RESUMEN
The study investigated explicit and implicit attitudes towards people with mental illness among medical students (non-professionals) with no previous contact with mentally ill patients and psychiatrists and psychotherapists (professionals) who had at least 2 years of professional contact with mentally ill patients. Explicit attitudes where assessed by self-report. Implicit attitudes were measured with the Go/No-Go Association Task, a variant of the Implicit Association Test that does not require the use of a comparison category. Compared to non-professionals, mental health professionals reported significantly higher approach emotions than non-professionals towards people with mental illness, showed a lesser tendency to discriminate against them, and held less restrictive attitudes. Both groups reported negative implicit attitudes towards mentally ill. Results suggest that both non-professionals and professionals display ambivalent attitudes towards people with mental illness and that professional, long-term contact with people with mental illness does not necessarily modify negative implicit attitudes.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Personal de Salud/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Estereotipo , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Adulto , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia , Psiquiatría , Pruebas Psicológicas , Psicoterapia , Facultades de Medicina , Estigma Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Adaptive time-frequency approximations offer description of the local structures of a signal in terms of their time and frequency coordinates, widths and amplitudes. These parameters can then be used to select and study electroencephalogram (EEG) structures like sleep spindles or slow wave activity (SWA) with high resolution. Such a detailed description of relevant structures improves on the sensitivity of the traditionally used spectral power estimates and opens new possibilities of investigation. These advantages are illustrated using a double-blind test of the influence of zolpidem and midazolam on sleep EEG, and the results are compared with the traditional approach. The observed decrease of frequency of the SWA under the influence of sleep-inducing drugs gives an example of an effect elusive to classical methodology.