RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eubiotics on the intestinal morphology of broilers. For this purpose, 125 birds were divided into six groups with two replicates each (10 birds in each replicate). Group A was given a Basal diet. All groups except group A were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Group B was provided the basal diet, group C was fed a Probiotic-added diet; group D was fed a Prebiotics-based diet; group E was given essential oils plus the basal diet; and group F was provided with organic acids plus the basal diet. Two separate experiments were carried out for Salmonella recovery, checking the cecal tonsils and conducting an intestinal pathomorphic evaluation. Villus length, villus width, villus surface area, and crypt depth were measured by micrometry. There was an overall improvement (p<0.05) in intestinal morphometric parameters for all the treatment groups except for the negative control group, which showed the lowest villus height and villus depth values. Maximum villus height (p<0.05) of the duodenum was achieved by group E, which was fed a diet containing essential oils, whereas a maximum villus surface area index (p<0.05) was recorded for the birds of Group D, which were fed a diet containing prebiotics. Maximum villus height (p<0.05) and surface area index in ileum mucosa was recorded (p<0.05) in the birds of group D (treated with prebiotics). It is concluded that there is an overall increase in the gut histology of broilers fed non-antibiotic based feed.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Aditivos Alimentarios/efectos adversos , Salmonella enterica/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with no approved targeted therapy. Here, we analyze exomes (n = 160), transcriptomes (n = 115), and low pass whole genomes (n = 146) from 167 gallbladder cancers (GBCs) from patients in Korea, India and Chile. In addition, we also sequence samples from 39 GBC high-risk patients and detect evidence of early cancer-related genomic lesions. Among the several significantly mutated genes not previously linked to GBC are ETS domain genes ELF3 and EHF, CTNNB1, APC, NSD1, KAT8, STK11 and NFE2L2. A majority of ELF3 alterations are frame-shift mutations that result in several cancer-specific neoantigens that activate T-cells indicating that they are cancer vaccine candidates. In addition, we identify recurrent alterations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 and WNT pathway in GBC. Taken together, these define multiple targetable therapeutic interventions opportunities for GBC treatment and management.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/genética , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/inmunología , Chile , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genómica/métodos , Humanos , India , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/inmunología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/metabolismo , República de Corea , Factores de Transcripción/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Vía de Señalización Wnt/genética , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Roche Cobas chemistry analyzer's hemolysis index (HI) check function can directly report hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. We aimed to validate the HI check function for the measurement of plasma cell-free Hb. METHODS: Plasma samples (6 µl) were taken by the analyzer and diluted in normal saline to measure the absorbance for Hb at 570 and 600 nm. Hb concentrations were calculated based on the molar extinction coefficient. Imprecision, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), and analytical measurement range (AMR) of the assay were evaluated. The accuracy was determined by comparing the results between the new method and an existing spectrophotometric method. We further studied interference of icterus and lipemia and carryover. The performance of the assay in proficiency testing was also evaluated. The reference range was transferred from the existing method. RESULTS: Within-run and total CVs were 1.7%-4.2% and 2.1%-7.0%, respectively (n = 20). The LLOQ was 11 mg/dL (CV = 8.1%) with the upper limit of AMR of 506 mg/dL. The results of the new method correlated well with the existing reference assay: Y (new method) = 0.974 x (reference method) + 4.9, r = 0.9990, n = 52. Bilirubin with a concentration up to 60 mg/dL and lipemic index up to 389 did not show significant interference. No significant carryover was detected. The average standard deviation index in proficiency testing was 0.03 ± 0.29. The reference range was <22 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma cell-free Hb measurement using the HI check function meets the analytical requirements of the plasma cell-free Hb assays. It is simple and cost-effective.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas Hematológicas/métodos , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Hemólisis , Automatización de Laboratorios , Bilirrubina/sangre , Pruebas Hematológicas/instrumentación , Pruebas Hematológicas/normas , Humanos , Ensayos de Aptitud de Laboratorios , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Objetivo. La alergia alimentaria es un problema de salud pública. Los objetivos fueron determinar la asociación entre la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca (APLV) y la vitamina 25(OH)D en los lactantes diagnosticados con APLV y la asociación entre la 25(OH)D y (a) tamaño de la zona indurada en la prueba intraepidérmica, (b) IgE específica para leche y (c) IgE específica para caseína. Métodos. Estudio de casos y controles prospectivo, observacional con niños < 2 años con APLV confirmada mediante prueba de exposición oral al alimento. Se incluyó a lactantes sanos como controles. La concentración sérica de 25(OH)D se obtuvo en ambos grupos. Se estudió la correlación entre la vitamina D y la APLV. Resultados. Entre los pacientes (n: 56), el 41,1 % (n: 23) tenía alergia mediada por la IgE y el 58,9 % (n: 33), alergia no mediada por la IgE. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con APLV y de referencia (n: 55) en la 25(OH)D (33,85 ± 16,18 ng/ml, 30,70 ± 14,90 ng/ml; respectivamente, p : 0,289). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos según la 25(OH)D (adecuada, insuficiencia, deficiencia; p = 0,099). Con la prueba intraepidérmica, se determinó una correlación negativa sin significancia estadística entre la zona indurada del antígeno de la leche y la 25(OH)D (p: 0,794; r = -0,037). Conclusiones. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la 25(OH)D entre ambos grupos. Estos resultados no respaldan la solicitud de rutina de análisis de 25(OH)D en los lactantes con APLV.
Aim. Food allergy is an important public health concern with an increasing prevalence. The objectives were to determine the possible association between cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and 25(OH)D (vitamin-D) levels of infants with an initial diagnosis of CMPA and the association between 25(OH)D levels and (a) SPT (skin prick test) induration size, (b) specific IgE to milk, (c) specific IgE to casein. Methods. Prospective, observational, case control study; the study group was composed of children < 2 years of age with a diagnosis of CMPA confirmed by an oral food challenge test. Healthy infants were enrolled as controls. Serum 25(OH) D levels were obtained at the initial workup in both groups. The correlation of vitamin-D levels was investigated in the development of CMPA. Results. Among the study group of patients (n:56) 41,1% (n:23) had IgE-mediated and 58,9% (n:33) had non-IgE-mediated allergies There were no statistically significant differences between the CMPA and control groups (n: 55), in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels (33.85 ± 16.18ng/ml, 30.70 ± 14.90ng/ml; respectively, p:0.289). No statistically significant difference was found between study and controls according to 25(OH) D levels (adequate, insufficiency, deficiency; p=0.099). In the SPT of the CMPA group, a negative weak correlation without statistical significance was determined between the induration diameter of milk antigen and serum levels of 25(OH)D (p:0,794; r= -0,037). Conclusions. No significant difference was found in serum 25 (OH)D levels between infants with CMPA and healthy controls. Our results do not support the routine request for 25(OH)D levels in pediatric age CMPA patients at their initial workup.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Vitamina D , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Hipersensibilidad a los AlimentosRESUMEN
AIM: Food allergy is an important public health concern with an increasing prevalence. The objectives were to determine the possible association between cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and 25(OH)D (vitamin-D) levels of infants with an initial diagnosis of CMPA and the association between 25(OH)D levels and (a) SPT (skin prick test) induration size, (b) specific IgE to milk, (c) specific IgE to casein. METHODS: Prospective, observational, case control study; the study group was composed of children < 2 years of age with a diagnosis of CMPA confirmed by an oral food challenge test. Healthy infants were enrolled as controls. Serum 25(OH) D levels were obtained at the initial workup in both groups. The correlation of vitamin-D levels was investigated in the development of CMPA. RESULTS: Among the study group of patients (n:56) 41,1% (n:23) had IgE-mediated and 58,9% (n:33) had non-IgE-mediated allergies There were no statistically significant differences between the CMPA and control groups (n: 55), in terms of serum 25(OH)D levels (33.85 ± 16.18ng/ml, 30.70 ± 14.90ng/ml; respectively, p:0.289). No statistically significant difference was found between study and controls according to 25(OH) D levels (adequate, insufficiency, deficiency; p=0.099). In the SPT of the CMPA group, a negative weak correlation without statistical significance was determined between the induration diameter of milk antigen and serum levels of 25(OH)D (p:0,794; r= -0,037). CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was found in serum 25 (OH)D levels between infants with CMPA and healthy controls. Our results do not support the routine request for 25(OH)D levels in pediatric age CMPA patients at their initial workup.
Objetivo. La alergia alimentaria es un problema de salud pública. Los objetivos fueron determinar la asociación entre la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca (APLV) y la vitamina 25(OH)D en los lactantes diagnosticados con APLV y la asociación entre la 25(OH)D y (a) tamaño de la zona indurada en la prueba intraepidérmica, (b) IgE específica para leche y (c) IgE específica para caseína. Métodos. Estudio de casos y controles prospectivo, observacional con niños < 2 años con APLV confirmada mediante prueba de exposición oral al alimento. Se incluyó a lactantes sanos como controles. La concentración sérica de 25(OH)D se obtuvo en ambos grupos. Se estudió la correlación entre la vitamina D y la APLV. Resultados. Entre los pacientes (n: 56), el 41,1 % (n: 23) tenía alergia mediada por la IgE y el 58,9 % (n: 33), alergia no mediada por la IgE. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con APLV y de referencia (n: 55) en la 25(OH)D (33,85 ± 16,18 ng/ml, 30,70 ± 14,90 ng/ ml; respectivamente, p : 0,289). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos según la 25(OH)D (adecuada, insuficiencia, deficiencia; p = 0,099). Con la prueba intraepidérmica, se determinó una correlación negativa sin significancia estadística entre la zona indurada del antígeno de la leche y la 25(OH)D (p: 0,794; r = -0,037). Conclusiones. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la 25(OH)D entre ambos grupos. Estos resultados no respaldan la solicitud de rutina de análisis de 25(OH)D en los lactantes con APLV.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche/inmunología , Proteínas de la Leche/inmunología , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Pruebas Cutáneas , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
A study was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed supplementation on performance, carcass traits, and hindleg fatty acid composition of guinea pigs. Sixty male and female weaned guinea pigs (1 month old, five animals/cage) were blocked by sex and bodyweight and randomly fed 0 (control) or 100 g/kg flaxseed concentrate diets (15 g/animal) plus ad libitum fresh alfalfa for 30 days. Results showed that flaxseed supplementation had no influence on animal performance. However, final body weight (P = 0.035), total feed intake (P = 0.019), and body weight gain (P < 0.001) were higher in male than female guinea pigs. Similar results were also observed for carcass composition (i.e., hot, chilled, and reference carcass weights). Inclusion of flaxseed reduced saturated (P < 0.001), mono-unsaturated (P = 0.004), and increased (P < 0.001) polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid concentrations in hindlegs. Concentrations of linolenic acid and n-3 PUFA increased (P < 0.001) by 49.7 and 37.1%, respectively as a result of flaxseed inclusion. It was concluded that feeding flaxseed to guinea pigs at 100 g/kg of the concentrate diets improves meat PUFA concentrations with no adverse effects on performance or carcass composition.
Asunto(s)
Ingestión de Alimentos , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Lino/metabolismo , Cobayas/fisiología , Miembro Posterior , Carne/análisis , Aumento de Peso , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Lino/química , Cobayas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Miembro Posterior/química , Miembro Posterior/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Perú , Distribución Aleatoria , Semillas/química , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Benzoquinonas/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lactamas Macrocíclicas/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales/métodos , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Ratones , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoAsunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Grasas , Sustitutos de la Leche HumanaRESUMEN
Five lactating goats were used in a 5x5 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of feeding whole sugarcane (WSC) on intake, total tract nutrient digestibilities, milk yield and milk composition. Goats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g kg(-1) WSC and 400, 300, 200, 100, and 0 g kg(-1) tifton hay (TH). Intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) as the level of WSC in the diet increased. Total tract nutrient digestibilities were not influenced by WSC inclusion except for the digestibility of NDF which decreased linearly (p<0.05) as the level of WSC in the diet increased. Inclusion of WSC linearly (p<0.05) decreased milk yield without affecting milk composition. It was concluded that WSC had a lower feeding values than TH for lactating goats.
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Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/fisiología , Digestión , Cabras/fisiología , Lactancia/fisiología , Saccharum , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ingestión de Energía/fisiología , Femenino , Cabras/crecimiento & desarrollo , Leche/química , Leche/metabolismo , Necesidades Nutricionales , Valor Nutritivo , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Skin reactions have been measured in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients with Dharmendra and Mitsuda type of lepromins prepared from M. leprae, Mycobacterium w, ICRC bacillus, M. phlei, M. vaccae and M.gordonae. In tuberculoid patients Mycobacterium w gave the closest response to M. leprae, however, in lepromatous and borderline lepromatous cases, this bacteria produced greater response than M. leprae.
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Humanos , Lepromina/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Lepra/inmunología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/inmunología , Mycobacterium leprae/inmunología , Mycobacterium phlei/inmunología , Mycobacterium/inmunología , Piel/inmunología , Pruebas IntradérmicasRESUMEN
Guinea-pigs were immunized with Mycobacterium leprae in saline and with autoclaved preparations of Mycobacterium w., ICRC bacillus, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium vaccae. A group of animals were also immunized with live Mycobacterium w. All animals were challenged after one month of M. leprae and other mycobacteria. Induration produced in response in guine-pigs to challenge with homologous mycobacterial preparations and M. leprae. In most cases, the early reaction was higher with homologous antigens as compared to M. leprae antigens were however of comparable order especially in animals immunized with Mycobacterium w, and ICRC bacillus. Animals immunized with M. leprae gave low late reactions with preparations from Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium vaccae.