RESUMEN
Five new brassinosteroid analogues were synthetized from 3ß-acetoxy-23,24-dinorchol-4-en-22-oic acid. All the obtained compound showed significant activity in the Rice Lamina Inclination Test. Interestingly the effects of the methyl ester of 3ß-hydroxy-6-oxo-23,24-dinorcholan-22-oic acid (14) at concentrations of 1â¯×â¯10-7 and 1â¯×â¯10-6 M proved to be higher than those produced by brassinolide. In silico Molecular Docking and Induced fit docking (IFD) simulations for the compounds with the highest biological activity data were carried out to investigate the binding mode interactions into the brassinolide-binding groove which revealed that the compound 14 had high binding energy values and a good affinity.
Asunto(s)
Brasinoesteroides , Ésteres , Brasinoesteroides/farmacología , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Factores de Crecimiento NerviosoRESUMEN
JUSTIFICATION: In Mexico, the number of unidentified bodies has been steadily rising for years. By now, more than 50,000 bodies are considered unidentified. Forensic laboratories that could perform comparative molecular genetic investigation are often overburdened and examinations can take months. Therefore, pragmatic approaches that can help to identify more unknown bodies must be sought. The increased use of distinctive physical features might be one, and the high rate of tattooed people in Mexico points towards a great potential of tattoos as a tool for identification. The prerequisite for a comparison of antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) data is an objective description of the particularities, e.g., of the tattoos. The aim of this study was to establish an objective classification for tattoo motives, taking into consideration local preferences. METHODS: In the database of the medicolegal services of the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses (IJCF) in Guadalajara, postmortem data of 1000 tattooed bodies from 2019 were evaluated. According to sex and age, the tattooed body localization and the tattoo motives were categorized. RESULTS: The 1000 tattooed deceased showed tattoos on 2342 body localizations. The motives were grouped and linked to the following 11 keywords (with decreasing frequency): letters/numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, fantasy/demon/comic, tribal/ornament/geometry, other, unrecognizable. CONCLUSION: Using the proposed classification, tattoo motives can be described objectively and classified in a practical way. If used for antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) documentation, motives can be searched and compared efficiently-helping to identify unknown bodies.
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Tatuaje , Autopsia , Medicina Legal , Humanos , México , MotivaciónRESUMEN
Evaluar los efectos de la terapia hormonal (TH) con Drospírenona (DRSP)/17 ß -estradiol (E2), sobre los parámetros del Síndrome Metabólico (SM) en pacientes postmenopáusicas. Métodos: Investigación comparativa y aplicada, con diseño cuasi experimental, de casos y controles a simple ciego, prospectivo y de campo; realizada en la Consulta de Ginecología. Hospital "Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo". San Francisco, Estado Zulia. Venezuela. Participaron 120 mujeres separadas al azar para recibir la combinación DRSP/E2 (Grupo A) o un placebo (Grupo B). Se evaluaron los componentes del SM antes y posterior a 6 meses de haber recibido la TH. Resultados: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de SM en ambos grupos antes de recibir el tratamiento (53,3% y 48%; grupo A y B respectivamente). Posterior al tratamiento, DRSP/E2 al compararse con un placebo, redujo significativamente tanto la prevalencia del SM como el riesgo de padecerlo (21,7% versus 48,3%, OR [IC95%]= 0,29 [0,13-0,65]; p < 0.001), con reducción significativa (p< 0.001) de la hipertensión arterial, glicemia basal alterada, hipertrigliceridemia y obesidad central; además de una reducción significativa de los síntomas vasomotores, síntomas psicológicos e incontinencia urinaria (p< 0.001). En el grupo B la prevalencia del SM se mantuvo sin cambios, salvo para la glicemia basal alterada y los síntomas vasomotores y psicológicos que mostraron una reducción significativa (p< 0.001). Conclusión: DRSP/E2 (2mg/1 mg) demostró ser eficaz luego de 6 meses de tratamiento tanto para el control de los parámetros que definen al SM; con pocos y leves efectos indeseados(AU)
To assess the effects of hormone therapy (HT) with drospirenone (DRSP)/17 ß -estradiol (E2) on the parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal patients. Methods: We performed a comparative and applied research, with quasiexperimental, case-control, single-blind, prospective and field design. The study was realized in the Gynecology consultation. Hospital "Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo". San Francisco, Estado Zulia. Venezuela. 120 women were included, they were separated to receive either the combination DRSP/E2 (Group A) or placebo (Group B). We assess MS components before and ather 6 months of receiving HT. Results: We found a high prevalence in both groups before receiving treatment (53.3% and 48%, group A and B respectively). A ther treatment, DRSP/E2 when compared to placebo, significantly reduced both the prevalence of MS as the risk of setting it (21.7% versus 48.3%, OR [95%] = 0.29 [0.13-0.65] p <0.001), with a significant reduction (p <0.001) of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, central obesity; and a significant reduction in vasomotor symptoms, psychological symptoms and urinary incontinence (p <0.001). In group B the prevalence of MS was unchanged, except for impaired fasting glycemia and vasomotor and psychological symptoms showed a significant reduction (p <0.001). Conclusion: DRSP/E2 (2mg /1mg), proved to be effective a ther 6 months of treatment both for the control of the parameters that define the SM, with few and mild side effects(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Progestinas/uso terapéutico , Terapia de Reemplazo de Hormonas , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Estradiol/uso terapéutico , Posmenopausia , Endocrinología , GinecologíaRESUMEN
Pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans or domestic animals requires a series of conditions to align with space and time. Comparing these conditions between times and locations where spillover does and does not occur presents opportunities to understand the factors that shape spillover risk. Bovine rabies transmitted by vampire bats was first confirmed in 1911 and has since been detected across the distribution of vampire bats. However, Uruguay is an exception. Uruguay was free of bovine rabies until 2007, despite high-cattle densities, the presence of vampire bats and a strong surveillance system. To explore why Uruguay was free of bovine rabies until recently, we review the historic literature and reconstruct the conditions that would allow rabies invasion into Uruguay. We used available historical records on the abundance of livestock and wildlife, the vampire bat distribution and occurrence of rabies outbreaks, as well as environmental modifications, to propose four alternative hypotheses to explain rabies virus emergence and spillover: bat movement, viral invasion, surveillance failure and environmental changes. While future statistical modelling efforts will be required to disentangle these hypotheses, we here show how a detailed historical analysis can be used to generate testable predictions for the conditions leading to pathogen spillover.
Asunto(s)
Migración Animal , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/embriología , Quirópteros , Monitoreo Epidemiológico/veterinaria , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Rabia/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Vigilancia de la Población , Rabia/epidemiología , UruguayRESUMEN
En esta investigación se realizó un análisis de la producción y comprensión del discurso en preescolares de la comuna de Talca, Séptima región de Chile. El objetivo fue comparar el desempeño en la producción y comprensión del discurso narrativo de pre escolares con Trastorno Específico de Lenguaje con el desempeño de preescolares que presentan desarrollo típico. Para ello, se evaluó a niñas y niños que se encontraban cursando primer nivel de transición en una escuela de lenguaje y párvulos de la comuna de Talca. Este estudio presenta un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo - explicativo. La muestra contó con 40 estudiantes, 20 con Trastorno específico del lenguaje y 20 con desarrollo típico. Al comparar ambos grupos, los resultados indican que no se apreciandiferencias significativas en la producción narrativa entre ambos grupos de niños, sin embargo, sí se presentan diferencias significativas en la comprensión del discurso, a favor de los niños con desarrollo típico de lenguaje
This study considered the analysis of the production and comprehension of narrative discourse by a group of preschool children in Talca, Chile. The main objective was to compare the production and comprehension of narrative discourse by preschool children with SLI and typically developing children. All children were assessed on both skills. The study adopted a descriptive-comparative design. The sample comprised 40 children: 20 children with SLI and 20 with TLD. After comparing both groups, results showed no significant differences on narrative discourse production. However, significant differences were found in narrative comprehension: children with TLD performed higher than children with SLI
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Narración , Comprensión/fisiología , Trastornos del Lenguaje/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Riedel´s thyroiditis is a thyroid inflammation with invasive fibrosis. CASE REPORT: Female 84 years old, studied by dysphagia to liquids and dysphonia, with cervical mass poorly demarcated and immobile. Computed Tomography (CT) (CT) showed tumor that diverted the trachea and esophagus compressed. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) obtained cells with atypia. Thyroidectomy was performed, appreciating a stony tumor which included the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Given the high suspicion of thyroid malignancy tracheostomy it was performed. The pathology report as fibrosing Riedel thyroiditis. DISCUSSION: This is the less common type of chronic thyroiditis. Etiology is unknown. The normal thyroid parenchyma is replaced by fibrous connective tissue. Clinically usually a hard mass, fast growing, why is confused with thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It´ss more common in women and is usually bilateral. The CT or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) help assess the extent. Puncturing the mass could give us the diagnosis but is often difficult. Treatment to relieve symptoms or rule out malignancy is surgery. The prognosis is usually good. CONCLUSIONS: Riedel´s thyroiditis is an entity with histopathologic diagnosis essential
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Tiroiditis/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides/diagnóstico , Tiroidectomía , Tiroiditis/cirugía , Tiroiditis/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
Los imaginarios de la educación en salud pública de enfermería se construyen desde una visión histórica del currículo, los fundamentos normativos en educación y salud, las vivencias de los docentes, estudiantes y egresados; lo cual conlleva a la apropiación conceptual y metodológica de estrategias para fortalecer la calidad de la formación de enfermeras en el siglo XXI. OBJETIVO: develar imaginarios de educación en salud pública en el programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Surcolombiana desde 1993 hasta 2013. METODOLOGIA: estudio cualitativo, de análisis de contenido. Muestreo deliberado de profesores del área de salud pública y estudiantes de Enfermería de último año. Información recolectada mediante entrevista de grupo focal y procesado con el software Atlas Ti. RESULTADOS: en relación con el tema de estudio emergen categorías principales: concepción de la salud pública, comprensión de la salud pública, formación profesional del maestro, la salud pública en el plan de estudios, educación en salud pública en enfermería y lo "no visto, no sentido, no escuchado". CONCLUSIONES: los imaginarios de educación en salud pública de Enfermería en la Universidad Surcolombiana se caracterizan por una crisis epistemológica entre teorías y prácticas disciplinares; las políticas propuestas por la oms/ops y las leyes de la profesión indican la necesidad de robustecer la integración curricular, el desarrollo de competencias específicas y la participación de los estudiantes en la definición de objetivos, métodos y ambientes de aprendizaje desde una visión holística y global pero con perspectiva local.
The imaginaries of Public Health Education in Nursing are built on the basis of a historical view of the curriculum, the normative foundations regarding education and health, and the experiences of teachers, students and alumni. This leads to the conceptual and methodological appropriation of strategies for strengthening the quality of the nurses' training in the XXI century. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the imaginaries of public health education existing within the Nursing program of the Southern Colombia University from 1993 to 2013. METHODOLOGY: a qualitative study with content analysis in which a purposive sampling was carried out with public health professors and senior nursing students. Data was collected via focus groups interviews and processed with the Atlas Ti software. RESULTS: Three main categories emerged in relation to the studied subject: conception of public health, understanding of public health, professor training, public health in the curriculum, public health education in nursing and the "unseen, unfelt, and unheard". CONCLUSIONS: The imaginaries of education in public health of the Nursing training program of the Southern Colombian University are characterized by an epistemological crisis between theories and disciplinary practices in public health. Likewise, the policies proposed by the WHO / PAHO and the laws of the profession point to the need to strengthen curriculum integration, the development of specific skills and student participation in the definition of objectives, methods and learning environments in public health from a holistic and comprehensive viewpoint but with local perspective.
Os imaginários da educação em Saúde Pública de Enfermagem constroem-se desde uma visão histórica do currículo, os fundamentos normativos em educação e saúde, as vivências dos docentes, estudantes e graduados; o que leva à apropriação conceitual e metodológica de estratégias para fortalecer a qualidade da formação de enfermeiras no século XXI. OBJETIVO: Desvelar imaginários de educação em saúde pública no programa de Enfermagem da Universidade Surcolombiana desde 1993 até 2013. METODOLOGIA: estudo qualitativo, de análise de conteúdo.Amostragem deliberada de professores da área de saúde pública e estudantes de Enfermagem de último ano.Informação coletada por meio de entrevista de grupo focal e processado com Atlas Ti. RESULTADOS: Em relação com o tema de estudo emergem categorias principais: concepção da saúde pública, compreensão da saúde pública, formação profissional do professor, a saúde pública no plano curricular, educação em saúde pública em enfermagem e o "não visto, não sentido, não escutado". CONCLUSÕES: Os imaginários de educação em saúde pública de Enfermagem na Universidade Surcolombiana caracterizam-se por uma crise epistemológica entre teorias e práticas disciplinares em saúde pública; as políticas propostas pela OMS/OPS e as leis da profissão indicam a necessidade de fortalecer a integração curricular, o desenvolvimento de competências específicas e a participação dos estudantes na definição de objetivos, métodos e ambientes de aprendizado em saúde pública desde uma visão holística e global mas com perspectiva local.
Asunto(s)
Salud Pública , Enfermería , EducaciónRESUMEN
Antecedentes: El inicio de Ia actividad sexual en adolescentes, está asociada a pobre planificación familiar (PF), mayor tasa de fecundidad y riesgo de adquisición de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS). Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto sobre la fecundidad, planificación familiar y lesiones de cuello uterino en una población de adolescentes y jóvenes, que iniciaron actividad sexual en la adolescencia. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Incluyó 845 adolescentes y jóvenes que iniciaron actividad sexual en la adolescencia y que consultaron a una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud en Tuluá, Colombia. El análisis incluyó estadísticas descriptivas, análisis de riesgo relativo (RR) y atribuible a la exposición (RAexp) expresado en porcentaje, como indicadores de asociación. Resultados: Hubo 203 adolescentes y 642 jóvenes. El promedio de edad de inicio de la actividad sexual fue 16 años (+/-1,6 años). El 49 por ciento no realizaba PF, 34,7 por ciento tenía ≥1 hijo y 6,9 por ciento alguna lesión en cuello uterino. Hubo asociación entre actividad sexual en la adolescencia temprana y tener un hijo, al compararlo con el inicio de la actividad sexual en la adolescencia media (RR: 1,6; IC 95 por ciento: 1,2-2,1. RAexp0/35,7 por ciento; IC 95 por ciento: 13,3-52,4 por ciento) y tardía (RR: 2; IC 95 por ciento: 1,5-2,6. RAexp0/49 por ciento; IC 95 por ciento: 31,7-62 por ciento). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados confirman el inicio precoz de la actividad sexual en adolescentes, el bajo uso de anticonceptivos y el riesgo de lesiones cervicales. Programas educativos conducentes al retraso del inicio de la actividad sexual, el uso de métodos anticonceptivos efectivos y de barrera, permitirán reducir las cifras encontradas en este estudio.
Background: The onset of sexual activity in adolescents is associated with poor family planning, a higher fertility rate and risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: To evaluate the impact on fertility, family planning and cervical lesions in a population who initiated sexual activity in adolescence. Method: A retrospective cohort study. Included 845 adolescents and young people who initiated sexual activity during adolescence and who consulted a Lender Institution Health Services in Tuluá, Colombia. The analysis included descriptive statistics, analysis of relative risk (RR) and attributable to exposure (RAexp) expressed in percentage, as indicators of association. Results: There were 203 adolescents and 642 young people. The average age of onset of sexual activity was 16 (+/- 1.6 years). 49 percent did not perform family planning, 34.7 percent had ≥ 1 child and 6.9 percent cervical lesions. There was an association between sexual activity in early adolescence and have a child, when compared with the onset of sexual activity in middle (RR: 1.6, 95 percent CI 1.2 to 2.1. RAexp percent: 35.7 percent, 95 percent CI: 13.3 to 52.4 percent) and late adolescence (RR: 2, 95 percent CI: 1.5 to 2.6. RAexp percent: 49 percent, 95 percent CI: 31.7-62 percent). Conclusions: Our results confirm the early onset of sexual activity in adolescents, low contraceptive use and risk of cervical lesions. Educational programs leading to delayed onset of sexual activity, the use of effective contraceptive methods and barrier methods will reduce the numbers found in this study.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Conducta del Adolescente , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Anticoncepción , Colombia/epidemiología , Cuello del Útero/lesiones , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Planificación Familiar , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones de bajo y alto grado de cuello uterino en una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud de Tuluá, Colombia, entre los años 2008-2010. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron mujeres entre los 15 y 75 años, residentes en el Municipio de Tuluá. Se evaluó la normalidad de las variables cuantitativas, empleándose la mediana o el promedio con sus varianzas según su distribución, y frecuencias y proporciones para las variables categóricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 3.539 mujeres. La mediana de la edad fue 38 años con rango intercuartil (RI: 29-46 años), la mediana del número de partos 1 (RI: 0-3). En relación a la seguridad social y uso de métodos anticonceptivos, la mayoría eran particulares y no utilizaban ningún método. El 87,5 por ciento de las citologías se reportaron como negativas, 8,2 por ciento lesión de bajo grado (LSIL), 2,6 por ciento células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), 0,9 por ciento lesiones de alto grado (HSIL), 0,4 por ciento células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado de alto grado ASC-H, 0,4 por ciento células glandulares atípicas de significado incierto (ASGUS) y 0,2 por ciento carcinoma invasor. Conclusión: La prevalencia de las anormalidades citológicas fue baja en todos los grupos analizados, sin embargo, existe un mayor número de LSIL hacia la cuarta década de la vida y en aquellas que iniciaron su vida sexual después de los 40 años. De igual manera se encontró una relación inversa entre el número de partos, planificación familiar hormonal y aparición de lesiones pre neoplásicas.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of lesions of low and high grade cervical in a Lender Institution Health Services, Tuluá, Colombia, 2008-2010. Methods: We performed a retrospective study which included women between 15 and 75 years living in Tuluá. We evaluated the normality of quantitative variables, using the median or average with their variances for quantitative variables according to their distribution and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. Results: 3539 women were included. The median age was 38 years with interquartile range (IR: 29-46 years) and the median parity was 1 (IR: 0-3). In relation to social security and family planning birth control, most were private and did not use any method. The 87.5 percent of smears was reported as negative, low-grade squamous intraepitelial lesions (LSIL) 8.2 percent atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) 2.6 percent, high-grade squamous intraepitelial lesions (HSIL) 0.9 percent, atypical squamous cells cannot rule out a high grade lesion (ASC-H) 0.0 percent, atypical squamous glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASGUS) 0.4 percent and invasive carcinoma 0.2 percent. Conclusion: The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was low in all groups studied, however, a greater number of LSIL to the fourth decades of life and those who began their sexual life after 40 years. Similarly, an inverse relationship was found between parity, hormonal family planning and pre-neoplastic lesions.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Técnicas Citológicas , Colombia/epidemiología , Cuello del Útero/citología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Planificación Familiar , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Paridad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
Antecedentes: Existe evidencia que avala la utilidad de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) en el manejo de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA), no obstante, la definición de variables que permitan predecir el éxito o fracaso de este recurso terapéutico es controversial. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio en relación con el éxito o fracaso de la VMNI en pacientes con IRA. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte descriptivo que incluye pacientes consecutivos que cumplieron con criterios de conexión a VMNI e ingresaron a la UPC de Clínica Alemana de Santiago entre marzo de 2005 y julio de 2007. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos, aquellos que fracasan con VMNI y requirieron intubación, grupo fracaso (GF) y los que no la requirieron, grupo éxito (GE). Se registraron variables demográficas, APACHE II, diagnóstico de ingreso. La mecánica respiratoria, gasometría arterial y hemodinámica se obtuvieron en tres momentos de la evolución evolución: previo a la conexión, a las dos horas y al término del uso de VMNI (preintubación y destete de VMNI). Resultados: De los 132 pacientes incluidos se logró evitar la intubación en 99 de ellos (75 por ciento), 33 fueron intubados (25 por ciento), de los cuales 1 falleció. El pH fue menor en el GF (7,42+/-0,06 v/s 7,39+/-0,08; p =0,04). La saturación de oxígeno por pulsioximetría (SpO2) también fue menor en el GF tanto a las dos horas (96+/-2 v/s 95+/-3; p=0,01) como al final del uso de VMNI (96+/-2 v/s 95+/-3; p =0,04). La PaO2/FiO2 fue menor en el mismo grupo, en los tres momentos de medición: previo a la conexión (196+/-66 v/s 144+/-59; p =0,001), a las dos horas (223+/-92 v/s 179+/-88;p =0,022) y al término del uso de VMNI (252+/-78 v/s 208+/-104; p =0,021). Al final del uso de VMNI, tanto la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) (86+/-16 v/s 94+/-20; p =0,03) como el nivel de IPAP (12+/-2 v/s 13+/-3; p =0,02) fueron mayores en el GF. Conclusiones: El GF muestra..
Background: There is evidence supporting the benefits of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF), however, the role of different variables in the evaluation of this techniques success are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the different clinical parameters and relate them with the success and failure of NIV in patients with ARF. Methodology: Prospective study of descriptive cohort that includes consecutive patients who fulfilled criteria of connection to NIV and entered to the ICU (Intensive Care Unit)of Clínica Alemana de Santiago between March of 2005 to July 2007. These patients were divided into two groups, those presenting failure with NIV and required intubation, failure group (GF) and those that did not require it, success sgroup (GE). The demographic registered variables measured were APACHE II, diagnosis of entrance were registered. The respiratory mechanics, arterial gasometry and haemodynamics were obtained at three moments of the evolution: previous to the connection, the two hours and at the end of the use of NIV (pre-intubation and weaning of NIV). Results: From the 132 patients included, intubation was avoided in 99 of them (75 percent) 33 percent were entubated from which only 1 died. The pH was lower in the FG (7.42 +/- 0.06v/s 7.39 +/- 0.08; p = 0.04). The oxygen saturation by pulsometry (SpO2), was also lower in the GF after two hours (96+/-2 v/s 95+/-3; p =0.01) and at the end of NIV use (96+/-2 v/s 95+/-3; p =0.04). The PaO2/FiO2 was lower in the same group, at the three moments of measurement: previous to the connection (196+/-66 v/s 144+/-59; p =0.001), two hours post connection (223+/-92 v/s 179+/-88; p =0.022) and at the end of the NIV use (252+/-78 v/s 208+/-104; p =0.021). At the end of the NIV use both, the cardiac frequency (FC) (86+/-16 v/s94+/-20; p =0.03) and the IPAP level (12+/-2 v/s 13+/-3; p=0.02)...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Enfermedad Aguda , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Oxígeno/análisis , Estudios Prospectivos , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Lactic acid bacteria are the most adequate microorganisms for natural preservation of food. In the present work, the strain of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 was employed in the manufacture of craft dry-fermented sausages and its performance as a biopreservative was analysed. This strain is devoid of the genes for haemolysin and gelatinase and does not produce biogenic amines. It is sensitive to almost all the antibiotics tested and opsonophagocytic assays showed that it is devoid of a capsule. This strain had a high LD50 (10(11)CFU ml(-1)) in mice. No statistical differences were found between control and sausages inoculated with E. faecalis CECT7121 regarding the production of lactic acid, pH variation over time, reaching a minimum pH value of 5.1, and sensory analysis in both series. Sausages inoculated with E. faecalis CECT7121 had lower viable counts of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive cocci at the end of fermentation and 7 days and no viable enterobacteria and S. aureus were recovered at the end of drying. E. faecalis CECT7121 did not affect the growth of Lactobacillus spp. but it displaced the autochthonous populations of enterococci. E. faecalis CECT7121 was recovered in each time point as assessed by its inhibitory activity on Listeria monocytogenes and S. aureus. These results would indicate that the addition of E. faecalis CECT7121 during the manufacture of craft dry-fermented sausages offers an interesting alternative for biopreservation.
Asunto(s)
Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Aditivos Alimentarios , Conservantes de Alimentos , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Bacteriocinas/farmacología , Aminas Biogénicas/análisis , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/aislamiento & purificación , Gelatinasas/genética , Cocos Grampositivos/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Lipasa/metabolismo , Probióticos/farmacología , Control de Calidad , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The goal of the present work is to describe the development and results of the pediatric epidural analgesia program at the ''Hospital Nacional de Pediatria Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan'' in Argentina. METHODS: Patients with thoracotomy, abdominal surgery, osteotomy, amputations or severe trauma were included in the program. The program provided training to the entire staff, control and record of pain treatment and its consequences, 24 h a day availability of anesthesia staff and standard polices and procedures. RESULTS: One hundred fifty children under 16 years of age (median age 11 years, median weight 35 kg) were included in the program during the first 18 months. The median of maximum pain reported during activity was 1 (interquartile range 1 to 4 points) using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or Objective Pain Scale (OPS). Eighty seven children (CI 95% 50% to 67%) presented with postoperative nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, itching, motor blockade or sedation. No patient presented with respiratory depression, hypotension, local anaesthetic toxicity, epidural catheter related infection or death during the program evaluation. The postoperative care program enabled a 98-day reduction in treatment in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: The safe use of pediatric epidural analgesia in general wards may require the careful selection of patients, systematic assessment by trained personnel, training of medical and nursing personnel, clear distribution of responsibilities, use of printed indications, systematic record of pain, sedation and complications, information and education of patients and parents, supply of systems for airway resuscitation and management and continuous quality control and revision of the methods.
Asunto(s)
Analgesia Epidural , Dolor Postoperatorio/terapia , Adolescente , Analgesia Epidural/instrumentación , Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Argentina , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Bupivacaína/uso terapéutico , Cateterismo , Niño , Preescolar , Contraindicaciones , Femenino , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
La consideración de la calidad de vida subjetiva de los pacientes se ha transformado progresivamente en uno de los aspectos críticos en la evaluación de programas de rehabilitación psiquiátrica. Objetivos: Construir un instrumento específico para evaluar calidad de vida en pacientes con esquizofrenia y determinar sus principales características psicométricas. Pacientes y Método: El estudio fue realizado en varias etapas. Primero se construyó un listado con 65 tópicos que emergieron de una revisión de la literatura relevante. Posteriormente, la lista fue modificada de acuerdo con las sugerencias de 15 expertos y de la observación de 10 pacientes, a quienes se les hizo un seguimiento durante un mes. A continuación, se construyó un cuestionario con reactivos tipo diferencial semántico destinados a medir aquellos aspectos que emergieron como los más relevantes en las etapas anteriores. Finalmente, se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra de 200 pacientes atendidos en servicios públicos de salud y se determinaron las principales características psicométricas del instrumento. Resultados: La validación inicial del instrumento se realizó a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio que arrojó los siguientes factores: adaptación al entorno, bienestar general, intercambio afectivo, autoeficacia, atención psiquiátrica, hogar y familia, vida amorosa, situación económica y emancipación del hogar. La confiabilidad del cuestionario, medida con el coeficiente de Crombach, fue de 0,89 para la prueba total y varió entre 0,51 y 0,83 para los factores. Conclusión: El instrumento es apropiado para evaluar calidad de vida subjetiva en pacientes esquizofrénicos. Se entregan normas para su interpretación.
Background: The measurement of subjective quality of life in schizophrenic patients has become increasingly one of the critical tasks when assessing the effectiveness of psychiatric rehabilitation programs. Aims: To develop a specific questionnaire to evaluate subjective quality of life in schizophrenic patients and to asses its main psychometric properties. Patients and Method: The study was conducted in several stages. First, a list of the 65 most relevant quality of life-related topics was extracted from the relevant literature. The list was then modified according to the suggestions of 15 experts and to the results of the observation of 10 patients, who were followed up for a month. Next, a questionnaire was build using semantic differential items for each of the selected topics. Finally, the questionnaire was administered to 200 patients attending to public health services in Chile and its major psychometric properties were assessed. Results: An exploratory factor analysis conducted to evaluate the preliminary validity of the questionnaire revealed a 9 dimensions solution: adaptation to the environment, subjective well being, affective intercourse, self-efficacy, psychiatric attention, home and family, sentimental life, financial situation, and emancipation from home. The reliability, assessed by Cronbach 's alpha, was 0.89 for the entire questionnaire and varied from 0.51 and 0.83 for the factors. Conclusion: The questionnaire is appropriate to assess subjective quality of life schizophrenic patients. Normative scores and interpretation criteria are provided.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Calidad de Vida , Chile , Pesos y Medidas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Trichinella spiralis is the nematode causative agent of trichinellosis, an intestinal and tissular parasitosis. Even though an early diagnosis during the intestinal phase is essential to limit the infection in humans, to date, there are no available tests to achieve this goal. Based on the immune response generated by the host's intestinal mucosa, the aim of this work was to develop ELISAs to assess the presence of coproantigens (CAgs), coproantibodies (CAbs) and faecal immune complexes in stool samples of 18 individuals belonging to different outbreaks that have arisen in Argentina. By the methodologies developed in this work it was found that anti-muscle larva excretory-secretory products (ML-ESP) CAbs were detected in 89% of the samples analysed regardless of the time p.i. Anti-ML-ESP IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM were detected in 56%, 56%, 28% and 22% of the individuals respectively. Those samples negative for anti-ML-ESP total immunoglobulins proved positive for anti-adult worm-ESP CAbs. No CAgs were detected in any of the samples. The results obtained in this work indicate that the intestinal immune response in human trichinellosis is featured by all the isotypes of specific immunoglobulins. Furthermore, the detection of antibodies in stool samples, in either the free or complexed form, could be applied to confirm early human trichinellosis.
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Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/análisis , Heces/química , Triquinelosis/diagnóstico , Triquinelosis/inmunología , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces/parasitología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sexual morbidity after chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for breast cancer can seriously affect patients' quality of life. Bupropion is an antidepressant that has been reported to increase libido. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement of sexual function in female breast cancer patients using bupropion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed an 8-week open trial using bupropion in women diagnosed with breast cancer who had received chemotherapy and were currently receiving adjunctive hormonal therapy. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) was used. The ASEX scale includes five questions that evaluate sexual function in the following areas: libido, excitability and ability to reach orgasm. Women received oral Bupropion 150 mg/daily for 8 weeks and were evaluated prior to the initiation of the study and again during Weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included in the study. At the beginning of the study, the mean ASEX score was 23.45 [21.67-25.24] 95% CI. After 4 weeks of treatment, we observed a reduction in the mean ASEX score that persisted until the end of the study, at eight weeks: 18.45 [16.59-20.31] 95% CI (P = 0.0003) and 18.95 [16.60-21.30] 95% CI (P = 0.0024), respectively. CONCLUSION: In this non-controlled open trial bupropion 150 mg/daily was associated with improved sexual function in women receiving adjuvant systemic treatment for breast cancer.
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Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Bupropión/uso terapéutico , Sexualidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Partially sulfided nanostructures were synthesized by direct sulfurization of alpha-MoO(3) nanorods using a mixture of H(2)S/H(2), 15 vol%, at several temperatures (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 degrees C). These materials were tested as catalysts in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and characterized by specific surface areas using the expression developed by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET equation), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images show a gradual evolution from a smooth surface to a rough material, presenting some type of holes all over the particles, but keeping their rod-like structure throughout sulfidation. The results of evaluating the catalysts in the HDS of DBT showed that the best temperature for sulfidation is 500 degrees C. In all samples, a higher selectivity for hydrogenation over sulfur removal was observed.
RESUMEN
We have previously demonstrated that during pregnancy there exists an increased parasiticide activity against Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (NBL) in infected rats. In this work we analysed the contribution of peritoneal cells from noninfected pregnant rats to the mortality of the NBL in cytotoxicity assays, and evaluated the role of progesterone in this effector mechanism. Our findings suggest that progesterone can induce activation of effector peritoneal cells to destroy the NBL in a rapid and antibody-independent manner. The administration of progesterone to ovariectomized rats also led to a significant decrease in the parasite load of the animals, thus demonstrating that progesterone induces the increase of the parasiticide activity of the leukocytes involved in the mechanisms of NBL death.
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Progesterona/farmacología , Progesterona/fisiología , Trichinella spiralis/efectos de los fármacos , Trichinella spiralis/inmunología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/fisiología , Mifepristona/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/parasitología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/inmunología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triquinelosis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Allele frequencies for 11 STR autosomal loci (F13A01, F13B, FESFPS, LPL, CSF1PO, TH01, TPOX, VWA, D16S539, D7S820 and D13S317) were obtained from a sample of 200 unrelated individuals from Costa Rica, Central America.
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Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem , Costa Rica , Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is one of the major proteins responsible for brain stress regulation. Two well-known receptors have been described: type 1 and type 2alpha, both members of the receptor superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). We investigated receptor regulation when both CRH receptor subtypes are coexpressed in the same mammalian cell line. When both types of receptors are coexpressed, cAMP second messenger production is partially inhibited compared to when receptors are expressed separately. However, neither binding kinetics nor internalization rates are modified by coexpression of these receptors. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of receptor interaction that results in the modification of CRH-mediated signal transduction pathway. Because CRH-R1 and CRH-R2alpha have overlapping mRNA expression patterns in the brain, these receptors may be coexpressed in neurons, suggesting that receptor interaction may play an important role in the effect evoked by CRH, contributing to the complexity of differential coupling of the CRH receptors in different endocrine and stress behavior responses.