RESUMEN
The results of virologic testing of clinical materials and epidemiological analysis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases obtained in 2006-2013 during AFP surveillance are presented. Among the 2976 cases of AFP 30 cases were VAPP. 15 cases were observed in OPV recipients, whereas 15 cases were observed in non-vaccinated contacts. The age of the patients varied from 4 months to 5.5 years (13.6 ± 12.4 months old). Children younger than 1 year constituted 63.3% of the group; boys were dominant (73.3%); 53.3% of children were vaccinated with OPV; the time period between receipt of OPV and onset of palsy was from 2 to 32 days (18.7 ± 8.2). Lower paraparesis was documented in 48.3% of patients; lower monoparesis in 37.9%; upper monoparesis, in 6.9%; tetraparesis with bulbar syndrome, in 6%. The majority of the patients (85.7%) had an unfavorable premorbid status. The violations of the humoral immunity were found in 73.9% cases: CVID (52.9%), hypogammaglobulinemia (41.2%); selective lgA deflciency (5.9%). In 70.6% cases damage to humoral immunity was combined with poor premorbid status. The most frequently observed (76%, p < 0.05) represented the single type of poliovirus--type 2 (44%) and type 3 (32%). All strains were of the vaccine origin, the divergence from the homotypic Sabin strains fell within the region of the gene encoding VPI protein, which did not exceed 0.5% of nucleotide substitutions except vaccine derived poliovirus type 2--multiple recombinant (type 2/type 3/ type 2/type 1) with the degree of the divergence of 1.44% isolated from 6-month old unvaccinated child (RUS08063034001). The frequency of the VAPP cases was a total of 1 case per 3.4 million doses of distributed OPV in 2006-2013; 2.2 cases per 1 million of newborns were observed. This frequency decreased after the introduction of the sequential scheme of vaccination (IPV, OPV) in 2008-2013 as compared with the period of exclusive use of OPV in 2006-2007: 1 case per 4.9 million doses, 1.4 cases per million newborns and 1 case per 1.9 million doses, 4.9 cases per 1 million newborns, respectively. The study has been financed from Russian Federation budget within the framework of the Program for eradication of poliomyelitis in the Russian Federation, WHO Polio eradication initiative, WHO's European Regional Bureau, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 15-15-00147).
Asunto(s)
Poliomielitis/inducido químicamente , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Vacuna Antipolio de Virus Inactivados/efectos adversos , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/efectos adversos , Poliovirus/inmunología , Vacunación , Agammaglobulinemia/epidemiología , Agammaglobulinemia/etiología , Agammaglobulinemia/inmunología , Agammaglobulinemia/virología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Deficiencia de IgA/epidemiología , Deficiencia de IgA/etiología , Deficiencia de IgA/inmunología , Deficiencia de IgA/virología , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Poliomielitis/inmunología , Poliomielitis/virología , Poliovirus/clasificación , Poliovirus/efectos de los fármacos , Poliovirus/genética , Vacuna Antipolio de Virus Inactivados/administración & dosificación , Vacuna Antipolio de Virus Inactivados/inmunología , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/administración & dosificación , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/inmunología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We examined genetic diversity in populations of Dictamnus gymnostylis Stev., a rare species growing in the Bashkir Cis-Urals, based on the analysis of 8 gene-enzyme systems and detected a fairly high level of intraspecific genetic diversity and population differentiation. We determined the average number of alleles per locus. (A) as 1.57; the portion of polymorphic loci (P95) as 0.508; the observed heterozygosity (H(o)) as 0.139; and the expected heterozygosity (H(e)) as 0.169. Of the total genetic diversity, 88.3% stems from variability within populations, and 11:7% is due to variation among populations. The average value for the Nei's genetic distance (D) constituted 0.028.
Asunto(s)
Enzimas , Sitios Genéticos , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Polimorfismo Genético , Rutaceae , Baskiria , Rutaceae/enzimología , Rutaceae/genéticaRESUMEN
Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of large outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Europe (Bulgaria, 1975; Hungary, 1978) and South-East Asia (Malaysia, 1977; Taiwan, 1998; Singapore, 2000-2007; People's Republic of China, 2007-2009). HFMD afflicted children less than 10 years of age and resulted in recovery within 3-7 days. In a small percentage of infants (aged 6 months to 3 years), HFMD was accompanied by acute neurological complications, such as serous meningitis, poliomyelitis-like syndrome (extremity pareses and muscle paralyses); brain stem encephalitis (myoclonic jerks, tremor, lethargy, swallowing and speech disorders, cardiopulmonary failure, pulmonary edema, shock, coma, death). X-ray study revealed pulmonary hemorrhages and edema. Mortality rates were as high as 82-94% in severe cases. Incapacitating motor, respiratory, and psychoemotional disorders persisted in some surviving children. Pathomorphologically, patients with central nervous system disease and cardiopulmonary failure were found to have acute inflammation of the grey matter of the brain stem (medulla oblongata, pons) and spinal cord. Inflammatory changes in the lung and myocardial tissues were negligible or absent. Fatal pulmonary edema was neurogenic in origin and resulted from damage to the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the brain stem.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Encefalomielitis , Enterovirus Humano A/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterovirus , Animales , Asia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Encefalomielitis/diagnóstico , Encefalomielitis/epidemiología , Encefalomielitis/patología , Encefalomielitis/terapia , Encefalomielitis/virología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/patología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/terapia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Ability to test sewage water for surveillance on circulation of polioviruses was assessed. Stool samples from children living in orphanage for younger children were collected monthly. Simultaneously, samples of sewage water from orphanage's collector and community collector, in which sewage from neighborhood dwellings is dumped, were collected by snap sample and sorption methods. Rate of isolation of polio--and nonpolioenteroviruses (NPEV) from stool samples for 6 months was 44%; rate of isolation from sewage water for the same period was 79% for sorption method and 50% for snap sample method. Between viruses circulating in orphanage, NPEV of different serotypes predominated (99 isolates out of 170). Domination of polioviruses in isolates from sewage samples obtained by sorption method (23 strains out of 32) can be associated with properties of the sorbent. Number of poliovirus strains and NPEV isolated by snap sample method was equal. Season fluctuations in proportion of stool and sewage samples containing viruses coincided. Comparison of efficacy of the methods during total study period (14 samplings) did not reveal significant difference in rate of virus isolation (in orphanage's collector--72% and 50% for sorption and snap sample collection methods respectively; in community collector--31% for both methods). Detection of type 1 poliovirus with changed antigenic properties in one stool sample and one sewage water sample argue for possibility to detect in sewage minor quantity of virus excreting by one person. Thus testing of sewage water provides information on viruses circulating in the community of children. Study of stool samples revealed high rate of poliovirus isolation (up to 32%) including nonvaccinated children.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Orfanatos , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Aguas del Alcantarillado/virología , Microbiología del Agua , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Humanos , Lactante , Estaciones del Año , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The study dealt with features of tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction in two series of interspecies somatic hybrids generated by fusion of transformed cells of Chinese hamster (Ag17) with human diploid fibroblasts (KM/3) and with pseudonormal cells of Indian deer (Muntiacus munjak) (KOM). The viral infection in hybrid Ag17 cells ran an acute course with cell damage, but in KM/3 and KOM cells virus multiplication was not accompanied by the development of cytopathic effect. Two other parameters of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection under study: the extent of infectious particles production and electroimmunochemical properties were found to be under control of genomes of different parental cells.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Células Híbridas/microbiología , Replicación Viral , Animales , Línea Celular Transformada , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Ciervos , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/genética , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Cultivo de Virus/métodosRESUMEN
The use of immunosorption of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus preparations on polyspecific antibodies covalently bound with sepharose permits good identification of virus-specific protein synthesis in cell cultures in acute and latent infection. Immune affinity separation of virus-specific proteins p93, p79, p69, p53 (V3), p24, p23, p21, p18, and p13 (NVI 1/2) attests to the high polyspecificity of the employed immune preparation, a hyperimmune anti-TBE horse serum gamma-globulin. From a virion antigen preparation, structural V3 (E) protein is isolated but not other structural proteins, V2 (C) or V1 (M). p93 protein (NV5) is one of the proteins recovered from preparations of nonvirion ("soluble") antigen (NA) alongside with heterogeneous p80 protein which may represent a product of p93 protein proteolysis or protein(s) of pig embryo kidney cells separated in immunosorption together with p93 within HA.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/análisis , Proteínas Virales/análisis , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Antígenos Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Epítopos/análisis , Epítopos/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Inmunoadsorción , Proteínas Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Virión/análisis , Virión/aislamiento & purificación , Cultivo de VirusRESUMEN
Variations in synthesis of antigenic structures are observed in tick-borne encephalitis virus replication in cell cultures of different origin. In a number of cell cultures: pig and Syrian hamster embryo kidney cells, as well as in Chinese striped hamster cells and Tasmanian rat kangaroo cells, virion antigens (VA) are synthesized which differ in the direction of movement in the electric field, namely, anode and cathode VA. In other cell cultures: green monkey kidney, barking deer kidney, and human fibroblasts, only cathode VA is synthesized. In chick embryo fibroblast cultures, in addition to the above-mentioned VA, considerable amounts of a VA which does not move in the electric field are synthesized. In all the cultures, a low molecular nonvirion antigen (NA) is actively produced, the virus-containing fluids of human fibroblast cultures and Chinese striped hamster kidney cell cultures contain lower amounts of high molecular NA, while rat kangaroo and green monkey kidney cell cultures have no high-molecular NA of tick-borne encephalitis virus.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/patogenicidad , Virión/patogenicidad , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Antígenos Virales/biosíntesis , Contrainmunoelectroforesis , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/inmunología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/fisiología , Hemaglutininas Virales/análisis , Humanos , Virión/inmunología , Virión/fisiología , Cultivo de Virus/métodos , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Six clones of mouse hybridomas producing highly specific antibodies to the vaccine LSc 2ab strain of poliomyelitis virus type I have been derived. The clone 10C5 antibodies were used for intratypic serodifferentiation of 75 poliomyelitis virus type I strains from the collection of the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of the USSR Acad. Med. Sci. which had been isolated in the USSR from children with paralytic poliomyelitis in 1950-1983. General large-scale vaccination campaigns for children using live poliomyelitis vaccine (SLV) had started in 1959. Among 12 strains isolated in 1950-1958, only 2 strains could be neutralized with clone 10C5 antibody. These 2 strains were evidently of the vaccine origin since they had been isolated in 1957 in Leningrad where at that time first large-scale trials of SLV had already been initiated (Smorodintsev, A.A. in: "Live Vaccine against Poliomyelitis", Leningrad, 1960, 42-60). In the period after the beginning of large-scale vaccination campaigns (1959-1983), 11 out of 26 strains and 25 out of 36 strains isolated in areas of the moderate and hot climate, respectively, showed antigenic relationship with the vaccine LSc 2ab strain. The portion of vaccine-like strains isolated in different years beginning since 1959 was sufficiently stable comprising about half of the total number of poliomyelitis virus type I strains examined.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Poliovirus/clasificación , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Niño , Clima , Epítopos/análisis , Humanos , Hibridomas/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Poliomielitis/microbiología , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Poliovirus/inmunología , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Vacuna Antipolio Oral/inmunología , Serotipificación/métodos , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Cells of the four hybrid lines between continuous mouse cells Rag and human diploid embryonal fibroblasts were polymorphic and had mitotic activity in fully formed monolayers. Most of the these mitoses were pathological. Hybrid cells examined 8 months after hybridization were susceptible to the poliomyelitis virus infection with partial cytopathologic effect, they produced virus antigens and the infectious virus. Small hybrid cells displayed a more pronounced cytopathologic effect than did big, polynuclear and mitotic cells. Hybrid cells that were passaged 1.5 months after infection did not excrete any infectious poliovirus but contained poliovirus antigens.
Asunto(s)
Células Híbridas/patología , Poliovirus/patogenicidad , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Línea Celular , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Humanos , Células Híbridas/inmunología , Células Híbridas/microbiología , Ratones , Mitosis , Poliovirus/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Lines of human-mouse hybrid cells susceptible to infection with poliomyelitis types I, II, III, ECHO type 1 and 12, and Coxsackie A7 viruses have been derived. The presence in the hybrid cells of 2 and 3 genomes of the nonpermissive cell partner (mouse) was shown not to inhibit enterovirus reproduction. Hybrid cultures differed in their sensitivity to the mutagenic action of poliomyelitis virus. There was no correlation between poliomyelitis virus yield and the number of chromosome breaks in hybrid cells. Poliomyelitis virus type I-infected hybrid cultures passaged for 11/2 months eliminated this virus and subsequently became less sensitive to reinfection with poliomyelitis virus of all 3 types but retained their original sensitivity to Coxsackie and ECHO viruses.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterovirus/microbiología , Células Híbridas/microbiología , Animales , Línea Celular , Infecciones por Coxsackievirus/microbiología , Infecciones por Echovirus/microbiología , Enterovirus/patogenicidad , Enterovirus Humano B/patogenicidad , Humanos , Ratones , Poliovirus/patogenicidad , Cultivo de Virus , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Some properties of four hybrids between continuous mouse cells Rag and human diploid embryonal fibroblasts were described. During initial four months after fusion, hybrid cells with the parental genome ratio 1 mouse (m) - 1 human (h) were displaced by cells with the ratio 2m - 1h and 3m - 1h. Further passages lead to selection of cells with 10-12 human chromosomes and two and three chromosome sets of Rag cells.
Asunto(s)
Genes , Células Híbridas/ultraestructura , Animales , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , Diploidia , Fibroblastos/ultraestructura , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Metafase , Ratones , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentales/genéticaRESUMEN
Three continuous lines of green monkey embryo cell cultures were developed. One of them is widely used in practical and theoretical virological studies due to modest cultural requirements and high sensitivity of many viruses. From the study of the characteristics of green monkey continuous cell lines it is concluded that some additional controls are necessary for green monkey diploid cell strains to be used in viral vaccines production.
Asunto(s)
Línea Celular , Cercopithecus , Chlorocebus aethiops , Virología , Animales , Cariotipificación , Cultivo de VirusRESUMEN
Two strains of diploid fibroblasts were derived from green monkey fetal lungs and their main properties were studied. These strains were shown not to differ principally from the well studied human diploid fibroblasts. The derived cultures are free from contaminating viruses. The titers of attenuated poliomyelitis virus strains achieved in green monkey diploid cells are comparable to those in primary cultures of green monkey kidneys. The possiblity of using green monkey diploid fibroblasts in virological practice is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Línea Celular , Poliovirus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cultivo de Virus , Animales , Callitrichinae , Cromosomas , Diploidia , Fibroblastos , Congelación , CariotipificaciónRESUMEN
Differences between strains of measles virus in their mutagenic effect on cells of different animals and man were found. The mutagenic activity of measles virus strains was species-specific. In the process of spontaneous transformation the sensitivity of cells to the mutagen changed.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Virus del Sarampión , Mutación , Animales , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Humanos , Ratas , Ovinos , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A green monkey myxovirus (SV5) causes chromosome breaks in embryonal diploid fibroblasts of man, cotton rats, striped hairy-footed hamster, and in cells of one heteroploid line of newborn lamb kidney. Adenovirus SV15 is mutagenic for all cultures under study (diploid strains of human and cotton rat embryo fibroblasts and three continuous kidney cell lines from newborn lambs). The mutagenic activity of these viruses may be manifested without their undergoing a complete cycle of replication.