a presurgical orthopedic procedure, mainly focusing upon the aesthetic outcome of the treatment goal by reducing the number of reconstructive surgeries performed later for the purpose of esthetics. It was reported a very small proportion of pediatric dentists are providing presurgical intervention and the practice of NAM still side stepping among various dental practitioners. OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude among various dental specialties regarding NAM procedure in cleft patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 180 dental professionals (pedodontists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, oral surgeons). A total of 180 questionnaires were prepared, out of which 98 were filled through direct personal interview and 82 were circulated via Google forms. Results were analyzed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in the cumulative knowledge scores between specialty with P < .001; 99% of the participants think one should opt for NAM before cleft lip and palate surgery and 39% participants prefer pedodontists to carry out NAM procedure. CONCLUSION: Dental specialists in India have a positive attitude toward presurgical orthopedics. Majority of them agreed that there is great improvement in the aesthetic outcomes of surgeries after NAM intervention.

Asunto(s)

Labio Leporino , Fisura del Paladar , Niño , Labio Leporino/cirugía , Fisura del Paladar/cirugía , Estudios Transversales , Odontólogos , Estética Dental , Humanos , Lactante , Modelado Nasoalveolar , Nariz/cirugía , Rol Profesional

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INTRODUCTION: The presence of bacteria in root canals has been considered to be responsible for endodontic treatment failure, even in case of primary teeth. The use of lasers can be a valuable addition in removing bacterial load in areas where traditional methods may fail to succeed. Methods like direct laser irradiation of canals, Laser Activated Irrigation (LAI) with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) seem to be a promising alternative for disinfection. AIM: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of latest advancements in disinfection techniques using diode laser namely direct laser irradiation, photodynamic therapy and laser activated irrigation using sodium hypochlorite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty freshly extracted primary teeth either single or multi-rooted teeth with two third of their root length intact were collected. Instrumentation was completed to size 30 H-file. Teeth were randomly divided into Group 1- Direct Laser- irradiation, Group 2 - Photodynamic therapy; Group 3- Laser activated irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. The tooth specimens were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The bacterial colonies were counted preoperatively. Laser irradiation was performed for all groups in accordance to the groups each tooth belonged to. Postoperatively the bacterial colonies were counted. One-way Analysis was applied to compare bacterial count at baseline and post-test between three groups. Tukey's post-hoc test was applied for pairwise comparison between groups. Paired t-test was applied to compare the mean baseline bacterial count with post-test mean bacterial count. RESULTS: The results obtained with all the three groups postoperatively were highly significant (p-value<0.001). Statistically significant difference between results of Group 1 and Group 2 and also between Group 1 and Group 3 was found (p-value≤ 0.001). However, no statistical difference between Group 2 and Group 3 was found (p-value- 0.96). CONCLUSION: Disinfection strategies using diode laser by techniques gives promising results. Techniques like laser activated irrigation and photoactivated disinfection are better than direct laser irradiation in eliminating Enterococcus feacalis.

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BACKGROUND: Over a period of the past few years' episodes of dental trauma more commonly coronal fractures of anterior teeth are being increasingly reported in children. Fragment reattachment can be considered as a valid treatment option in such situations. However, ideal medium for storage of fragments before reattachment needs to be explored. AIM: To compare the fracture resistance of incisor tooth fragments stored in four storage media: Dry air, milk, coconut water, or egg white before reattaching them with G-aenial Universal Flo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight freshly extracted maxillary incisors were divided into four groups. Teeth were then sectioned, and fragments were stored in dry air (Group I), milk (Group II), coconut water (Group III), and egg white (Group IV). The fragments were reattached using simple reattachment technique and tested on the Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in fracture resistance values between the groups. The highest fracture resistance value was demonstrated by Group II, whereas least fracture resistance values were observed in Group IV. CONCLUSION: Along with milk, coconut water being tested for the first time can be considered a viable alternative.

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Whenever nature diverts from the "normal or usual" it gives rise to something called "abnormal or unusual," which we call "a Disorder". Fusion of two teeth is a common developmental disorder that is seen by a clinician. However, bilateral fusion along with Talon's cusp is very rarely seen and reported in literature. This article describes a rare case of the bilateral fusion of permanent mandibular central and lateral incisors, along with presence of Talon's cusp on the left fused teeth.